Final Exam (Ch.13)

Question 1

define “comparative cognition”

Answer 1

the study of information processing across a variety of species

Question 2

how can animal memory be studied?

Answer 2

using delayed matching-to-sample task

Question 3

define “transitive inference”

Answer 3

relationship between two objects can be inferred by knowing relationship of each to a third object

Question 4

define the “theory of mind”

Answer 4

tendency to attribute mental states to others, seeing oneself as separate from others and recognizing that the content of another’s mind if different from one’s own

Question 5

define communication

Answer 5

process of sending and receiving signals; does not need to be intentional

Question 6

define “language”, and what does it include?

Answer 6

a special type of communication that includes symbols, syntax and semantics

Question 7

Language: what is a symbol? (what does it include)

Answer 7

a cue that represents an experience/ object that can be shared. (includes words, pictures and gestures)

Question 8

Language: what is syntax?

Answer 8

grammatical rules concerning how symbols are arranged

Question 9

Language: what are semantics?

Answer 9

the meaning associated with symbols

Question 10

describe “cross-fostering experiments”. what was learned?

Answer 10

chimp raised in human foster homes and trained to speak words. only a few words learned

Question 11

describe “artificial language experiments”.

Answer 11

chimps trained in artificially constructed languages consisting of visual symbols with limited vocabulary and rigid grammar.