Exam 5 Module 9 Flashcards
5 Cardiac rules for adminitering antihypertensive meds
• Change positions slowly - Prazosin (ai antagonist) hydralazine (vasodialators
• BP < 90/60 hold and call HCP
• HR < 60 hold and call HCP (beta blockers)
• NEVER abruptly stop Clonidine and beta blockers
•Daily weight. Call HCP if 2+lbs gain in a day of 5+lbs in a week.
Inotrope
Cardia force/contractility
Chronotrope
Heart rate (timinig)
Dromotrope
Cardiac conduction
1st dose phenomenone
Sudden/severe drop in BP with starting new med (A1 blockers - prazosin)
Syncope and LOC
HCP to Prevent falls
First line meds for Persons with African ancestry
Hydrochlorothiazide, diltiazem, verapamil, nifedipine, amlodipine
Non-selective beta blockers
Propranolol (caution in COPD and asthma)
Nadolol
Cardio selective beta blockers
B1 only
Atenolol
metoprolol
Esmolol
Reversal agents for heparin
Protamine
Reversal agent for warfarin
Vitamin K, Fresh frozen plasma
Antiplatelet medications
Asprin
Clopidogrel
Abciximab
Dipyridamole
Anticoagulant medications
Warfarin
Heparin
Enoxaparin
Rivaroxaban
Dabigatran
Fondaparinux
Thrombolytics medications
Alteplase
Difference between antiplatelet and anticoagulants
Antiplatelet inhibit aggregation, anticoagulant block cascade
MOA and AE of Asprin
MOA: reduce # of platelets
AE: reyes syndrome ( kids under 19)
Indication and class for Clopidogrel
Class: antiplatelet
I: stroke, Stent
Heparin monitoring for
aPPT, and CBC (therapeutic monitoring )
Indication for Heparin
DVT (and prophylaxis of), PE, NSTEMI/STEMI
Class and application Enoxaparin
Class: anticoagulant
Application: SubQ » can use at home
AE for enoxapaparin
Bruising/bleeding
Warfarin onset
3-4 days, requires bridging med
Warfarin MOA
Anticoagulant: Inhibits intrinsic factors II, VII, IX, X (vitamin K dependent
Warfarin monitor
INR/PT, Dietary changes in Vitamin K
Contra indications of warfarin
Pregnancy
Indication and route of dabigatran
I: prohylaxis of embolism (stroke). Bridge to warfarin
Route: oral
MOA and monitor for Rivaroxaban
MOA: Inhibits factor XA
Monitor CBC
Fondaparinux Indication
DVT, PE. Post operation.
MOA, Contraindication, Alteplase
MOA: Thrombolytic, dissolves clots
CI: History of stroke in last 3 months (interfere with healing) Blooding, thrombocytopenia, hyertension
Hematopoietic growth factors
Erythropoietin
Fligrastim
Oprelvekin
Indication, MOA Erythropoietin
I: severe anemia
MOA: Produce more RBC (from bone marrow)
MOA, CI, and AE for fligrastim
MOA: Produce neutrophils
CI: Chemo w/n 24hrs
AE: splenomegaly
MOA Oprelvekin AE
MOA: increase platelets
AE: fluid retention
Indication and AE for Packed red blood cells
I: Severe anemia
AE: Hyperkalemia
Common AE for blood blood products (minus albumin)
Allergic response, anaphylaxis, hemolytic reaction, febrile non-hemolytic reaction, sepsis
Indication for whole blood
Acute loss, dehydration
Indication and AE for platelet concentrate
I: thrombocytopenia
AE: febrile nonhemolytic
Indication and AE for Fresh frozen plasma
I: Burns, blood loss, reverse warfarin, intravascular coagulation
AE: circulatory overload
Indication and AE for Albumin
I: LIver cirrhosis, adult respiratory distress
AE: Fluid overload, pulmonary edema
Indication and AE for Apheresed granulocytes
I: nuetropenia, neonatal sepsis, infection
AE: circulatory overload
MOA, Indication for prazosin/doxazosin
MOA: Alpha 1 blocker
I: Hypertension & BPH (raynauds)
MOA, I, CI, Propranolol
Non-selective beta blocker
I: post MI
CI: COPD/Asthma
MOA, I Metoprolol
Cardio selective (Beta 1) antagonist
I: hypertension
MOA, AE hydralazine
MOA: vasodilation
AE: hypotension, bradycardia edema
Nitroprusside monitor, I
Cyanide poisoning
I: Congestive heart failure
MOA: Eplerenone
MOA: aldosterone inhibitor, will increase potassium
MOA, I Aliskiren
MOA: Renin inhibitor
I: hypertension
Clonidine MOA, AE
MOA: A2 agonist
AE: brady-, dizziness, dry-mouth, sedation
Antihypertensive medications (8)
Prazosin
Propranolol
Metoprolol
Hydralazine
Nitroprusside
Eplerenone
Aliskiren
Clonidine
