Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

J2 - Med Surg > Final Exam: Disorders of the Thyroid Gland (Unit 11) > Flashcards

Final Exam: Disorders of the Thyroid Gland (Unit 11) Flashcards

1
Q

The Thyroid produces what 3 hormones ?

A
  • Thyroxine (T4)
  • Triiodothyrone (T3)
  • Calcitonin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

90% of hormone secreted by the Thyroid is what ?

A

Thyroxine (T4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which Thyroid hormone is more potent, T3 or T4 ?

A

T3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The Thyroid gland works in what type of feedback loop ?

A

Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When circulating levels of thyroid hormone are low, _______ (_________ _______________ __________) is released by the hypothalamus ?

A

TRH (Thyrotropin releasing hormone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When TRH is released by the hypothalamus, it causes what ?

A

causes TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) to be released by the anterior pituitary gland)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

TSH stimulates the production and release of what ?

A

T3 and T4 in the thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is TSH produced ?

A

Anterior pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thyroid cells are stimulated to grow, which may result in what ?

A

Overactive (hyperthyroidism) or Underactive (hypothyroidism) thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The most common cause of Thyroid issues worldwide is what ?

A

Lack of iodine in the diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In the US what is the most common cause of thyroid issues ?

A

Over or under production of thyroid hormones or nodules that develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a Goiter ?

A

Enlargement of the Thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

_____ & ____ levels are measured to determine whether a goiter is associated with hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, or normal thyroid function ?

A

TSH & T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Thyroid __________ are measured to assess for thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid) ?

A

Antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the Tx for Goiters to prevent further enlargement ?

A

Tx with thyroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the Tx for large Goiters ?

A

Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Levothyroxine ?

A

Synthetic thyroid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Thyroid nodules may be _______ (95%) or __________ ?

A

Benign (95%) or Malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Most thyroid cancers are what ?

A

Treatable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a Sign of Thyroid Cancer ?

A

Presences of painless, palpable nodule(s) in an enlarged thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Thyroid cancer can metastasize to what ?

A

cervical nodes, and obstruct trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are s/s of an enlarged thyroid gland ?

A
  • Changes in voice (increased Hoarseness)

- Difficulty swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the best diagnostic test to test for Malignant Thyroid cancer ?

A

Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the Tx for Thyroid nodules and cancer ?

A
  • Radiation

- Partial or total thyroidectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What Is Thyroiditis ?

A

Inflammation of the thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Acute thyroiditis is due to what type of infections ?

A

Bacterial or Fungal infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis is thought to be cause by what type of infection ?

A

Viral infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is another name for Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis ?

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis ?

A

Thyroid tissue is replaced by lymphocytes and fibrous (scar) tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Recovery from thyroiditis (viral, bacterial, fungal) usually occurs when ?

A

within weeks to months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Acute thyroiditis caused by bacteria can be treated how ?

A

with Antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How can subacute thyroiditis (viral) be treated ?

A

NSAIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Myxedema coma falls under what type thyroid dysfunction ?

A

Hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Thyroid storm falls under what thyroid dysfunction ?

A

Hyperthyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

________________: A sustained increase in synthesis and release of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland ?

A

Hyperthyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Hyperthyroidism occurs most frequently in who ?

A

Women

highest frequency in 20 to 40 year olds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the most common form of Hyperthyroidism ?

A

Grave’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are other causes of Hyperthyroidism ?

A
  • Thyroiditis
  • Toxic nodular goiter
  • Exogenous iodine excess
  • pituitary tumors
  • Thyroid cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is another name for Thyrotoxicosis ?

A

Thyroid storm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What does Thyrotoxicosis (AKA: thyroid storm) result from ?

A

excess circulating levels of T3, T4, or both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

_______________ and ________________ occur together in Grave’s disease ?

A

Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Grave’s disease is characterized by what ?

A
  • Diffuse thyroid enlargement

- Excessive thyroid hormone secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Grave’s disease accounts for ____% of cases of hyperthyroidism ?

A

75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Graves disease may progress to what ?

A

Destruction of thyroid tissue, causing hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the patho/etiology of Graves disease ?

