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anatomy and physiology 1 > exam review > Flashcards

exam review Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of cartilage?

A

to reduce friction on bones

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2
Q

what do tendons do ?

A

attatch bones to muscle

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3
Q

osteoCYTES do what ?

A

maintain extracellular matrix

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4
Q

osteoBLASTS do what ?

A

build bone

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5
Q

osteoCLASTS do what?

A

break down bone

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6
Q

what element does osteoblasts secrete?

A

calcium

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7
Q

the diaphysis is also known as the __

A

shaft

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8
Q

the epiphysis is also known as the ___

A

end

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9
Q

what happens to the bone marrow after the fetus is born?

A

it begins to turn into yellow marrow

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10
Q

where does bone formation begin ?

A

at the center of the bone

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11
Q

in bone formation which comes first, the diaphysis or the epyphysis?

A

the diaphysis

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12
Q

what is intramamembranous ossification?

A

when the bone is produced from connective tissue

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13
Q

what is the only bone that uses intramembranous ossification ?

A

the skull

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14
Q

what is endochondral ossification?

A

bones formed inside cartilage

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15
Q

how do bones get wider ?

A

through appositional growth

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16
Q

what is a chondrocyte ?

A

a cartilage cell

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17
Q

describe bone remodeling :

A

old bone gets removed by osteoCLASTS and then deposited by osteoBLASTS

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18
Q

what is a hematoma ?

A

a mass of blood

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19
Q

when calcium moves in and out of bones what happens to it?

A

it enters the blood stream

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20
Q

how is calcium homeostasis maintained ?

A

through the parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

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21
Q

where does the parathyroid hormone come from ?

A

the parathyroid gland in the neck

22
Q

what does PTH do ?

A

increases formation of osteoclasts

23
Q

when calcium is reabsorbed from the kidneys, what happens with urine as a result ?

A

less calcium is secreted in urine

24
Q

what does calcitrol do ?

A

increases calcium in the blood ?

25
Q

where does calcitonin come from ?

A

the thyroid

26
Q

what does calcitonin do ?

A

it is secreted when blood calcium levels are too high

27
Q

if calcium is too low which hormone comes into play?

A

PTH

28
Q

if calcium is too high, which hormone comes into play?

A

calcitonin

29
Q

what is a foramen ?

A

a hole or an opening

30
Q

what is a fossa ?

A

a shallow depression

31
Q

what is a tuberosity ?

A

a large lump on a bone

32
Q

what is a process ?

A

a projection on a bone

33
Q

what is a condyle ?

A

a smooth rounded end of a joint

34
Q

where are the zygomatic bones ?

A

the cheekbones

35
Q

which is more anterior, ethmoid or sphenoid?

A

the ethmoid

36
Q

what is a structure of the sphenoid bone ?

A

wings and multiple foramen

37
Q

the ____ is the sword handle of the sternum

A

manubrium

38
Q

the glenohumoral jo is also known as what ?

A

the shoulder joint

39
Q

what type of joint is the glenohumoral jo ?

A

a ball and socket ?

40
Q

what are the 3 types pf structural joints ?

A

synovial, fibrous, and cartilaginous

41
Q

cartilagenous joints hold bones together with lots of ___

A

cartilage

42
Q

like fibrous joints, cartilagenous joints offer ____ movement

A

little to no

43
Q

synovial joints have ___ fluid

A

synovial

44
Q

do synovial joints offer lots of movement ?

A

yes

45
Q

a hinge joint allows for a cylinder to ____

A

fit into a socket

46
Q

what is an example of a hinge joint?

A

the knee

47
Q

what is a pivot joint?

A

rotation around a circular axis

48
Q

what is an example of a pivot joint?

A

the radioulnar

49
Q

what is a saddle joint ?

A

2 bones intersecting at 2 right angles

50
Q

what is an example of a saddle joint ?

A

the wrist

anatomy and physiology 1 (11 decks)

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