402 Exam 1 Ppt Flashcards
What do chemical mediators do
They act as alarms to notify surrounding area of injury
What are the 3 steps in acute inflammation
- Cellular injury
- Release of chemical mediators
- Chemical mediators cause: vasodilation, edema, cellular infiltration, thrombosis, pain.
What are 5 things chemical mediators cause
(VECTP)
Vasodilation
Edema
Cellular infiltration
Thrombosis
Pain
What life threatening condition is caused by the rapid release of inflammatory mediators on a large scale throughout the body.
Anaphylaxis
What are adverse effects of Asprin
GI bleeding and gastric upset.
Dizziness, tinnitus, HA
If a patient is receiving warfarin or heparin can they also have asprin
No
Can children have asprin
No.
What class is asprin
Non opioid analgesic; NSAID, antipyretic
Asprin can reduce incidence of what
Stroke and also reduces risk of mortality after MI
What are the 3 symptoms ibuprofen is used for
Pain, fever, inflammation
Adverse effects of ibuprofen
Nausea
Heartburn
Dizziness
Can increase BP (Na retention)
Nephrotoxicity
Bleeding
Black box warning for Ibuprofen
Increased risk of serious thrombotic events, MI, and stroke
What does acetaminophen treat
Fever and pain
Acetaminophen effect what organ adversely and has a black box warning for it
Liver - it can cause severe or fatal liver injury
Antidote for acetaminophen
N-acetylcysteine
What is prednisone used for
Severe inflammation
Adverse affects of prednisone
Mood swings
Weight gain
Na retention and edema
K loss
Hyperglycemia
Immunosuppressive ; increases risk of infections
If mom has negative blood type and the father is positive, RhoGAM will do what and when is it given
It’s given at 28 weeks and it prevents the mom’s body from making antibodies against baby’s cells.
What is HBIG (who and when is it recommended)
Hepatitis B immune globulin.
It prevents hepatitis b from being passed from mom to baby during childbirth
What is the schedule for the hepatitis b series
2nd dose given 1 month after first
3 dose given 6 months after first dose
First dose given following birth.
Cyclosporine is what kind of drug
Adverse effects
Interactions
DMARD
Immunosuppressant by inhibiting helper T cells
Reduced urinary output
HTN
Tremor
Grapefruit
Phenytoin
Rifampin
What inflammatory disorders would you use immunosuppressant therapy for
RA
Lupus
Ankylosis spondylitis
Black box warning for cyclosporine
Serious risk for infections when taking this medication
Nephrotoxic at high doses
What are signs of transplant rejection
Increased Cr and BUN
Decreased urine output
Flu like symptoms
Hypertension
Tachycardia
What are the first mass produced antibiotic isolated from fungus
Penicillins
Most common adverse effect of penicillin
Allergy
(Rash, pruritis, fever)
How long would you observe a patient who you just administered penicillin to, for an allergic reaction
30 minutes
What are adverse effects of penicillin
Diarrhea
Nausea
Vomiting
Anaphylaxis
Which drug class is similar to penicillin and previous penicillin allergy should be considered when prescribed this
Cephalosporin
Should erythromycin be taken with or without food?
On an empty stomach with full glass of water.
Adver effects of erythromycin
Nausea/vomiting
Dizziness
Hearing loss
What class antibiotic is Erythromycin
Macrolide
Do not give erythromycin immediately before or after fruit juices
T/f
T
What class of antibiotic is gentamicin
Aminoglycoside.
What class of antibiotics are reserved generally for serious systemic infections
Aminoglycosides
Black box warning for Gentamicin
(NONN)
Neurotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Neuromuscular blockade and Respiratory paralysis
Adverse effects for Gentamicin
Rash
Nausea/ vomiting
Fatigue
What would you want to monitor trough levels for with gentamicin administration
To avoid toxic levels
Administration alerts for Ciprofloxacin
Administer 4hrs before antacids or ferrous sulfate
Black box warning for ciprofloxacin
Tendinitis and tendon rupture may occur.