A

Overproduction of T3 and T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Graves’ disease/Hyperthyroidism ?

A
  • Increased metabolism
  • Increased tissue sensitivity to stimulation by sympathetic nervous system
  • Abnormal eye appearance or function
  • Exophthalmos
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is Exophthalmos ?

A

Protrusion of eyeballs from the orbits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Cardiovascular manifestations such as…

  • Bruit over thyroid gland
  • Systolic hypertension
  • increased cardiac output
  • Dysrhythmias

are seen with what type of Thyroid dysfunction ?

A

Graves’ disease (Hyperthyroidism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

GI manifestations such as…

  • increased appetite
  • thirst
  • weight loss
  • diarrhea
  • Hepatosplenomegaly

are seen with what type of Thyroid dysfunction ?

A

Graves’ disease (hyperthyroidism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Integumentary manifestations such as…

  • Warm, smooth, moist skin
  • Thin, brittle nails
  • Hair loss
  • Clubbing of fingers

Are seen in what type of Thyroid dysfunction ?

A

Graves’ disease (Hyperthyroidism)

51
Q

Musculoskeletal clinical manifestations such as…

  • Fatigue
  • Muscle weakness
  • Proximal muscle wasting
  • Dependent edema

Are seen in what type of Thyroid dysfunction ?

A

Graves’ disease (Hyperthyroidism)

52
Q

Nervous system manifestation such as…

  • Fine tremors
  • Insomnia
  • Ability of mood
  • Delirium
  • Hyperreflexia of tendon reflexes
  • Inability to concentrate

Are clinical manifestation of what ?

A

Graves’ disease (Hyperthyroidism)

53
Q

Reproductive manifestations such as….

  • Menstrual irregularities
  • Amenorrhea
  • Decreased libido
  • Impotence
  • Decreased fertility

Are clinical manifestations of what ?

A

Graves’ disease (Hyperglycemia)

54
Q

General clinical manifestations such as…

  • intolerance to heat
  • increased sensitivity to stimulant drugs
  • Elevated basal temperatures

Are clinical manifestations seen with what ?

A

Graves’ disease (Hyperthyroidism)

55
Q

What laboratory values are used to confirm Hyperthyroidism ?

A
  • Decreased TSH

- Elevated T3 & T4 levels

56
Q

What are the Tx goals of Hyperthyroidism ?

A
  • Block adverse effects of thyroid hormones

- Stop hormone oversecretion

57
Q

What are 3 primary Tx options for Hyperthyroidism ?

A
  • Anithyroid medications
  • Radioactive iodine therapy (RAI)
  • Subtotal thyroidectomy
58
Q

In general, what is the treatment of choice for Hyperthyroidism ?

A

Radioactive iodine therapy

59
Q

True or False: Hyperthyroidism is not considered curative ?

A

True

60
Q

How does Iodine work to treat Hyperthyroidism ?

A

Large doses rapidly inhibit the synthesis of T3 and T4 and block their release into circulation

61
Q

True or False: long term iodine therapy in not effective in treating Hyperthyroidism ?

A

True

62
Q

How do Antithyroid drugs work to treat Hyperthyroidism ?

A

Inhibit the synthesis of Thyroid hormone

63
Q

How does Iodine work in the body to treat Hyperthyroidism ?

A

Large doses rapidly inhibit the synthesis of T3 & T4 and block their release into circulation

(maximal effect seen within 1-2 weeks)

64
Q

What are First-line examples of Antithyroid drugs ?

A
  • Propylthiouracil (PTU)

- Methimazole (Tapazole)

65
Q

What is the treatment of choice for Hyperthyroidism in non pregnant adults ?

A

Radioactive iodine therapy (RAI)

66
Q

How does RAI work ?

A

Damages or destroys thyroid tissue

67
Q

There is a High incidence of what after Radioactive iodine when used to treat Hyperthyroidism ?

A

Post-treatment Hypothyroidism

68
Q

Pt’s who undergo Radioactive iodine therapy (RAI) for hyperthyroidism, need lifelong what ?

