Final Exam review Flashcards

Question

What is the family and medical leave act?

Answer 1

- The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 is a United States labor law requiring covered employers to provide employees with job-protected and unpaid leave for qualified medical and family reasons. - The FMLA was a major part of President Bill Clinton's first-term domestic agenda, and he signed it into law on February 5, 1993. The FMLA is administered by the Wage and Hour Division of the United States Department of Labor. - The FMLA allows eligible employees to take up to 12 work weeks of unpaid leave during any 12-month period to care for a new child, care for a seriously ill family member, or recover from a serious illness. The FMLA covers both public- and private-sector employees, but certain categories of employees, including elected officials and highly compensated employees, are excluded from the law or face certain limitations. In order to be eligible for FMLA leave, an employee must have worked for the employer for at least 12 months, have worked at least 1,250 hours over the past 12 months, and work for an employer with at least 50 employees within a 75-mile radius. Several states have passed laws providing additional family and medical leave protections for workers.

Answer 2

Policy goal: to protect workers against effects of occupational injuries and to compensate families of injured or killed at work Benefits: cash and medical assistance Eligibility: workers must be injured or killed on job in accidents unrelated to own intoxication, gross negligence, or willful misconduct Service delivery: States organize programs under federal legislation. Insurance companies receive claims and award benefits Financing: Employers purchase policies from insurance companies

Answer 3

Policy goals: provide income to meet basic needs for workers who have lost jobs and to stabilize economy by encouraging spending Benefits: In most states, cash help for up to 26 weeks Eligibility: Workers must be unemployed due to no fault of their own and must meet requirements of wages earned and weeks worked in the past year. They also must actively seek work. Service delivery system: State agencies determine eligibility; and claimed are filed weekly or biweekly Financing: Funded primarily by taxes on employers

Answer 4

Policy goals: protect workers and their families from loss of income due to retirement, disability, and death Benefits/services provided: monthly payments Eligibility rules: Determined by age, disability, or death; payment of payroll taxes; satisfaction of work credit requirements Service delivery system: Social Security administration offices determine eligibility and send funds by check via U.S. mail or by electronic bank transfer Financing: Payroll taxes (insurance premiums) paid by employees and employers -Universal program

Answer 5

Policy goals: Enforce 15th amendment to Constitution, granting all citizens an equal opportunity to vote Benefits: protection against use of literacy tests of other requirements denying, reducing voting rights Eligibility: all citizens can vote regardless of race Service delivery system: Federal examiners register voters and approve election practices before their use. The U.S. attorney general is directed to enforce law and challenge discriminatory practices. Financing: Federal general revenue funds enforcement pg. 235

Answer 6

Policy goals: remove barriers to voter registration, end discrimination in public accommodations and programs receiving federal assistance, encourage school desegregation and establish the Equal Employment Commission to oversee anti-discrimination efforts in the workplace Benefits: Enforcement of right to register to vote; right to use public accommodations like hotels, restaurants, theaters; desegregation of schools; and right to obtain employment Eligibility rules: All people are eligible regardless of race, color, religion, or national origin. Employment protection also covers discrimination based on sex Service delivery system: Mandated that places of public accommodation remove barriers by desegregating. The U.S. attorney general is authorized to file suits to enforce rights. Financing: federal general revenue is used to fund enforcement

Answer 7

Policy goals: to provide free and appropriate public education to all children Benefits or services provided: Special education and related services. Creation and use of an individualized Education Plan (IEP) for each eligible child. Education in least restrictive environment. Eligibility rules: Children aged 3-21 with disabilities Service delivery system: Public schools provide appropriate education, multidisciplinary teams within the public schools prepare IEPs incorporating family and student input Financing: Federal funding is provided to states to encourage public education of children with disabilities

