final exam Flashcards
How did women’s agency change over the past 30 years?
increased
how did mens communal self views change over the past 30 years?
they didnt change
How have gender stereotypes changed over the past 30 years?
they are the same; just as strong now as they were then
nontraditional subgroups are treated…?
with less warmth and more negatively
how are women in the workforce penalized?
they are not seen as communal/nice enough
19th century psych
looking at parts of the brain to explain women inferiority
20th century psych
debunked women are dumb thing, instead looking at differences between sex and gender, ot good and bad, LGBTQ included, civil rights included
what do researchers rely on thats a big problem
sex typed traits
wage gap persists across all countries? T or F
true as heck
who does the wage gap impact the most
obviously women, but women of ethnic groups (latinos, NA, blacks)
example of matrilineal society:
Tuareg of North Africa
Structural power
controlling how society operates and how resources are distributed
dyadic power
choosing intimate partners relationships and controlling interactions and decisions within the relationship.
which sex has more power
men usually hold more structural power, but women dont actually always hold more dyadic power. men can use their structural power to limit a woman structural power.
cultural ideaologies
sets ofbelifssbout groups that explain and justify unequal social hierarchy
collective action
behavior enacted on behalf a group to improve conditions for the entire group
bigender
shifting between male and female
trigender
shifting among female, male, and third identity
minority stress theory
belonging to a stigmatized group can create unique stressors unique to the minority experience
doing gender
gender as a behavioral process in which gender is repeatedly practiced and negotiated in a particular social interactions and contexts
‘daddy quotas”
swedish; gets dads to take paternity leave by giving dads paid days that are not transferable
how is housework changing?
women are in workforce, less housework is done overall
how is the gender wagde gap coming along?
it is shrinking, but very slowly
how is mens husework changing?
men tend to decline in housework instead of increase
Stalled gender revolution
’60s-‘80s: women get employe, graduated college, and advanced degrees, and started working in more male dominated fields; eventually, women’s work/political successes plateaued
how were men impacted by the stalled gender revolution?
p much nothing changed
how is drinking defined by gender?
60% of men drink, 44% of women drink
How does the aftermath of rape specifically impact African-American women
they report physical aches and pains
who blames who the most for rape?
men lame women more than women blame women
Power Distacne
extent to which a culture has an accepts unequally distributed levels of status and power
who uses verbal aggression the most?
men and women use it equally. Technically women who are older and asked by self reports are higher, but not by much!
Do boys or girls cyberbully more?
prior ot age 11, girls. After age of 11, boys
male or female sexual minorities tend to be targets of more crimes?
male sexual minorities
intimate partner violence
any behavior intended to cause physical harm to a romantic partner
which minority groups experience higher rates of intimate partner violence
native American, Multiracial, and Black women more than Latino, White and Asian women
Which group causes more nonreciprocal violence
70% by women
Situational Couple Violence
heated conflicts lead to outburst of unpredictable violence
Intimate Terrorism
rarer, consistently uses violence and fear to dominate control over partner.
Sexual assault
unwanted sexual contact
Rape
non-consensual penetration of the mouth, vagina, or anus by penis, finger, or object
Polyvictimization
more than one type of aggressive victimization
percentage of assaults that involve alcohol
50%
unacknowledged rape
intoxicated/didnt fight back/dating or married to perpetrator
percentage of women and men who dont consider rape as rape
73% of women and 76% of men
endorses unacknowledged rape
rape myths
background of people that are more likely to perpetrate intimate partner violence
experience childhood abuse and witness domestic violence; men who abuse alchohol AND have sexist attitudes about women; people with difficulty regualating emotions.
Evolutionary explanation for guys being more violent
paternal uncertianity makes guys more jealous, and it makes them aggressive.
Mate retention tactics
using violence for control over partner
- Which is not true about the effects of parenthood on relationships?
A) parenthood is associated with lower relationship satisfaction
B) mothers experience postpartum depression at higher rates than fathers
C) fathers generally suffer larger declines in happiness than mothers do
D) the negative impact of parenthood on relationship satisfaction has increased over time
C) fathers generally suffer larger declines in happiness than mothers do
- Studies show that when husbands depend financially on their wives:
A) they are more willing to do housework
B) they are less willing to do housework
C) there is no correlation with willingness to do housework
B) they are less willing to do housework
- This theory proposes that belonging to a stigmatized group can create stressors unique to the minority experience:
A) minority stress theory
B) double jeopardy hypothesis
C) intersectionality theory
D) internalized discrimination
A) minority stress theory
- What was the outcome of Frederickson et. al.’s swimsuit study on self-objectification?
A) women in sweaters reported less body shame and consumed fewer cookies
B) women in swimsuits reported more body shame and consumed more cookies
C) women in swimsuits reported more body shame and consumed fewer cookies
D) there was no difference between the women who wore swimsuits and those who wore sweaters
C) women in swimsuits reported more body shame and consumed fewer cookies
- The Nordic Paradox offers support for which explanation for partner violence?
A) status incongruity hypothesis
B) socioeconomic dependence perspective
C) male discrepancy perspective
D) status inconsistency perspective
D) status inconsistency perspective
- What does internalized homophobia NOT predict?
a. depression
b. substance abuse
c. suicide among transgender adults
d. anxiety
c. suicide among transgender adults
- Which one is NOT involved in an honor killing?
a. seeking divorce
b. forceful marriage
c. being raped
d. refusing an arranged marriage
b. forceful marriage
- Which one is least frequent to happen?
a. sexual coercion
b. unwanted sexual attention
c. gender harrassment
a. sexual coercion
- Which is NOT an internalizing disorder?
a. interpersonal manipulation
b. anxiety
c. cutting oneself
d. low self-esteem
a. interpersonal manipulation
Ch. 10:
- Which of the following is true about modern marriages?
A. The number of people getting married is steadily increasing.
B. On average, the age at which people are getting married is decreasing.
C. The number of marriages is going down.
D. You can not marry someone of your same sex in the United States.
C. The number of marriages is going down.
- Leading by actively mentoring, inspiring trust and encouraging others to develop their full potential, is an application of which type of leadership?
A. Laissez-faire
B. Transformational
C. Authoritarian
D. Transformational
B. Transformational
- In what ways does minority stress theory impact health?
A. Increases reliance on unhealthy coping behaviors and over-burdens the body’s stress response and immune systems.
B. Causes a sense of peace and calmness.
C. It increases the life-span of minorities.
D. Encourages people to rely on positive coping behaviors and adopt healthy lifestyle habits.
A. Increases reliance on unhealthy coping behaviors and over-burdens the body’s stress response and immune systems.
- In a replication of the swimsuit study, the researchers came to the conclusion that the root of body image problems may not be objectification alone, but objectification by the ________.
A. Female Gaze
B. Cookies
C. Male Gaze
D. Swimsuit
C. Male Gaze