A

Lifelong thyroid hormone replacement

69
Q

Why do pt’s who undergo Radioactive Iodine therapy need lifelong thyroid hormone replacement ?

A

B/c RAI therapy damages or destroys thyroid tissue

70
Q

Of the 2 thyroid disorders (Hypo & Hyper), which one is easier to treat ?

A

Hypothyroidism

71
Q

Pt’s with acute thyrotoxicosis or pt’s undergoing thyroidectomy require what type of care ?

A

Hospitalization and acute care

72
Q

What is a Thyrotoxic crisis (aka Thyroid storm) ?

A

Acute, rare condition, where all Hyperthyroid manifestations are heightened

73
Q

True or False: A Thyrotoxic crisis (aka thyroid storm) is a Life-threatening emergency ?

A

True

74
Q

What are Manifestations of a thyrotoxic crisis (aka thyroid storm) ?

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Heart failure
  • Shock
  • Hyperthermia
  • Restlessness
  • Agitation
  • Seizures
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Delirium
  • Coma
75
Q

What is the Tx goal for a Thyrotoxic crisis (aka thyroid storm) ?

A

Decrease thyroid hormone levels and clinical manifestations with drug therapy

76
Q

Acute Thyrotoxicosis requires what ?

A

Agressive treatment

77
Q

what do we want to administer in acute thyrotoxicosis ?

A

administer medications to block thyroid hormone production

78
Q

Why do we want to administer IV fluids in pt’s suffering from Acute Thyrotoxicosis ?

A

B/c of dehydration from increased metabolism

79
Q

True or False: in pt’s suffering from Acute Thyrotoxicosis, we want to change linens frequently if diaphoretic ?

A

True

80
Q

With Acute Thyrotoxicosis, we want to apply what to relieve eye discomfort ?

A

artificial tears

81
Q

True or False: with Acute Thyrotoxicosis, we want to elevate the HOB ?

A

True

82
Q

True or False: In pt’s with Acute Thyrotoxicosis, we want to restrict salt for edema ?

A

True

83
Q

What type of diet is usually ordered for pt’s with Hyperthyroidism ?

A

High-calorie diet
(usually need 4,000 - 5,000 cal/day)

  • To compensate for the increased metabolism
84
Q

When talking about Nutrition therapy for Hyperthyroidism, pt’s should Avoid what ?

A

Avoid:

  • caffeine
  • highly seasoned foods
  • high fiber foods

(to not add to SNS effects on CV and GI system)

85
Q

What are indications that Surgery should be done as therapy for Hyperthyroidism ?

A
  • Unresponsive to drug therapy
  • Large goiters causing tracheal compression
  • Possible malignancy
  • Individuals who are not a good candidate for RAI therapy
86
Q

What MUST be at the bedside of pt’s who just had Thyroid surgery ?

A
  • Oxygen
  • Suction equipment
  • Tracheostomy tray

(B/c they just had neck surgery & edema may cause airway obstruction and need for emergent trach)

87
Q

True or False: You should support the head while turning in bed ?

A

True !

Don’t want to stress the sutures in the neck

88
Q

True or False: Its who just had Thyroid surgery, may have speaking difficulty for a short time after surgery ?

A

True

89
Q

What should we assess for postoperatively in pt’s who just had Thyroid surgery ?

A

Assess for tracheal compression & signs of hemorrhage

90
Q

What are signs of Tracheal compression ?

A
  • Irregular breathing
  • Neck swelling
  • Frequent swallowing
  • Choking
91
Q

Frequent swallowing after Thyroid surgery is a sign of what ?

A

Hemorrhaging (swallowing the blood)

92
Q

What position should pt’s be in after Thyroid surgery ?

A

Semi-Fowler’s position

  • support head with pillows
  • Avoid flexion of neck
93
Q

What is Laryngeal stridor ?

A

Harsh vibratory sound that can occur during inspiration or expiration, due to edema on the larynx

94
Q

What mineral should you think of when you hear Parathyroid gland ?

A

CALCIUM & phosphorus

95
Q

Post-op from Thyroid surgery, what should you check for signs of ?

