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Contemporary social welfare policy > Chapter 2: Historical context... > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Historical context... Flashcards

1
Q

What was created in 1601 and codified how poverty should be dealt with in society, saying that people should keep working?

A

Elizabethean poor laws

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2
Q

How did christians consider poverty?

A

Society was to be blamed for poverty

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3
Q

What is vertical equity?

A

Vertical equity states that people who earn more should pay more through taxes

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4
Q

What is horizontal equity?

A

Horizontal equity states that we should treat people the same, and all people should pay equal in taxes

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5
Q

What is a residual approach?

A

Offers help in dire situations to the most needy when no government, organizations, people, family, or economy can help.
For example, residual approaches involve medicaid. It has been debated amongst people if medicaid should be a residual approach or not.
Taken back when people no longer need it.
Involves a safety net (1 of the 4 approaches to social welfare)

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6
Q

What is an institutional perspective?

A

Helping people is a basic and important function of society; social welfare programs are an investment to human capital, and help all people get self-fulfillment
For example, institutional approaches include social security. and education - something all people receive is a part of institutional approaches. Believing in medicare for all is an institutional approach because people believe all people should have medicare regardless, so that this would be an institutional perspective.
-Basically helping all people in society is what an institutional approach is.
-It benefits all people

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7
Q

What were some of the issues the progressive reformers were involved in?

A

Understanding the reason for poverty (that it could be structural), bring awareness to the meat packing and garment industry, work labor exploitations, exposing government corruption, 17th amendment reofrmation allowing people to vote for senators directly, women to get voting rights in 1920 and settlement house that consisted of mid to upper mid class

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8
Q

What are the 5 tiers in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

Tier 1: Physiological (warmth, rest, water, and leisure)

2: Safety (Security and safety)
3: Belongingness and love needs (intimate relationships and friends)
4: Esteem needs (prestige)
5: Self fulfillment (self actualization, reach full potential and creative activities)

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9
Q

True or false? It is fair to conclude that social workers have focused on human needs than human rights?

A

True

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10
Q

During the drafting of the UDHR, social work was interested in what?

A
  • international developments
  • child welfare programs under UNICEF
  • China/European relief programs
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11
Q

What is the social work statement?

A

Helping people get jobs, adequate income to keep their homes going, promote mental and physical well-being, educate, and allow opportunities to express your religion.

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12
Q

True or false? In its’ initial years, social work hugely took part in human rights, taking part in leadership even before the United Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).

A

True (Social work started with human rights and had leadership roles even before the implementation of the UDHR)

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13
Q

True or false?

From 1945 to the 1980’s there was involvement and leadership but not so much international leadership.

A

True- we were involved with leadership roles in human rights, long before the UDHR, but not on an international level.

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14
Q

Lack of visibility in the human rights field may be explained by what?

A

Limited involvement (participation) in international issues (affairs)

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15
Q

True or false? There was lack of visibility in the human rights field internationally in the 1940’s and 1950’s.

A

False.

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16
Q

What was the focus of social work during the 1940’s and 1950’s?

A
  • reconstruction and postwar relief efforts
  • social work education
  • training
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17
Q

True or false? Starting with the International federation of social worker (IFSW) policy statement in the year of 1988, official professional participation in human rights has increased.

A

True

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18
Q

True or false? International (external) recognition of social work contributions remains limited.

A

True

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19
Q

What did IFSW form in the year of 1988 to advocate on behalf of persecuted (ostracized, isolated, deserted) social workers?

A

Human Rights Commission

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20
Q

T or false? The Human Rights Commission became directly involved with East Timor situation and has advocated for many social workers who were victims of human rights abuses or even harassed for their humanitarian work.

A

True

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21
Q

True or false? Since 1988, cases of social workers in Grenada, South Africa, Malaysia, Guatemala, Columbia, Israel, the USA, Chile, and more have been addressed.

A

True

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22
Q

True or false? The Human Rights Commission formed in 1988 in order to advocate on the behalf of persecuted social workers issues statements to governments on other human rights violations.

A

True

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23
Q

True or false? The location of the headquarters of IFSW in Geneva advanced its involvement in human rights issues via UN.

A

True

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24
Q

True or false? The values and principles expressed in the IFSW policy statement on human rights adopted in 1988 and revised in 1996- and the UN manual have been underscored in all recent documents issued by IFSW and IASSW, especially the International Definition Of Social work including the phrase: ‘Principles of human rights and social justice are fundamental to social work’

A

True

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25
Q

The 2004 ethics document cites and defines what?

A

-7 human rights treaties

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26
Q

True or false? More recently, professional involvement in human rights action and scholarship has intensified, and has resulted in the publication of a number of books on human rights and social work.

A

True

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27
Q

True or false? Publication of a manual on human rights and social work in the early 1990’s by the UN, while working with IFSW and IASSW was a huge achievement.

A

True

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28
Q

True or false? IFSW has issued a manual on children’s rights.

A

True

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29
Q

What does the manual “Human Rights and Social Work” state?

A

Social work educators are more self-aware and conscious than other professions that their concern is related to human rights, and respecting human rights. They acknowledge or accept that human rights, and basic freedoms may not be divided, and we have to realize economic and social rights to realize civil and political rights. Human rights can’t be separated from the theory of social work, values, and ethics, and so advocating for human rights is important even in countries that have authoritarian regimes.

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30
Q

True or false? The 1950 Conference described by Kendall (1978) as the first real conference that happened after the war was held where?

A

In Paris, July, 19 months after adopting the UDHR

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31
Q

True or false? If a police officer is discovered to violate their oath, then they shall move to another state and they lose their record, and in the law or proposal with travel with that person that is part of the background check that they would have access to those records and that individual’s behavior.

A

True

32
Q

In the city of Cincinatti, what happened in the late 1990’s and the early 2000’s?

A

12 African American on our men will kill with them for many years of each other

33
Q

True or false? The searching of social work discussion and other reactions to UDHR adoptions hasn’t gotten much of an answer.

A

True

34
Q

True or false? There were not many human rights references in review of the Proceedings of the International Conferences of Social work from 1948 to early 50’s.

A

True

35
Q

True or false? In 1948, the International Conference met in the month of April in Atlantic City and New York, and these meetings were closely linked to the Social Commission of the UN featuring presentation on the Social Commission, the International Children’s Emergency Fund which is now UNICEF, the ILO, the International Refugee Organization, and the World Health Organization, but there were no mention of human rights or the continued process of creating the declaration.

A

True

36
Q

Human rights movement is interdisciplinary. True or false?

A

True

37
Q

True or false? Jane Addams was born in the USA, was a local and international activist of human rights, and was a huge part of women suffrage, immigrant education, healthcare, children rights, housing, peace, and progressive education.

A

True

38
Q

True or false? Julia Lathrop and Grace Abbott served on League of nations human rights committees. Which of these two women led efforts of the League Committee on the Traffic in Women and Children serving as the 1st US delegate to the International Labor Organization (ILO)?

A

Grace Abott

39
Q

True or false? Article 22 of the UDHR states that all people in society have the right to social security, and the realization of economic, social, and cultural rights, and the development of personality.

A

True

40
Q

True or false? Article 25 of the UDHR expands on Article 24, and states that all people have the right to an appropriate living standard that is adequate for health and their well-being including food, clothing, housing, and medical care, and if necessary, social services, and the freedom to security in cases of not having work, sickness (illness), widowhood, old age, and the lack of life in events (cases) beyond one’s control or capacity.

A

True

41
Q

2008 marks the celebration of what 2 events?

A

-80th anniversary: 1st International Conference of Social work which was a meeting that created the International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW), International Council on Social Welfare (ICSW) International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW); 60th anniversary: adopting Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

42
Q

What can municipal mean?

A

-Macro

43
Q

True or false? Research indicates that about 95% of adult smokers begin to smoke before they turn 21. People can become addicted to it. Within a couple of months, federal legislation occurred. It was macro.

A

True

44
Q

True or false? There are 330 million who live in the U.S.

A

True

45
Q

True or false? President Trump signed legislation changing the federal food drug and cosmetic act transitioned from 18 to 21. It is called T-21 as an abbreviation, and it includes cigarettes, cigars, e-cigars. This is an example of social welfare policy and action.

A

True

46
Q

True or false? T-21 was a policy introduced in Ohio in the year of 2019 and in New Jersey in 2017 making it illegal for retailers to sell cigarettes, or tobacco containing products to people under the age of 21.

A

True

47
Q

What was the desired policy outcome of the summer 2020 protests?

A

Retrain and defund the police, end police brutality

48
Q

True or false? The case in Milwaukee was different in that there was a chief of police that testified in the court of the law that his officer did something that he was not trained to do; for example, putting your knee on somebody’s neck (the case of George Floyd).

A

True

49
Q

True or false? Cash for clunkers was also known as the “Car Allowance Rebate System” (CARS) and was a $3 billion scrappage program aiming to give economic incentives to United States residents to buy a new, more fuel-efficient vehicle. The program was provided as a post-recession stimulus program to increase auto sales while putting more fuel efficient vehicles on the roads. The program officially started in July 1, 2009 and processing of claims started in July 24th, 2009 - and the program ended on August 24th, 2009 when there were no longer any funds left for the program. In response to the exhaustion of the funds, Congress approved $ 2 billion.

A

True

50
Q

What is affirmative action?

A
  • policies that compensate for discrimination against marginalized groups
  • gives preferential access to education and employment
  • led to concerns about reverse discrimination
  • remains controversial
51
Q

T or f? WIN and other job programs rolled into an increasingly restrictive safety net, provided training, and work experience.

A

T

52
Q

What does a Increasingly Restrictive Safety Net do?

