ch 4 (d,e)

Question 1

who has better self esteem: early or late maturing boys ?

Answer 1

early

Question 2

emerging adulthood

Answer 2

age of 18-25; people in Western, industrialized nations transition to more adult roles and responsibilities

Question 3

what happens when adults support adolescents autonomy ?

Answer 3

kiddos display stronger relationship skills as they enter adulthood

Question 4

familism

Answer 4

collectivities values of loyalty, support, and interdependence (adolescent daughters less likely to view parents having strict control over them)

Question 5

cross-sex friendship: when does it start?

Answer 5

increases at the age of 12 for western cultures

Question 6

are relationships and cross sex friendships differentiated by race?

Answer 6

no, p much the same as long as included in Western cultures; with the exception of Asian people

Question 7

how are same sex relationships reported in teen years

Answer 7

girls (3.5%) are more likely to report than boys (2.2)

Question 8

what do women use online stuff for more than men?

Answer 8

relationships

Question 9

what do men talk more about online than women do?

Answer 9

society and abstract problems

Question 10

who scores them selves as having better communal self-views ?

Answer 10

women

Question 11

who scores themselves better on agentic self views? (decisive, independent, competitive)

Answer 11

men

Question 12

Jean Twenge noticed what from 73-94?

Answer 12

gendered self views decreased

Question 13

what is the primary cause for gendered self views decreasing

Answer 13

Women see themsleves as more agentic, men only see themselves as slightly more communal

Question 14

What does Serge Guimond propose?

Answer 14

that people learn about their standing on traits by comparing themselves to different groups of people

Question 15

How does Guimond’s theory explain both gender equal countries and non equal countries

Answer 15

countries w greater gender equality are likely ot learn about their own traits by peers of all sexes; gender divided countries are more likely ot only analyze their own sex

Question 16

what does Guimond’s theory propose about how people rate themsleves ?

Answer 16

people in equal cultures compare themselves to both men and women; so theres a larger gap. people in non equal cultures compare themselves to only their sex; so theres a lesser gap.

Question 17

How are agentic women perceived?

Answer 17

they are okay to be leaders as long as they have children

Question 18

Motherhood mandate

Answer 18

societal norm dictating that women should have children; women without kids are stereotyped as lacking in warmth, contempt, and moral outrage

Question 19

what is another expectation of women?

Answer 19

that they spend time, money, and effort making themselves look good

Question 20

What is ideal manhood in psych terms?

Answer 20

hegemonic masculinity

Question 21

What are traits of masculinity

Answer 21

competition, agression, success, toughness, avoidance of femm

Question 22

what is a result of hegemonic masculinity

Answer 22

because its such an impossible bar to set, men often feel insecure about their masculinity

Question 23

Precarious manhood hypothesis:

Answer 23

cross-cultural tendency to define manhood as social status, and that its easy to lose. Requires continual validation by public action and risk taking

Question 24

how is womanhood perceived differently

Answer 24

womanhood is based around biological changes– not something that can be lost by social construct

Question 25

how do psychological factors play on loss of manhood

Answer 25

unemployed dudes think people will view them as less of a man, and results in higher rates of depression and anxiety; gender status loss is linked to mens mental health

Question 26

De gendering theory

Answer 26

gender becomes less of a central aspect as people grow older

Question 27

is de gendering backed up?

Answer 27

nah, two studies show no de gendering over lifetime and actually one showed an increase

Question 28

Pros of being a woman:

Answer 28

• richer social network
• better at practical home making skills; women tend to care for themsleves better
• rely less on spouse
• well being less likely to be dependent on spouse

Question 29

cons of being a man

Answer 29

• rely on spouse more

- cant do chores as well–guys who live alone report more stress and despondency

Question 30

double standard of aging

Answer 30

women’s social value decreases as they age, while men increase as they gain more experience and social status

Question 31

what is freedom in old age defined as for men ? for women?

Answer 31

men: freedom from breadwinning stage
women: freedom from child raising, other household responsibilities

Question 32

what happens to girls who exhibit puberty at an earlier age than peers?

Answer 32

Higher risk for: body image problems, eating disorders, depression, risky behavior, and sexual activity