A

Hypocalcaemia

96
Q

What are signs of Hypocalcaemia ?

A
  • Numbness and tingling around the mouth
  • tetany
  • Trousseau’s sign
  • Chvostek’s sign
97
Q

What does Trousseau’s sign present as ?

A

Carpal spasms induced by inflating a blood pressure cuff on the arm.

(pressure on upper arm induces twitching)

98
Q

What does Chvostek’s sign present as ?

A

Contraction of the facial muscle in response to a tap on the facial nerve in front of the ear

99
Q

Surgery on the Thyroid gland can inadvertently harm what ?

A

Harm the Parathyroid gland

100
Q

Some hoarseness is expected for ___ to ___ days after Thyroid surgery ?

A

3 to 4

101
Q

What is important discharge teaching for pt’s who just had Thyroid surgery ?

A

They will require Lifelong thyroid replacement

b/c they just removed the thyroid gland, so they can no longer make thyroid hormones

102
Q

Pt’s with Hypothyroidism have what type of metabolism ?

A

SLOWER metabolic rate

103
Q

What does Hypothyroidism result from ?

A

Insufficient circulating thyroid hormone

104
Q

What is the most common cause of Hypothyroidism worldwide ?

A

Iodine deficiency

and most prevalent in iodine deficient areas

105
Q

In places where iodine intake is adequate (USA), what is the primary cause ?

A

atrophy of the thyroid gland

106
Q

Hypothyroidism may develop b/c of treatment for what ?

A

Hyperthyroidism

107
Q

What 2 drugs can produce hypothyroidism ?

A
  • Amiodarone

- Lithium

108
Q

Hypothyroidism can vary depending on what ?

A
  • Severity
  • Duration
  • Age of onset
109
Q

Systematic effects of Hypothyroidism are characterized by what ?

A

Slowing of body processes

110
Q

Onset of symptoms for Hypothyroidism may occur when ? Unless it occurs after what ?

A

Over months to years

  • Unless it occurs after: thyroidectomy, thyroid ablation, Tx w/ antithyroid drugs
111
Q

How do symptoms present in pt’s with Hypothyroidism ?

A

Ranges from no symptoms to classic symptoms

physical changes easily detected on examination

112
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of Hypothyroidism ?

A
  • decreased cardiac output
  • decreased cardiac contractility
  • decreased motility (GI)
  • constipation
  • fatigued & Lethargic
  • slowed speech
  • personality and mood changes
  • cold intolerance
  • hair loss
  • dry coarse skin
  • thick, brittle nails
  • hoarseness
  • muscle weakness and swelling
  • weight gain
113
Q

Those with severe long-standing hypothyroidism may display what ?

A

Myxedema

114
Q

What does Myxedema cause ?

A
  • Puffiness
  • Periorbital edema
  • masklike effect
115
Q

How does hypothyroidism present Lab value wise ?

A
  • TSH (may be high or low depending on cause)

- T3 & T4 will be low

116
Q

What kind of diet should individuals with Hypothyroidism be on and why ?

A

Low-calorie diet b/c of slow metabolism/weight gain

117
Q

What is a drug that is used to treat Hypothyroidism ?

A

Levothyroxine (Synthroid)

  • must take regularly
118
Q

True or False: Myxedema coma is a medical emergency ?

A

True!

119
Q

True or False: Most individuals do not require acute nursing cure for general Hypothyroidism ?

A

True

Managed on outpatient basis

120
Q

Individuals with Myxedema coma require ______ nursing care ?

A

acute

121
Q

What are complications of Myxedema ?

A
  • Mental sluggishness
  • Drowsiness
  • Lethargy progressing gradually or suddenly to impairment of consciousness or coma
    - Myxedema coma
122
Q

What are common features of myxedema ?

A
  • Dull, puffy skin
  • Coarse sparse hair
  • Periorbital edema
  • Prominent tongue
123
Q

True or False: Soap should be used sparingly in pt’s with Hypothyroidism ?

A

True

124
Q

In pt’s with Hypothyroidism, we need to emphasize the need for a ________ environment ?

A

Warm

J2 - Med Surg (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions