Final Exam pt 6 Flashcards
what area of psychology Pavlov: (theories/research)
(Russian Physiologist)
Both occur naturally
-UCS- food is a unconditioned stimulus
-UCR- salivating is an unconditioned response
Both are conditioned
CS- bell is conditioned stimulus, as food
CR- salivation to the bell is a conditioned response
what area of psychology Skinner: (theories/research)
- Elaborated on Law of Effect (Thorndike)
- Operant (or Instrumental) conditioning
- A behavior is instrumental in producing a reinforcement, or avoiding a punishment
what area of psychology Bandura: (theories/research)
Social Learning
- Modeling and imitation
- Antisocial- inappropriate behaviors (bby saying bad words)
- pro social- appropriate behaviors (saying please and thank you)
ex. Bobo doll experiment
what area of psychology Watson: (theories/research)
- behaviorism
- trained little Albert to to fear white, soft things (white rats w/ loud noise)
- Associative learning
what area of psychology Maslow : (theories/research)
- Humanistic Psychology
- stresses a POSITIVE view of human nature & the strong belief in psychological homeostasis
Be able to determine the UCS, UCR, CS, and CR in Pavlov’s research with the dogs.
-(UCS) Unconditioned Stimuli- Food elicits response naturally
-(UCR) Unconditioned Response-Salivation response occurs naturally
-(CS) Conditioned Stimuli- Trained to hear the bell & think food
-(CR) Conditioned Response- produced salivation
*stimulus- can be changed, reaction- stays the same
(created by Pavlo)
Know the difference between reinforcement and punishment as well as negative reinforcement and Positive reinforcement.
Shaping guides a natural behavior toward a desired behavior
- reinforcement (increases a behavior)
- Punishment(Decreases behavior)
The three steps in basic memory processing
- Encoding (info. processed) Acquisition
- Storage retention (stores info)
- retrial (retrieve when needed)
What is the definition of psychology?
The science of behavior and mental processes (Study of mind & Behavior(Mental))
Be very familiar with the different perspectives and subfields
- -Clinical Psychology(assessment and treatment of mental illness and disability.)
- -Cognitive and perceptual psychology(How we perceive and process information)
- -counseling psychology(encompasses research and applied work)
- -Developmental psychology( the social and mental development of children)
- -Experimental psychology(scientific investigation of basic psychological processes such as learning, memory, and cognition in humans and animals.)
- -Health psychology(psychological and behavioral processes in health)
- -Industrial/ Organizational psychology(scientific study of employees, workplaces, and organization)
- -Neuropsychologists and Behavioral Neuropsychology( relationships between the brain and behavior)
- -Quantitative and measurement psychology( methods and techniques of human attributes, the statistical and mathematical modeling of psychological processes)
- -Social Psychology.(social interactions, including their origins and their effects on the individual)
Where was the first psychology lab established? By whom? When?
in Leipzig Germany in 1879 and by Wilhelm Wundt
Who was William James and what was his contribution to the field of psychology
William James,
considered the first psychologist
-Studied all aspects of human behavior(The James-Lange Theory of Emotion)
-Principles of Psychology in 1890
Why are the words “it depends” so important for psych questions?
Because it depends on individual and situation given
Why can psychology be considered a science?
Psychology uses systematic observations and experimentation just like other sciences.
Brain evolution:
- brain stem is the Cerebellum (Movement coordination, balance)connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord(midbrain, medulla oblongata, and the pons)
- Limbic System ( this system include the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and thalamus.are involved in memory emotions drives)Donut shaped
- Cerebral Cortex- layer of the brain referred to as gray matter. It is the outer portion of the cerebrum(language and information processing)
