Final Exam Review- Chemical Basis of Life Flashcards
Describe the structure of an atom
protons and neutrons are in the atom , electrons are outside of it
Define : matter
Anything that has mass and occupies space.
Define : element
A substance that cannot be broken down: 1 type of atom.
Define: compound
Has more than one element: 2 or more types of atoms.
Define: isotope
Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.
-> Mass number changes.
Define: ionic bond
A type of chemical bond formed between ions with opposite charges.
Define: covalent bond
When atoms share electrons.
Define: ions
An atom or molecule with a certain charge number due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
Define: solution
A mixture of 2 or more substances that looks like 1 thing.
Define: solute
A substance being dissolved.
ex: iced tea mix being dissolved in water
Define: solvent
A substance doing the dissolving.
ex: water dissolving iced tea mix
Organic compounds found in all organisms contain ___________
Carbon.
What is the pH scale?
A scale numbered 0-14 determining how basic or acidic a substance is.
0: Most acidic
7: Neutral
14: Most basic
Each number is 10 times more acidic or basic than either beside it.
What is an acid, a base, and neutral on the pH scale? Give one example for each.
0-6: Acidic Lemon Juice
7: Neutral Pure Water
8-14: Basic Bleach
The ____________ is used to indicate the relative concentration of ions in a solution.
the pH scale
How many amino acids are there?
20
What are the functional groups that make up organic molecules?
Amine , Phosphate , Carboxylic Acid , Alcohol
Name the monomers, polymers, elements, functions, examples for Carbohydrates.
Monomer: Monosaccharide Polymers: Polysaccharide Elements: C, H , O Functions: source of energy Examples: glucose and other sugars, starch , cellulose
Name the monomers, polymers, elements, functions, examples for Lipids.
Monomers: Fatty Acids & Glycerol Polymers: Triglyceride Elements: C, H , O , sometimes P Functions: storage of energy Examples: Fats, wax, cholesterol, steroids
Name the monomers, polymers, elements, functions, examples for Proteins.
Monomers: amino Acid Polymers: Polypeptide Elements: C , H , O , N , sometimes P Functions: muscle movement, speed up reactions , carry oxygen structure Examples: Enzymes , Hemaglobin
Name the monomers, polymers, elements, functions, examples for Nucleic Acids.
Monomers: Nucleotide Polymers: DNA or RNA Elements: C , H , O , N , P Functions: carry genetic info, make proteins , control centre activities Examples: DNA , or RNA
Describe Dehydration Synthesis.
monomers are built into polymers by removing a water molecule from the monomers
Describe Hydrolysis.
polymers are broken apart by the addition of water to form monomers
What chemical is used to test for the presence of sugar? Why?
benedicts solution