Answer 8

Policy goals: eradicate discrimination directed toward people with disabilities, increase employment opportunities and access Benefits or services: Protect right to equal opportunity in public accommodations, employment, transportation, state and local government services, and telecommunications Eligibility rules: People with a physical or mental impairment that limits one or more major life activities Service delivery system: Businesses and employers make and pay for reasonable accommodation. Department of Justice negotiates, mediates, and files suit in cases of discrimination unless they are employment related, in which case, in which case the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission handles the complaint Financing: Federal general revenue

Answer 9

Goals: fund services for sexual assault victims and screening for exposure to domestic violence and increase enforcement of protections for immigrant victims of violence To create a health care initiative that trains professionals and medical students to recognize domestic violence Benefits/services: provide services to people who have been victims of violent crimes Eligibility rules: Person must be a victim of a violent crime Service delivery system/financing: The U.S. Department of Justice oversees implementation. State and local agencies are responsible for granting services Financing: Funded by federal grants

Answer 10

Policy goals: Ensure victims of pay discrimination have opportunity to file a claim for legal recourse Benefits: Guarantees and enforces the right to equal pay; no statute of limitations applies, since each paycheck restarts the option for individuals to file a lawsuit Eligibility rules: A person must demonstrate discrimination based on Title VII in regard to being paid less than other employees Service delivery system: Requires the requirement for equal pay in the workforce. The U.S. attorney general is authorized to file lawsuits to enforce rights. Financing: Federal general revenue funds enforcement

Answer 11

Goals: Classify acts based on sexual orientation, gender, gender, identity, or disability a federal hate crime; to give federal authorities greater authority to investigate hate crimes; broaden scope of crimes falling under hate crime protections Benefits or services: provides federal assistance for the investigation and prosecution of hate crimes committed against people because of their gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability. Grants are available to law enforcement agencies that have incurred extraordinary expenses associated with the investigation and prosecution of hate crimes. Eligibility rules: Must be a victim of a hate crime, as defined in federal statute

Answer 12

- Young people who leave foster care at age 18 are often ill-prepared to live on their own. - To assist them, states can use federal funds to extend foster care to age 21. - States can also allow these young people to practice living independently, such as in a private apartment with monthly check-ins with a case worker

Answer 13

Program goals: To provide income assistance to the aged, blind, and people with disabilities who have limited income and assets. Benefits or services provided: Monthly cash benefit Eligibility rules: Means-tested; must be 65 or older, blind, or disabled. Service delivery system: Social Security Administration offices administer SSI. Funds are sent by check by U.S. mail or Electronic Bank Transfer (EBT) Financing: General federal tax revenue

Answer 14

Program goals: To help low income people who are ineligible for awaiting approval for federal assistance programs meet their survival needs Benefits or services provided: Temporary or long-term cash and/or in-kind assistance Eligibility rules: Means-tested. Eligibility varies but usually is reserved for people with very little or no income. Some states specifically restrict GA to "unemployable" people with disabilities Service delivery system: States, countries, and localities determine eligibility and provide cash, in-kind-assistance, or both Financing: Funded entirely by the states, counties, and localities that administer the program, although these entities may apply some federal funding to this purpose

Answer 15

Program goals: To decrease the impact of payroll taxes on low-income families with children, encourage people to enter the workforce, and increase work effort. Benefits/Services provided: Tax credit of up to $6,431 in 2018. Beneficiaries may use credit to reduce federal taxes owed or opt to receive a cash fund. Eligibility rules: In 2018, recipients with three or more qualifying children had to earn income below $49,194 ($54,884 for married, filing jointly); income limits for families with fewer children are lower, and tax filers with no child had to earn less than $15,270 ($20, 950 for married, filing jointly). Note that unemployment insurance does not count as earned income but may impact the amount of EITC. Service delivery system: Recipients must file tax returns with the Internal Revenue Service, which administers the program. Financing: Decreases the amount of tax revenue the federal government collects

Answer 16

To remove barriers to permanency by eliminating discrimination based on race, color, national origin of the child or the prospective parent, and by reducing the waiting time for adoption Guidelines established for placement of children with prospective parents and recruitment and retention of adoptive and foster parents All children in foster care awaiting adoption except those covered under Indian Child Welfare Act State and local child protection agencies follow guidelines that accompany federal funding Federal funds given to states

