Chapter 5-8

Question 1

These began with orphans or treated children as orphans without regard for parents’ rights
Laws dealing with abuse written in the late 1800s, and first child protection agency established in NY in 1875
1935: Child welfare included in SSA
1960s: Laws focused on child maltreatment
1970s: First federal policy to prevent child maltreatment

Answer 1

What are child welfare policies?

Question 2

This is the well-being of children by assuring safety, achieving permanency, and strengthening families so that they can care for their children
Child neglect cases are the most common, although child abuse and sexual abuse are also dealt with
System impacted by demographics and privatization
Systems vary among states

Answer 2

What is the child welfare system?

Question 3

What is the relationship between poverty and child maltreatment
Poverty as a predictor of maltreatment
Impact of demographics
Strains associated with poverty

Answer 3

What is poverty and children?

Question 4

First federal government action on child welfare
Goals: to strengthen identification, reporting, and investigation of child maltreatment
Benefits: assistance to states to establish systems
Eligibility: children under age 18 at risk for, or victims of, maltreatment
Administered by DHHS with state and local agencies responsible for implementation

Answer 4

What is the Child abuse prevention and treatment act (1974)?

Question 5

Response to cultural genocide
Goals: set minimum standards for removal and placement of Indian children and termination of parental rights
Recognize and strengthen the role of tribal government
Benefits
Maintenance of children with their families in own culture
Involves tribes in decision making
Gives tribal agencies the ability to protect their own interests

Answer 5

What is the Indian Welfare Act (1978)

Question 6

This came about in 1980, and
Family preservation is goal of child welfare rather than child saving
Must make reasonable efforts to preserve the family
Permanency plan for each child in foster care
States given financial assistance for permanency planning
Foster care—time limit of 18 months before terminating parental rights
Focus on families being investigated or treated for child abuse and neglect

Answer 6

What is the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act (1980)

Question 7

T or f? Defined benefit plans pay a specific amount at retirement monthly, but these have decreased.

Answer 7

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Question 8

T or f? Defined contribution plans are the common ones, with the employees contributing to a retirement account invested but not guaranteed: these are vulnerable to market fluctuations, and few plans have a rate that gives a salary needed for retirement. Yay :)

Answer 8

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Question 9

What did ERISA do?

Answer 9

• designated duration person must be employed to participate in retirement plan, accumulate benefits, and have rights to benefits
• regulate private pensions, which most employed people have
• secure funding stream and funding mechanism for pensions

Question 10

What is true about ERISA?

Answer 10

• established adequate funding in plans for employees, guarantees people retire w benefits
• If a company terminates, Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation (PBGC) guarantees payments to employees but up to limit
• can’t cover entire benefits paid expected
• PBGC is funded by insurance premiums paid for by employers.

Question 11

T or f? Private pensions are a major factor in decreasing poverty for older people, well-being of people, and there are two types of pensions: defined benefit and contribution plans, paying a specific amount at retirement, (monthly amount), a person gets that from the time they retire as long as they survive, it even goes to their spouse after their death.

Answer 11

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Question 12

T or f? And few plans actually have a rate that provides income needed for retirement. That’s another thing for people to be thinking about and to be– few plans actually have a rate that provides income needed for retirement, so as well of having money in a retirement program, people also need to pay attention to what are their savings.And it’s not uncommon for people to actually outlive their savings

Answer 12

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Question 13

T or f? There are fewer defined benefit plans.

Answer 13

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Question 14

T or f? Researchers have found is that the defined benefit pension plans were actually more protective of financial well-being in retirement than the defined contribution, which tends to go into more risky things in the financial market, so it makes it a little more volatile.

Answer 14

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Question 15

T or f? There is another concern also with the DC, or the Defined Contribution, plans in that in some instances, people can borrow against them. So they could take money out of their contributions to put their kids through college or to buy a house or something like that, which means that they actually have– take on into their own retirement savings. So this can also impact their retirement benefits.

Answer 15

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Question 16

T or f? More and more public pensions have moved away from the defined benefit and are also going to the defined contribution, which means that people are at risk even in civil service positions in certain states. And in fact, in some states and localities where the government has become insolvent, they have not had enough money to pay for the pension benefits. So again, public pensions are moving away from defined benefits to contributions which makes it more volatile for even those who used to feel they were very secure working in a public agency.

Answer 16

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Question 17

T or f? Mental illness, depression, and dementia are not normal parts of aging. People do not normally become mentally ill, depressed, or develop dementia or Alzheimer’s disease when they age. Those are medical conditions.

Answer 17

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Question 18

T or f? What happens is that older people, as they age, encounter many losses. And many of these losses can absolutely put them at risk of mental problems, particularly, if they don’t have supports and they don’t have adequate interventions or mental health care. It is linked to higher rates of care, though, in nursing home placements.

Answer 18

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Question 19

T or f? The first person an older adult goes to are relatives, then to a physician, a general practitioner (gp) they’ve been seeing for years who does not necessarily know about geriatric issues and concerns and is likely to have the same kind of stereotypes or visions or beliefs that other people have.

Answer 19

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Question 20

T or f? The wonderful story is about the an 85-year-old or 90-year-old man who was feeling depressed and went to his physician to talk to him about feeling depressed. And the physician said to him, well, what do you want? You’re 90 years old blah, blah, blah. You’ve gone through a lot. No wonder you’re depressed. And the man said, yeah, but a few months ago I was feeling fine. Nothing’s changed. Why am I depressed? But there isn’t somebody to get in there to really intervene and find out what’s happening. Just giving a person a pill is not really mental health care and mental health services.

Answer 20

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Question 21

T or f? There’s a lot of negative stereotypes about receiving mental health care that people don’t want to go– absolutely not true. Most older adults in this cohort and the cohorts to come are really clear about mental health care. They’ve seen it, they know about it, they see it on television. And I would say the majority would like to go, would want somebody to talk to if they could find someone.

Answer 21

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Question 22

T or f? One of the problems, again, which we talked about before is that Medicare doesn’t really adequately pay geriatric psychiatrists. So it’s hard to find somebody. Same thing with geriatric social workers– most social workers are not trained in geriatric care or gerontology. So they often end up with the same kind of stereotypes of others who are treating them, and they don’t take care of them.

Answer 22

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Question 23

T or f? So there is misinformation about treatment effectiveness. We know that older adults are very receptive to treatment, particularly, things like cognitive behavioral therapy where they can understand how their thought process are causing them to think and behave in a certain way. And this can be changed. But we really, really do need skilled social workers working with this population.

Answer 23

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Question 24

T or f? Our focus has been on individuals and work and productivity and a work ethic and that we’re very involved in promoting work and that in well-being– and we talk about this earlier in the course– well-being and so forth depends upon an individual’s productivity.

Answer 24

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