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Spring > Final Exam Patho Ppt > Flashcards

Final Exam Patho Ppt Flashcards

1
Q

What degenerative disorder of the CNS is caused by the death of neurons that produce dopamine?

A

Parkinson’s disease

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2
Q

What disease has symptoms of tremors, flat affect, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability

A

Parkinson’s disease

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3
Q

What are extrapyramidal symptoms of Parkinsonism

A

Acute dystonias
Akathisia
Tar-dive dyskinesia

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4
Q

What drug is levodopa and its side effects

A

Anti Parkinson drug
Dopamine precursor; dopamine enhancing drug combination restoring dopamine in extrapyramidal areas of brain.
Side effects
Uncontrolled, purposeless movements
Nausea and vomiting
Orthostatic hypotension
Muscle twitches

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5
Q

What drug is Benztropine and its side effects

A

Antiparkinson
Centrally acting cholinergic receptor blocker
Side effects
Dry mouth
Blurred vision
Tachycardia
Urinary retention
Constipation

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6
Q

What drug is donepezil (aricept) administered alert and side effects

A

It is a cholinesterase inhibitor.
Used for Alzheimer’s disease
Administer at bedtime
Side effects
Bradycardia
Diarrhea
Dizziness/syncope
Hepatotoxic and neohrotoxic

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7
Q

What drug is Glatiramer (copaxone) its side effects

A

It is a synthetic protein decreasing the body’s attack of the myelin. Used for relapsing forms of MS
Side effects
Flushing
Chest pain
Weakness
Infection

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8
Q

What is the drug cyclobenzaprine and its side effects

A

Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant
Not effective in cases of Cerebral palsy or spinal cord injury
Side effect
Dizziness
Drowsiness
Blurred vision
Dry mouth
Rash
Tachycardia

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9
Q

What is drug dantrolene sodium, uses and side effects

A

Skeletal muscle relaxer and calcium release blocker used for malignant hyperthermia
Useful for muscle spasms associated with CP or CNS injury
Side effects
Can cause liver damage/hepatitis
Drowsiness
Dizziness

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10
Q

What is drug RimabotulinumtoxinB (myobloc)

A

The only botulism toxin type b drug used specifically for cervical dystonia.

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11
Q

What is the antidote to cyclobenzaprine overdose

A

Physostigmine

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12
Q

Non depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs do what

A

Compete with acetylcholine for the receptor- causing the muscle to be relaxed as long as it is in the receptor.

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13
Q

What are adverse effects of depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs and name an example of one

A

Adverse effects:
Persistent paralysis in some patients, elevated blood levels of potassium, malignant hyperthermia, and post operative muscle pain.

Example : succinylcholine used for very short duration during intubation.

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14
Q

What is the drug Rocuronium used for and side effects

A

It is a nondepolarizing blocker
Used during short procedures and intubation

Side effects:
Muscle relaxation- including respiratory muscles

Neostigmine reverses Rocuronium effects

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15
Q

What do the drugs Estradiol and Norethindrone used for and the side effects

A

Oral contraceptives.
Side effects:
Nausea
Breast tenderness
HA
Break through bleeds
Black box warning:
Cigarette smoking increases risk of serious cardiovascular adverse effects with estrogen.

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16
Q

What are examples of Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs)

A

Depot injection
Vaginal ring
IUD

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17
Q

What drug is evonorgestrel (planb, plan b step one) administration alerts and side effects

A

Prevents implantation If used within 72 hrs (plan b) or 120 hrs (plan b step one) of intercourse
Side effects
Nausea and vomiting
HA
Heavy menstrual bleeds

18
Q

What are conjugated estrogens and what are they used for

A

Cenestin, Enjuva, Premarin
Estrogen hormone replacement therapy used for palliative treatment of prostate cancer and certain breast cancers

19
Q

What is black cohosh used for

A

To manage menopausal symptoms

20
Q

Medroxyprogesterone( depo-provera) is used for what and what side effects

A

It’s a progestin used for dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Can be used to prevent pregnancy also. PO or IM
Side effects
Increased risk of blood clots
Weight gain
Depression

21
Q

What are oxytocic drugs

A

They stimulate uterine contractions to promote induction of labor

22
Q

What are tocolytic drugs

A

They inhibit uterine contractions during premature labor

23
Q

What are side effects of the drug oxytocin

A

Side effects:
Rapid, painful uterine contractions
Fetal tachycardia can lead to uterine rupture (greater risk for those who have previously received oxytocin)
This drug is Iv infusion used to stimulate uterine contractions

24
Q

What are the diagnostic “rules” to be considered infertile

A

Not able to conceive after at least one year of trying

25
Q

What drug is clomiphene (clinic, serophene)

A

Traditional drug for female infertility
Stimulates the release of LH, resulting in maturation of more ovarian follicles than would normally occur.
High pregnancy rate and increased chance of multiples

26
Q

What is hypogonadism and its symptoms

A

It is caused by lack of testosterone, can be congenital or acquired later
Symptoms:
Sparse hair
Increased body fat
Small testes
ED
Low sperm count

27
Q

What are side effects of testosterone patch or IM injections

A

Edema
Liver damage
Acne
Skin irritation
Increased risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulants

28
Q

What diseases can cause ED

A

Atherosclerosis, diabetes, CKD, stroke, HTN
Also smoking and depression

29
Q

What is the drug Sildenafil (viagra), admin alerts, and side effects

A

It’s used for ED. Relaxes the smooth muscles in the corpora cavernosa.
Decreased absorption if taken with meals (high fat especially)
Side effects
Hypotension. No nitrates!!! Avoid grapefruit juice

30
Q

What is the drug Tadalafil (cialis)

A

Used for ED.
Works in 30 min
Prolonged duration of 24-36 hours
Can be used for pulmonary hypertension and daily dosing for BPH

31
Q

What is the drug Doxazosin used for and side effects

A

It is an alpha 1 adrenergic blocker
Used in bph
Can cause hypotension so monitor bp
Vasodilation of arteries and veins and relaxes smooth muscle around prostate

32
Q

What is the drug Finesteride and side effects

A

It is used for BPH
Promotes shrinking of enlarged prostates and restores urinary function
Can cause decreased libido

33
Q

what is the difference between clonic and tonic muscle spasms

A

tonic= single prolonged contraction.
clonic = multiple rapidly repeating muscle contractions.

34
Q
A
35
Q

What is Glatiramer used for

A

Relapsing forms of MS

36
Q

What antiparkinsons drug is a dopamine precursor and dopamine enhancing combo

A

Levodopa carbidopa

37
Q

What herbal supplement may worsen the symptoms of Parkinson’s

A

Kava kava

38
Q

Which antiparkinsons drug is a centrally acting cholinergic receptor blocker?

A

Benztropine
It is used to suppress tremors but not effective at relieving tardive dyskinesia

39
Q

Contraindications for Benztropine

A

Narrow angle glaucoma
Myasthenia gravis
Severe constipation
Blockage of urinary tract
Enlarged prostate
Liver disease

40
Q

What class of drug are used for Alzheimer’s

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors
(Donepezil)

41
Q

What class of drug are used for Alzheimer’s

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors
(Donepezil)

Spring (11 decks)

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