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Final exam Flashcards

1
Q

Bioavailability and things impacting

A

Amount of active drug in body.
1st pass effect: amount after kidneys
IV gives most availability

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2
Q

Black cohosh use

A

menopause symptoms

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3
Q

echinacea use

A

immune support

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4
Q

Ginger use

A

nausea, motion sickness

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5
Q

Pharmacokinetics order

A

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion

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6
Q

physiological changes in the elderly

A

reduced mass, decreased metabolism/organ function/excretion

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7
Q

Saw. palmetto use

A

prostate, BPH

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8
Q

St john’s wort use

A

Depression (mild)

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9
Q

therapeutic index

A

Safe and effective range
Want a high/wide index for safety

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10
Q

Acyclovir I, MOA

A

I: herpes simplex, Chicken pox, shingles
MOA: anti-viral

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11
Q

Cephalexin CI

A

CI: Penicilin allergy (Cephalosporin, Beta lactam)

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12
Q

Efavirenz

A

HIV, NNRTI

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13
Q

Enfuvirtide

A

HIV, Fusion (entry inhibitor)

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14
Q

Lopinavir

A

protease inhibitor, HIV

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15
Q

Metronidazole MOA, I, CI

A

MOA: Anti-bacterial and anti-protozoal
I: Vaginal trichomosis
Ci: Alcohol

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16
Q

Nystatin MOA, I

A

MOA: Anti-fungal
I: Oral thrush

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17
Q

Tetracycline AE

A

photosensitivity

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18
Q

Vancomycin MOA, AE

A

MOA: Antibiotic
AE: Red man syndrome, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

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19
Q

Vancomycin Monitor

A

Peaks/trough
kidney
hearing
infusion reaction

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20
Q

azathioprine I

A

Chron’s

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21
Q

Bone Marrow Suppression

A

Fatigue, Infection, bleeding/bruising

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22
Q

Cyclophosphamide AE

A

Blood in urine (give with mesna)
Hemorrhagic cystitis

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23
Q

cyclosporine I, AE

A

I: Prophylaxis of organ transplant (prevent rejection)
AE: Cancer (lymphoma), hypertension, infection, BMS

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24
Q

Doxorubicin AE, monitor

A

Heart failure, monitor EKG

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25
Q

Interferon I

A

I: hep B, viral infection

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26
Q

Live vaccines and CI

A

MMR, Varicella, Rotovirus
CI: Immunocompromised/pregnant

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27
Q

Rhogam I

A

(B- blood type)RH- in pregnant women, prevents Moms anibodies from attacking fetal growth

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28
Q

Tamoxifen AE

A

DVT (pain redness/ swelling in legs)

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29
Q

Vincristine AE

A

Peripheral neuropathy

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30
Q

Baclofen I, Special

A

I: Muscle spasms, in parkinsons, Cerebral palsy
Special: taper to prevent seizures

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31
Q

Alcohol withdrawal treatment

A

Clonidin (decrease BP)

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32
Q

Bupropion I, CI

A

I: Smoking cessation and depression,
CI: seizure risks

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33
Q

Diazepam Class, I

A

Class: Benodiazepine
I: prevent seizures w/ alcohol withdrawal

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34
Q

Ibuprofen AE

A

AE: GI upset, Peptic ulcer disease (heart burn)
NSAID

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35
Q

Smoking cessation options

A

Varenicline, buproprion

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36
Q

Levodopa/carbidopa MOA, AE

A

MOA: increase dopamine
AE: Psychosis, hallucinations

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37
Q

Opioids AE

A

AE: Nausea, puritis, constipation
Overdose AE: Sedation, pinpoint pupils, decreased respirations
(morphin)

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38
Q

Sumatriptan I, CI, MOA

A

I: Migrain
CI: chest pain = stop medication
MOA: Vasoconstriction

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39
Q

Varenicline I

A

Smoking cessation

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40
Q

Carbamazepine I, AE

A

I: epilepsy, bipolar
AE: Bone marrow suppression

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41
Q

Clozapine Monitor, AE

A

Monitor: Neutrophils & leukocytes
AE: Extrapyramidal symptoms

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42
Q

Extrapyramidal symptoms

A

Dystonia: Involuntary muscle contractions
Parkinsonism : brady-kinesia, rigidity, tremors
Akathisia: inner restlessness
Tardive dyskinesia: involuntary repetitive movements
(stooped posture, lip movement, restlessness)

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43
Q

Lithium monitor

A

TSH (thyroid), Kidney (creatinen), Sodium, lithium levels

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44
Q

Methylphenidate Monitor, I

A

Monitor: sleep, appetite (weight)
I: ADHD

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45
Q

Phenelzine Avoid

A

Red meats, wine, aged cheese, over ripe fruit

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46
Q

phenytoin I, AE, monitor

A

I: epilepsy
AE:Nystagmis
Monitor: levels

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47
Q

alendronate I, Special, AE

A

I: osteoporosis
Educate: Stay upright 30 minutes, full glass of water to prevent esophageal ulcers
AE: jaw changes