Answer 17

Policy goals: Emphasize child safety to promote and accelerate permanency for children in foster care Increase accountability of child welfare system Benefits or services provided: Accelerates permanent placement by promoting adoption and shortening time limits for termination of parental rights Eligibility requirements: Children are eligible when they are removed from their homes Service delivery system: Federal oversight of state and local child welfare agencies that implemented mandated changes Court system decides the best interests of the child, with recommendations from social workers and other professional who provide case management and therapeutic services Financing: Federal funding with some state matching funds Federal incentives given to states that increase adoptions

Answer 18

Goal: To prevent children from entering foster care by allowing federal reimbursement for prevention services such as mental health care, addiction treatment, and in-home parenting intervention Benefits or services: Allows funding previously restricted to foster care to be used for prevention services Eligibility rules: Families are eligible when their children are identified by a state, territory, or tribal entity as "candidates for foster care." Service delivery system: States and other entities provide prevention services and/or contract with private agencies to provide them. Regulations restricting operation of group homes accompanied by financial incentives governing reimbursable services. Financing: Federal funding, through Title IV-E and Title IV-B of the Social Security Act

Answer 19

-A needle and syringe programmes, also known as needle exchange program, is a social service that allows injecting drug users to obtain hypodermic needles and associated paraphernalia at little or no cost -People who inject drugs face a greater risk for contracting HIV and hepatitis C. In fact, research shows that 1 in 23 women and 1 in 36 men who use drugs intravenously will contract HIV at some point during their lifetimes.2 -Needle exchange programs can also help get users into treatment and help prevent overdoses through education and teaching users how to respond to an overdose. -Needle exchange programs can offer comprehensive care and facilitate safer methods of drug use. Their services include: Providing sterile needles and other injection equipment, Safe and secure disposal containers for needles, Disease testing and referrals for medical treatment, Education about overdose awareness and prevention and safer injection practices, Referrals for substance use disorder treatment and medication-assisted treatment, Counseling services, and Basic health services (providing vaccinations, giving out condoms) -It's free, some combine a fixed-site with a mobile outreach unit -programs vary in the type of needles provided and the types of services -some programs use the one-on-one approach- trading in one needle for another one Research shows that providing needles on an as-needed basis (as opposed to the one-to-one strategy) has higher efficacy rates. Limiting one’s needle availability creates the risk of sharing needles.

Answer 20

Vaccination policy in the United States is the subset of U.S. health policy that deals with immunization against infectious disease. It is decided at various levels of the government, including the individual states. This policy has been developed over the approximately two centuries since the invention of vaccination with the purpose of eradicating disease from the U.S. population, or creating a herd immunity. Policies intended to encourage vaccination impact numerous areas of law, including regulation of vaccine safety, funding of vaccination programs, vaccine mandates, adverse event reporting requirements, and compensation for injuries asserted to be associated with vaccination

Answer 21

Policy goals: To supplement households' food budgets To support U.S. agricultural production through the subsidy of food consumption Electronic Benefit Transfer Benefits or services provided Eligibility Rues: Adjusted monthly income less than 130 percent of federal poverty guidelines Participation in required work activities unless exempt or waives Ownership of less than $2,250 in assets unless state eliminated asset test Service Delivery System: Benefits transferred to card that can be used to purchase allowable food items at approved retailers including most grocery stores, as well as many convenience stores and farmers markets Financing: General tax revenues

Answer 22

Policy goals: To promote families by helping parents care for children in own home, support 2-parent families and discouraging out-of-wedlock pregnancies; reduce poor families' dependence on government aid by focusing on work and marriage Benefits or services: monthly case help; services to promote work and reduce dependency Eligibility rules: Means-tested; families must meet work requirements and not exceed state time limits Service delivery system: State welfare agencies determine eligibility and administer payments to eligible families Financing: Federal block grant to each state. States are required to contribute additional funding.

Final Exam review Flashcards

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