exam review

Question 1

what is the purpose of cartilage?

Answer 1

to reduce friction on bones

Question 2

what do tendons do ?

Answer 2

attatch bones to muscle

Question 3

osteoCYTES do what ?

Answer 3

maintain extracellular matrix

Question 4

osteoBLASTS do what ?

Answer 4

build bone

Question 5

osteoCLASTS do what?

Answer 5

break down bone

Question 6

what element does osteoblasts secrete?

Answer 6

calcium

Question 7

the diaphysis is also known as the __

Answer 7

shaft

Question 8

the epiphysis is also known as the ___

Answer 8

end

Question 9

what happens to the bone marrow after the fetus is born?

Answer 9

it begins to turn into yellow marrow

Question 10

where does bone formation begin ?

Answer 10

at the center of the bone

Question 11

in bone formation which comes first, the diaphysis or the epyphysis?

Answer 11

the diaphysis

Question 12

what is intramamembranous ossification?

Answer 12

when the bone is produced from connective tissue

Question 13

what is the only bone that uses intramembranous ossification ?

Answer 13

the skull

Question 14

what is endochondral ossification?

Answer 14

bones formed inside cartilage

Question 15

how do bones get wider ?

Answer 15

through appositional growth

Question 16

what is a chondrocyte ?

Answer 16

a cartilage cell

Question 17

describe bone remodeling :

Answer 17

old bone gets removed by osteoCLASTS and then deposited by osteoBLASTS

Question 18

what is a hematoma ?

Answer 18

a mass of blood

Question 19

when calcium moves in and out of bones what happens to it?

Answer 19

it enters the blood stream

Question 20

how is calcium homeostasis maintained ?

Answer 20

through the parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

Question 21

where does the parathyroid hormone come from ?

Answer 21

the parathyroid gland in the neck

Question 22

what does PTH do ?

Answer 22

increases formation of osteoclasts

Question 23

when calcium is reabsorbed from the kidneys, what happens with urine as a result ?

Answer 23

less calcium is secreted in urine

Question 24

what does calcitrol do ?

Answer 24

increases calcium in the blood ?

Question 25

where does calcitonin come from ?

Answer 25

the thyroid

Question 26

what does calcitonin do ?

Answer 26

it is secreted when blood calcium levels are too high

Question 27

if calcium is too low which hormone comes into play?

Answer 27

PTH

Question 28

if calcium is too high, which hormone comes into play?

Answer 28

calcitonin

Question 29

what is a foramen ?

Answer 29

a hole or an opening

Question 30

what is a fossa ?

Answer 30

a shallow depression

Question 31

what is a tuberosity ?

Answer 31

a large lump on a bone

Question 32

what is a process ?

Answer 32

a projection on a bone

Question 33

what is a condyle ?

Answer 33

a smooth rounded end of a joint

Question 34

where are the zygomatic bones ?

Answer 34

the cheekbones

Question 35

which is more anterior, ethmoid or sphenoid?

Answer 35

the ethmoid

Question 36

what is a structure of the sphenoid bone ?

Answer 36

wings and multiple foramen

Question 37

the ____ is the sword handle of the sternum

Answer 37

manubrium

Question 38

the glenohumoral jo is also known as what ?

Answer 38

the shoulder joint

Question 39

what type of joint is the glenohumoral jo ?

Answer 39

a ball and socket ?

Question 40

what are the 3 types pf structural joints ?

Answer 40

synovial, fibrous, and cartilaginous

Question 41

cartilagenous joints hold bones together with lots of ___

Answer 41

cartilage

Question 42

like fibrous joints, cartilagenous joints offer ____ movement

Answer 42

little to no

Question 43

synovial joints have ___ fluid

Answer 43

synovial

Question 44

do synovial joints offer lots of movement ?

Answer 44

yes

Question 45

a hinge joint allows for a cylinder to ____

Answer 45

fit into a socket

Question 46

what is an example of a hinge joint?

Answer 46

the knee

Question 47

what is a pivot joint?

Answer 47

rotation around a circular axis

Question 48

what is an example of a pivot joint?

Answer 48

the radioulnar

Question 49

what is a saddle joint ?

Answer 49

2 bones intersecting at 2 right angles

Question 50

what is an example of a saddle joint ?

Answer 50

the wrist