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48
Q

AE of second generation anti-psychotics

A

Weight gain, hyperglycemia

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49
Q

colchicine MOA, I

A

MOA: reduce white blood cells » reduced inflamation
I: acute gout

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50
Q

Alopurinol I

A

prophylaxis of gout

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51
Q

hydroxychloroquine I, monitor

A

I: rhematoid arthritis
Monitor: Eyes, autoimmune disorders

52
Q

isotretinoin I, Monitor

A

I: achne
Monitor: Kidney, Liver pregnancy, cbc, total cholesterol, suicidal ideation

53
Q

Mupirocin I

A

I: impetigo

54
Q

Atropine Class, I, AE

A

Class: Cholinergic antagonist
I: Cholinergic overdose (pesticides, organophosphates), excessive oral secretion
AE: Dry up, tachycardia (DUCCT)

55
Q

Bethanechol I, AE

A

I: Urinary retention
AE: wheezing (respiratory issues)

56
Q

Epinephrine AE

A

Sympathetic Nervous system, natural release, bronchodilation, paplitations, Glucose release, decreased GI increased HR

57
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Sympathetic nervous system, peripheral vasoconstriction, increase BP

58
Q

Oxybutynin I

A

I: urinary incontinence (urge)

59
Q

Succinylcholine AE

A

Malignant hyperthermia (fever, increased HR, sweating)

60
Q

Glipizide I, AE

A

I: Type II diabetes,
AE: hypoglycemia

61
Q

Levothyroxine I, AE

A

I: hypothyroidism
AE: palpitations, tachycardia, tremors, (hyperthyroidism)

62
Q

Metformin I, AE

A

I: type II diabetes
AE: lactic acidosis, GI upset

63
Q

Prednisone MOA, AE, I

A

MOA: coricosteroids
AE: hypertension, thin skin, osteoporosis, weight gain, hyperglycemia, hypocalemia
I: inflammation

64
Q

propylthiouracil I, Special, monitor

A

I: Hyperthyroidism
special: safe in pregnancy, increase risk of infection
Monitor: TSH, increased WBC

65
Q

Lispro aspart Class, time

A

Class: Rapid insulin
Time: 15 minutes before meal

66
Q

NPH Class, time

A

Class: intermediate insulin
Time: 2x daily

67
Q

Glargine Class, time

A

Long acting
Once per day

68
Q

Regular insulin class

A

short acting

69
Q

Alteplase MOA, I, CI

A

Clot buster (fibrolytic, dissolves all clots)
I: ischemic stroke, MI
CI: Major trauma, bleeding

70
Q

Clopidogrel MOA, I

A

MOA: Inhibits platelet aggregation
I: Previous MI (stent)

71
Q

Filgrastim MOA, I

A

Increase neutrophils
I: decreased WBC

72
Q

Heparin Monitor

73
Q

Warfarin MOA, Monitor

A

MOA: Vitamin K clotting factor antagonist, stop formation of new ones
Monitor: INR

74
Q

Medications that increase bleeding risk

A

Alteplase
clopidogrel
heparin
Warfarin

75
Q

betamethasone I

A

Mature fetal lungs in per-term delivery

76
Q

Clomiphene I, AE

A

I: Infertility
AE: twins/tripplets

77
Q

Estrogens I, CI

A

I: menopause, prevention of osteoporosis, W/ progesterone for contraceptive
CI: Breast cancer, Smoking

78
Q

Finasteride I, special

A

I: BPH
Special: does not cause orthostatic hypotension

79
Q

Magnesium sulphate I, AE

A

I: Delay preterm labor, Asthma, dysrhythmias (hypertension, prevent seizures in eclamplsia)
AE: Muscle weakness in high dose

80
Q

Misoprotosol I, AE

A

I: peptic ulcer disease
AE: uterine contractions

81
Q

Oxytocin I

A

Induce labor

82
Q

Progesterone AE

A

Break through bleeding

83
Q

Sildenafil AE, CI

A

AE: hypotension
CI: nitroglycerin, grapefruit juice

84
Q

Tamsulosin I, AE

A

I: BPH
AE: orthostatic hypotension, 1st dose phenomena

85
Q

Terbutaline I, AE

A

I: asthma
AE: palpitations

86
Q

Testosterone AE

A

Worsen acne

87
Q

Ethinyl esteradiol/ norethindrone I

A

I: cystic acne, contraceptive, menopause, osteoporosis
(related to estrogen)

88
Q

Diuretic medications

A

Furosemide, hydrocholorthiazide
spironolactone

89
Q

Furosimemide AE:

A

hypokalemia, ototoxicity (tinitis, IV)

