402 Exam 2 Flashcards
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter of what system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter of what system
Sympathetic nervous system
Cholinergic receptors are a part of what nervous system division
Parasympathetic nervous system
Adrenergic receptors are a part of what do ion of the nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
If the parasympathetic nervous at this activated, what responses would you find with : pupils, salivary glands, heart rate, bronchioles, digestion, gallbladder, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs
Pupil constricts
Salivation stimulated
Heart rate slows
Bronchioles constrict
Digestion stimulated
Gallbladder stimulated
Bladder constricts
Erection and vaginal lubrication
What drugs stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system
Cholinergic agents or parasympathomimetics
What drugs inhibit parasympathetic nervous system
Cholinergic blocking agents, Anticholinergics, parasympatholytics, or muscadine blockers.
Bethanechol (Urecholine) is what kind of a medication and for what
No obstructive urinary retention drug
Muscadine cholinergic receptor drug
Activates parasympathetic nervous system used for glaucoma, urinary retention, myasthenia gravis and Alzheimer’s.
Effects mostly the digestive and urinary tracts to stimulate the smooth muscle contraction.
Useful following general anesthesia to increase GI contractions
And in urinary retention due to lack of muscle tone
Adverse effects of cholinergic drugs
Salivation, sweating
Lacrimation
Urinary frequency
Diarrhea
GI effects
Emelia
Decreased heart rate and BP
What needs to be monitored after cholinergic administration
BP, pulse, and respirations
Extreme caution when administering Bethanechol with what disorders
Active ulcer
Suspected obstruction
Inflammatory disease
What is the treatment for an overdose of Bethanechol
Atropine sulfate (Anticholinergics drug)
Subq or iv
Nursing considerations for cholinergic administration
Monitor liver enzymes
Calculate and monitor doses
Monitor intake and output
Monitor for blurred vision
Monitor for orthostatic hypotension
What type of drug suppresses the parasympathetic division and induces fight or flight symptoms and inhibits parasympathetic impulses
Anticholinergics
What are some anticholinergic drug uses
PUD
Ophthalmic procedures
Heart rhythm abnormalities
Anesthesia adjunct
Asthma copd
Overactive bladder
Parkinson’s
What are nursing considerations for anticholinergic drugs
Monitor muscle strength and neuromuscular status
Monitor ptosis, diploma, and chewing
Schedule medication around meals
Schedule activities to avoid fatigue
Monitor for muscle weakness
Atropine is what type of drug used for what
Antidote for anticholinesterase poisoning
Muscadine cholinergic receptor blocker
Inhibits PNS
What are adverse effects of atropine
Can’t see
Can’t pee
Can’t spit
Can’t shit
Tachycardia, cns stimulation (delirium/coma) decrease sweating.
What needs to be monitored with Atropine administration subq and Iv
BP, pulse, and respirations for at least one hour (will be increased)
Patients with glaucoma should or should not take atropine?
Not. It can increase pressure within eye
Atropine can do what interaction with antihistamines
Increase the effects
Treatment of atropine od
Short acting barbiturate or diazepam to control convulsions
physostigmine is an antidote; quickly reverses coma caused by large amounts of atropine.
Parasympathomimetics are contraindicated in patients with
Parkinson’s
BPH or urinary obstructive disorders.
PUD
Bradycardia
Asthma
Parasympathomimetics increase PSNS
Parasympatholytics inhibit PSNS
Yep
With Parkinson’s disease would you use a parasympatholytic or parasympathomimetic
Parasympatholytic!
Sympathomimetics activate what
Sympathetic nervous system
(Fight or flight)
Drugs targeting Alpha 1 receptor in SNS activate what
Pupillary dilation and vasoconstriction
Drugs targeting the alpha 2 receptors of the SNS activate what response
Inhibition of the release of norepinephrine
Targeting the beta 1 receptors of the SNS activates what responses
Increased heart rate
Increased contractility
Release of renin from kidneys
Targeting beta 2 receptors of the SNS activates what response
Inhibition of smooth muscle
Targeting beta 3 receptors in the SNS activates what responses
Lipolysis (breakdown fat)
Relaxation of detrusor muscle (in bladder)
Contraindications for sympathomimetics
Narrow angle glaucoma
Heart disease
Sympathlytics do what
Decrease the SNS reactions
Prior to administering any pharmacology therapy for TB what baseline testing should be done
Liver function
Vision
Hearing
Latent TB is contagious
True or false
False.
What is trachoma
Chronic conjunctivitis caused by chlamydia.
