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Biology 30 > Final Exam Review- Chemical Basis of Life > Flashcards

Final Exam Review- Chemical Basis of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the structure of an atom

A

protons and neutrons are in the atom , electrons are outside of it

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2
Q

Define : matter

A

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

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3
Q

Define : element

A

A substance that cannot be broken down: 1 type of atom.

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4
Q

Define: compound

A

Has more than one element: 2 or more types of atoms.

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5
Q

Define: isotope

A

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.
-> Mass number changes.

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6
Q

Define: ionic bond

A

A type of chemical bond formed between ions with opposite charges.

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7
Q

Define: covalent bond

A

When atoms share electrons.

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8
Q

Define: ions

A

An atom or molecule with a certain charge number due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

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9
Q

Define: solution

A

A mixture of 2 or more substances that looks like 1 thing.

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10
Q

Define: solute

A

A substance being dissolved.

ex: iced tea mix being dissolved in water

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11
Q

Define: solvent

A

A substance doing the dissolving.

ex: water dissolving iced tea mix

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12
Q

Organic compounds found in all organisms contain ___________

A

Carbon.

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13
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

A scale numbered 0-14 determining how basic or acidic a substance is.

0: Most acidic
7: Neutral
14: Most basic

Each number is 10 times more acidic or basic than either beside it.

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14
Q

What is an acid, a base, and neutral on the pH scale? Give one example for each.

A

0-6: Acidic Lemon Juice
7: Neutral Pure Water
8-14: Basic Bleach

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15
Q

The ____________ is used to indicate the relative concentration of ions in a solution.

A

the pH scale

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16
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

20

17
Q

What are the functional groups that make up organic molecules?

A

Amine , Phosphate , Carboxylic Acid , Alcohol

18
Q

Name the monomers, polymers, elements, functions, examples for Carbohydrates.

A 
Monomer: Monosaccharide
Polymers: Polysaccharide
Elements: C, H , O 
Functions: source of energy
Examples: glucose and other  sugars, starch , cellulose
19
Q

Name the monomers, polymers, elements, functions, examples for Lipids.

A 
Monomers:  Fatty Acids & Glycerol
Polymers: Triglyceride
Elements: C, H , O , sometimes P
Functions: storage of energy
Examples:  Fats, wax, cholesterol, steroids
20
Q

Name the monomers, polymers, elements, functions, examples for Proteins.

A 
Monomers:  amino Acid
Polymers:  Polypeptide
Elements: C , H , O , N , sometimes P
Functions: muscle movement, speed up reactions , carry oxygen structure
Examples: Enzymes , Hemaglobin
21
Q

Name the monomers, polymers, elements, functions, examples for Nucleic Acids.

A 
Monomers: Nucleotide
Polymers: DNA or RNA
Elements:  C , H , O , N , P
Functions: carry genetic info, make proteins , control centre activities 
Examples:  DNA , or RNA
22
Q

Describe Dehydration Synthesis.

A

monomers are built into polymers by removing a water molecule from the monomers

23
Q

Describe Hydrolysis.

A

polymers are broken apart by the addition of water to form monomers

24
Q

What chemical is used to test for the presence of sugar? Why?

A

benedicts solution

25
Q

What chemical is used to test for the presence of starches? Why?

A

iodine

because iodine it reacts with starch and turns it a dark purplish black colour

26
Q

What are the differences between “saturated” and “unsaturated” fats?

A

saturated : the hydrogen atoms are completely bonded to carbon atoms

unsaturated : there are double bonded carbons and cannot be fully rebonded to hydrogen

27
Q

Explain the difference between a catalyst and an enzyme, Which one is a protein?

A

catalyst : speeds up chemical reactions

enzyme: are catalyst that are in living organisms

enzyme is a protein

28
Q

What are some characteristics of enzymes?

A

a protein

speeds up chemical reactions

29
Q

What 3 parts is a nucleic acid made up of?

A

sugar , phosphate and 1 base

30
Q

Compare DNA and RNA with respect to their structures and bases.

A

DNA - Double Helix
Bases- Adenine, thymine , cytosine , guanine

RNA- single helix
Bases- Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine

31
Q

What is an Endothermic reaction? Give an example.

A

a chemical reaction where energy is absorbed

ex- the reaction of glucose and fructose to form sucrose and water

32
Q

What is an Exothermic reaction? Give an example.

A

reactions that release energy

ex- glucose and oxygen –>
CO2 + Water + Energy

33
Q

What is reduction and oxidization?

A

Reduction: adding electrons

  • Charge is reduced
  • higher energy

Oxidization: Removing electrons

  • charge is increased
  • lower energy
34
Q

What is the stoma?

A

Tiny pores on the surface of a leaf

Biology 30 (6 decks)

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