What class of drug is ciprofloxacin
Fluoroquinolone
Adverse effects of ciprofloxacin
Nausea/vomiting, diarrhea
Adverse effects of metronidazole (flagyl)
Nause/vomiting
Dizziness
Dryness of mouth and metallic taste.
What antibiotic drug disrupts nucleus acid synthesis
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
What part of pregnancy is flagyl contraindicated for
First trimester
What kind of bacteria does Vancomycin fight
Severe Gram positive infections
Adverse effects of vancomycin
Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxic
Red Man Syndrome. : Hypotension with flushing and a red rash. (Occurs with rapid IV admin because of large histamine release in body.
What is the most effective drug for treating MRSA infections
Vancomycin
With Vancomycin administration what do you monitor
Peaks and troughs.
What type of precaution is used for TB
Airborne
How long is TB treatment usually
6-12 months
What are symptoms of TB
Low grade fever
Lethargy
Hemoptysis (blood through mouth from bronchi, or lungs)
Cough and or SOB
Can you treat TB with one antibiotic?
No 2-4 will be administered concurrently
What is the first line drug for TB
Ethambutol
What are adverse effects of ethambutol
Nausea/vomiting
HA
Dizziness
Optic neuritis
Anaphylaxis
What are the most common medications prescribed together for TB
Isoniazid
Rifampin
Pyrazinamide
Rifampin side effect on urine
Turns it orange
What are 3 types of mycobacteria infections
TB
Leprosy
Mycobacterium avium complex(MAC) (most commonly seen in patients with AIDS
Isoniazid should be given when in regards to food?
1 hr after or 2 hours prior to meals
Common fungal infection of skin, nail, oral cavity. Symptoms of white patches or bright red rash
Candidiasis
Common fungal infection of scalp which is characterized by scaly, red and itchy
Ringworm of scalp (tinea capitis )
What is Nystatin used for
What forms does it come in
How do you store it
Superficial anti fungal
Cream, ointment, powder, tablet, and lozenge forms.
Store at room temp.
What is the drug Zidovudine (retrovir) used for. Its class. Administration alert and black box warning
Used to treat HIV infection
It is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
Take on empty stomach with full glass of water. Avoid juice.
Black box= lactic acidosis, bone marrow suppression resulting in anemia.
How is hepatitis A spread
Oral-fecal route
(Commonly caused by contaminated food)
How is hep C transmitted
Through Exposure to infected blood or body fluids
Is there a vaccine for hepatitis A or C?
Yes for A, no for C
70% of Hepatitis C patients develop what
Chronic hepatitis
What is the pharmacotherapy for chronic hepatitis C ?
Combination of 2-3 antivirals concurrently.
What is the drug cyclophosphamide used for and its class
It’s an antineoplastic(anti cancer tumor)
It’s an alkylating agent; nitrogen mustard. Which is a powerful immunosuppressant
Cyclophosphamide has what side effects
Bone marrow suppression
Increases risk of severe infections
Reversible alopecia
Methotrexate type of drug and how it works
Antineoplastic
Antimetabolite; folic acid analog
(It blocks the synthesis of folic acid)
Methotrexate administration alerts
Avoid sun exposure
Black box warning for methotrexate
Bone marrow suppression
Hepatotoxic
What class of drug is Tamoxifen and its adverse effects
Hormone antagonist used to treat cancer tumors.
Adverse effects are :
Hot flashes
Insomnia
Breast enlargement/pain
ha
How old do you need to be to get the shingles vaccine
Over 50
Cyclophosphamide can result in sterility
T/f
T
A client is receiving methotrexate (MTX, Rheumatrex, Trexall). Which assessment finding should the nurse find most concerning?
Weight loss
Diarrhea
Headache
Immunosuppression
Diarrhea ( risk of hemorrhaging)
What are examples of process barriers in the non specific immune system
Fever, complement, phagocytes, inflammation.
