exam 1 Review:) Flashcards
STUDY: Langlois and Down– what is the experiment?
father’s reacted negatively to sons doing femm things/playing with femm toys
STUDY: Langlois and down–what did this study show?
parents reinforced sex-typical play
STUDY: Mitchell Baker & Jackson
tested mono and di twins
STUDY: Mitchell Baker and Jackson–what did it show?
that 20% heritability by genes
STUDY: MacCoby and Jacklin–what is the experiment
same sex modeling is unlikely to account for differences in behavior
STUDY: Maccoby and Jacklin–what idd it show?
shows MIX of cognitive and social learning
Implicit Association test–what is it?
tested trans/cis kids and recorded preferences and associations
Implicit Association Test–what it show
Trans/Cis kids are V similar
whats the weird thing about the Greater Male Variability Hypothesis?
Men are over represented in both the high and low spectrums of the distribution
Explain the main difference in ideas about how gender is formed according to Social Learning Theory and Cognitive Theory:
SL: “i was rewarded for being a boy, so I MUST be a boy!”
Cognitive: “I am a boy, so I MUST do boy things!”
what is a prejudice
the feelings associated with a stereotype (i.e, all men are aggressive; therefore I hate all men)
what two thingies help girls stay confident in them sleves during puberty?
STEM things and Sports
Which Gender Development theory is Sex-Typing associated with?
Social Learning
What is sex-typing?
the processes in which people acquire gendered behaviors
what kinda households do more egalitarian kiddos come from?
kids with one parent
Three steps of cognitive development theory:
- Gender Identity: understanding sex by being able to label one’s self and others (2-3)
- Gender Stability: understanding that sex is constant across time (4-5)
- Gender Constancy: sex is largely fixed, ie, doesn’t change bc of clothes or haircut (6-7)
What is the Gender Socialization Model:
kids forming three cognitive associations about gender
three chunks of gender Socialization Model:
- gender identity: connect the self to a sex group
- gender stereotype: connect sex groups to traits
- gendered self-view: those that connect the self to traits
Criticism of SL:
- children are passive recipients of gender roles by environmental influence
- SL ignore’s what kids think about gender
Criticism of Cog:
- de-emphasizes role of the outside world
- de-emphasizes culture
The two theories of sex differentiation
Evolutionary and BioSocial Constructionist
Evolutionary explanation
EEA (Environment of Evolutionary Adaptivness)
-psych conditions are inherited the same as physical
the goal of life according to Evolutionary psych
pass on genes (survive and reproduce)
BioSocial Construct theory
gender happens by biological differences; gender is an easy way to divide labor