A
  • 1998 Family Support Act Work requirement for parents children older than three
  • 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (PRWORA)
  • Caps amount of money states get from federal government & # of months on “welfare” at 60
53
Q

Why is social welfare response increasingly restrictive?

A
  • Devolution: changes flow of money and power from federal government to states away from localities
  • Block grants provided money directly to state—state plans and allocates funds—rationale more coordinated planning
  • Provided about 25% less funding
54
Q

What were some social and political changes?

A
  • Political polarization culminating in 1994 Contract with America.
  • Social polarization in many areas: schools, health care, housing
55
Q

What were supply side economics?

A

-Free markets would automatically provide full employment
-Everyone who wanted a job would have one
Poverty individual failing
-As long as workers were flexible in their wage demands

56
Q

What were some economic policy changes?

A
  • War on poverty overshadowed by resources allocated to Vietnam War
  • Shift to supply-side economics “Reaganomics,” “trickle-down” policy
  • Tax cuts for investors and entrepreneurs incentives to save and invest, benefits that trickle down into the overall economy
57
Q

What did the Supplemental Security Income 1972 do?

A
  • End of an era
  • Combined all three categorical assistance provisions of Social Security Act, OAA, AB, and APTD
  • Federalized public assistance for adult poor who were clearly considered unemployable
58
Q

What was the earned income tax credit 1975 (EIC)?

A
  • 1975 EITC
  • Tax credit to families whose incomes below federal poverty line
  • Continues to take many out of poverty
59
Q

What is family assistance?

A
  • Proposed under Nixon-cash assistance for all families whose incomes fell below certain level
  • Would have required all able-bodied to work or enter job training
  • Liberals opposed as minimal level very low and opposed work requirements
  • Conservatives opposed to increase federal spending
  • Many countries have child or family allowances
60
Q

What is true about the waning war on poverty?

A

-War on poverty overshadowed by resources allocated to Vietnam War
-Vietnam about 133 billion in unadjusted dollars
1970 budget, for example
-947 billion Vietnam
-24 billion welfare

61
Q

What are some examples of education opportunities?

A
  • Head Start (preschool for poor children)
  • Upward Bound (encouraged bright poor children to go to college)
  • Job Corp (for school dropouts)
  • Addresses unemployment and structural inequality of opportunities
  • Neighborhood youth corp (for jobless teens)
62
Q

What did community action agencies do?

A
  • Implement programs at local level

- Empower communities with advocacy

63
Q

What did the the Economic Opportunity Act 1964 do?

A
  • Job training
  • Educational opportunities
  • Community empowerment
64
Q

What was the Food Stamp Act of 1964?

A
  • Means tested
  • Excludes prepared food, alcohol, tobacco nonfood products
  • Federally administered
65
Q

What was seen in Great Society Healthcare?

A
  • Medicare: national health care for all over 65
  • Medicaid: health care for poor
  • Access to health care addresses poverty based in structural inequalities
66
Q

What did the Civil Right Act of 1964 do?

A
  • Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
  • Established Equal Opportunity Employment Commission for redress
67
Q

What act tackled the war on poverty?

A

-Economic opportunity Act

EOA

68
Q

What acts were a part of The Great Society?

A
  • Civil Rights act
  • Health care
  • Food Stamps act
69
Q

What are some community organizing principles?

A
  • Every person has power
  • collective power of many can force decision-makers to pay attention and act
  • Organizing: this power can be used to influence the decisions of those who have power to better the community and extract resources from them
70
Q

What happened after the War?

A
  • Economic period of prosperity full employment.
  • McCarthyism
  • Cold war
  • The social welfare sector responds
  • Poverty individual failing
  • Social consolidation of professional status—ego oriented and problem solving models of casework
71
Q

What is Old Age Insurance (OASDI)?

A
  • Progressive in that workers with history of lower wages did get somewhat more proportionally in benefits
  • Intergenerational compact with workers contributions immediately distributed to those eligible
  • Assumes there would be enough workers contributing to the fund to cover the benefits; this is referred to as the dependency ratio
72
Q

T or f? In 1993, the 18th Amendment became the only amendment to the U.S. Constitution to ever be repealed

A

-T

73
Q 
163. From the mid-nineteenth century through the early twentieth century, reformers pressed vigorously for improve 
A) Orphan care
B) Child labor laws
C) Children’s health improve programs
D) All of the above
A

D) All of the above

74
Q

T or f? State mothers’ pensions decreased and collapsed during Great Depression of 1930s, when it became clear the federal government had appropriate tax base to support poor families during economic downturns

A

-T

75
Q

T or f? Historians like Theda Skocpol (1993) defined mothers’ pension movement as effort to establish maternalistic rather than paternalistic approach to family

A

-T

76
Q

T or f? Critics feared putting money into hands of poor money would encourage men to abandon families

A

-T

77
Q 
166. During the Progressive Era, the federal government started to assume responsibility for 
A) child protection
B) workplace regulation
C) consumer protection
D) All of the above
A

D) all of the above

Contemporary social welfare policy (12 decks)

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