90
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide AE, CI

A

AE: Hypokalemia
CI: Gout (increase uric acid) Sulfa allergy

91
Q

Spironolactone MOA, AE

A

MOA: potassium sparring diuretic
AE: hyperkalemia

92
Q

Mannitol I, Monitor

A

I: increased ICP
Monitor: potassium, EKG

93
Q

Sodium bicarbonate I

A

I: acidocis, hyperkalemia

94
Q

Acetyl cysteine I

A

I: acetaminophen OD, Protect kidneys from contrast dye, Cystic fibrosis (thin secretions)

95
Q

Albuterol I, MOA

A

I: quick relief bronchodilator asthma, Beta agonist

96
Q

Beclomethasone inhaler Special

A

Rinse mouth

97
Q

Diphenhydramine MOA, AE

A

MOA: 1st gen histamine
AE: sedation

98
Q

Phenylephrine MOA, Special

A

MOA: decongestant nasal spray
Special: use 3-5 days only to prevent rebound congestion (same with psuedophedrine)

99
Q

Ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone I

A

I: ottis externa (ear)

100
Q

Latanoprost MOA, I

A

Moa: increase outflow of aqueous humor
I: open angle glaucoma

101
Q

Metoclopramide AE

A

Parkinsons symptoms

102
Q

Omeprazole MOA,

A

MOA: decrease production of gastric acid

103
Q

Ondansetron I, AE, Monitor

A

I: chomo N/V
AE: QT prolongation
Monitor: EKG

104
Q

Orlistat I, AE

A

I: weight loss
AE: oily stool, fecal urgency

105
Q

Peptic ulcer disease triple therapy

A

Omeprazol,
clarithromycin, amoxacilin (antibiotics)

106
Q

Sucralfate MOA

A

MOA: coat lining of stomach

107
Q

Atrovastatin AE

A

AE: muscle pain (myopathy)

108
Q

Cholestyramine ae

A

AE: Decrease in Vitamin ADEK (fat soluble)

109
Q

Digoxin AE

A

AE: vomiting, visual disturbances

110
Q

Diltiazem Class, AE

A

Class: Calcium channel blocker
AE: decreased HR (verapamil)

111
Q

Metoprolol MOA, AE

A

MOA: beta blocker
AE: decrease heart rate

112
Q

Nitroglycerin AE

113
Q

Ramipril Class, AE

A

Class: ace inhibitor
AE: dry cough

114
Q

Reproductive medications (12)

A

finasteride
magnesium sulphate
misoprostol
oxytocin
sildenafil
tamsulosin
terbutaline

progesterone
testosterone
betamthasone
climiphene
estrogens

115
Q

antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals (9)

A

acyclovir
cephalexin
efavirenz
enfuvirtide
lopinavir
metronidazole
nystatin
tetracycline
vancomycin

116
Q

immunomodulators (8)

A

Azathioprine
Cyclophosphamide *
Cyclosporine *
Doxorubicin *
Interferon beta *
Rhogam *
Tamoxifen *
Vincristine

117
Q

alcohol, pain, abuse (8)

A
  • Baclofen
  • Bupropion
  • Diazepam
  • Ibuprofen
  • Levodopa/carbidopa
  • Opioids
  • Sumatriptan
  • Varenicline
118
Q

mental health (6)

A

Carbamazepine
* Clozapine
* Lithium
* Methylphenidate
* Phenelzine
* Phenytoin

119
Q

bone and skin (5)

A

Alendronate
* Colchicine
* Hydroxychloroquine
* Isotretinoin
* Mupirocin

120
Q

adernergic and cholinergic (6)

A

Atropine * Bethanechol * Epinephrine * Norepinephrine * Oxybutynin * Succinylcholine *

121
Q

endocrine (5)

A

Glipizide
*
* Levothyroxine
* Metformin
* Prednisone

Propylthiouracil

122
Q

blood thinners (5)

A

Alteplase
* Clopidogrel
* Filgrastim
* Heparin
* Warfari

123
Q

cardiovascular (7)

A

Atorvastatin
* Cholestyramine
* Digoxin
* Diltiazem
* Metoprolol
* Nitroglycerin
* Ramipril

124
Q

diuretics and IV(6)

A

Furosemide
* Hydrochlorothiazide
* Mannitol
* Potassium chloride
* Sodium bicarbonate
* Spironolactone

125
Q

respiratory (6)

A

Acetylcysteine
* Albuterol
* Beclomethasone inhaler
* Diphenhydramine
* Fexofenadine
* Phenylephrine

126
Q

eye and ear (2)

A

ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone
latanoprost

127
Q

gi (6)

A

Metoclopramide
* Omeprazole
* Ondansetron
* Orlistat
* Peptic ulcer disease triple therapy
* Sucralfate

0 Pharmacology (8 decks)

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