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Gender Psych > Chapter 4 (a-c) > Flashcards

Chapter 4 (a-c) Flashcards

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1
Q

two theories of gender development

A

social leanring, cognitive

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2
Q

Social Learning Theories

A

social factors cause kids to develop gender

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3
Q

Where did SLT come from?

A

Behaviorists

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4
Q

How does direct learning work?

A

Rewards and punishments

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5
Q

how does indirect learning work?

A

observation and imitation

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6
Q

What is Cognitive Theory?

A

growth of cognitive abilities develop gender

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7
Q

what is sex-typing

A

process that people acquire gendered behaviors

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8
Q

Are girls or boys more often allowed to participate in cross sex behavior?

A

girls

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9
Q

how do parents predict their boy babies?

A

stronger, more agile

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10
Q

what parents are the least tolerant of what behavior ?

A

fathers are less tolerant of boys participating in cross sex behaviors

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11
Q

what is the langolis and downs experiment ?

A

kids do sex typical and cross sex play, and parents reinforce sex-typical play

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12
Q

what are ways people say heck girls?

A
  • abort babies like in china

- boys receive better treatment even in times of financial distress

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13
Q

what does a high rate of abortion/leaving infant girls do to populations?

A

skewed sex ratios

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14
Q

do kids raised by gay parents have issues with identity more so than kids raised by straight parents?

A

nah. its the same for psychological conditions across the board.

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15
Q

type of parent-child interaction

A

child temperament can influence how a parent treats them

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16
Q

what kinda kids have the least traditional sex-typical behavior?

A

kids w cross-sex siblings

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17
Q

do kids have preferred gender groups?

A

yes; kids often have segregated friend groups by sex, and they choose it to be that way (not forced)

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18
Q

what emotion is amplified by girls hanging w girls?

A

increased sadness

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19
Q

what emotion is amplified by boys hanging w boys?

A

anger

20
Q

what do segregated groups of kids by sex teach people?

A

peers teach one another sex-typical ways to express emotion (sadness and anger)

21
Q

what is the biggest media influence for kids?

A

TV

22
Q

how are boy characters in media portrayed?

A

as strong, independent, leaders.

23
Q

how are girls portrayed in media?

A

sexualized

24
Q

preferential looking

A

showing infants things and recording the time they spend looking at said thing .

25
Q

how old do homies make sex-typical distinctions ?

A

3-8 months

26
Q

is there a genetic component with peeps playing with sex-typical toys, or is it all social? how do we know?

A

yes; we studied monkeys and saw a gender pattern

27
Q

percentage of time children spend playing with atypical toys

A

5%

28
Q

percentage of time children spend playing with sex-stypical toys

A

20%

29
Q

percentage of time children spend playing with gender neutral toys

A

75%

30
Q

What is cognitive development theory?

A

children understanding gender in three main stages of processing

31
Q

gender identity

A

ability ot label oneself and others by sex

32
Q

typical gender identity age

A

2-3

33
Q

gender stability

A

understanding that sex is constant across time

34
Q

gender stability age

A

4-5

35
Q

gender consistancy

A

sex is largely fixed; does not change from superficial features such as a hair cut or makeup

36
Q

gender consistency age

A

6-7

37
Q

Gender schema theory

A

network of info about gender guide how people interpret/process/remember info

38
Q

gender aschematic

A

dont use gender as a dimension for interpreting the world

39
Q

developmental intergroup theory

A

how gender stereotypes are formed in children

40
Q

gender socialization model

A

kids form 3 cognitive associations about gender

41
Q

gendered self views

A

part of GSM; connect self to traits by sex

42
Q

criticism of SL

A

children are considered “passive recipients” of environmental influences and ignore how kids think about gender

43
Q

criticism of cognitive

A

de-emphasizing the role of the world (especially culture)

44
Q

gender non-conformity

A

trans/cross sex play/binary

45
Q

is non conformity genetic?

A

moderately, found biological factors

46
Q

what could genes for play as a child also code for?

A

sexual orientation

47
Q

do cis and trans kids have different preferences?

A

no. In ages 5-12, trans kids are the same as far as cis kids of the same age

Gender Psych (6 decks)

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