Final Exam Flashcards
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Joining the ship (newly appointed Master)
Prior to arrival:
- Letter of appointment
- Power of Attorney
- SEA
Check the condition of the vessel
- Load line is clearly visible and not submerged
- How it’s moored
- Condition of the hull
- Condition of lines and fenders
- Crew uniform, behaviour
Check the gangway for:
- Security (Manned)
- Expect to be challenged at the gangway for:
- Photo ID
- Letter of Appointment
- Gangway correctly rigged and in condition
- Safety net
- Emergency Fire Plan
- Lifebuoy
Escorted to Masters Officer - Check Crew Certification and Documentation
Check MSMD to see what level of manning required
All original certification onboard
- CoC’s and CeC’s
- ENG1 - or equivalent
- SSO
- GMDSS GOC
- ECDIS
- HELM
- F&H L2
- Ships Cook
- STCW - Fire fighting, sea survival, PSSR, First Aid, Security Awareness
Documentation:
- SEA
- Passport - including visas etc
- Discharge Book
Masters Handover
- Check accounts
- Contents of the safe
- Cash declaration of petty cash onboard
- SSP - Part 1
- Controlled Drugs with register
- Check Logbooks - OLB, ORB, GRB - GMP, GMDSS, Deck Logbook
- Crew Disciplinary - Any crew with warnings, informal, formal or written
- PSC Inspections: Any upcoming? any completed? any issues?
- Critical equipment checklist
- ISM:
- Procedures,
- planned maintenance,
- upcoming surveys,
- defects and deficiencies,
- previous surveys with any outstanding OBS or Non Conformities?
- Look at last Masters Review of SMS
- Look at previous Safety Meetings
- Expect a set of handover notes from the captain signing of including all mentioned!
CoC added to front of OLB and signed at back once complete
Take Over as Master
Put your name and CoC # on the front cover of the OLB and make an entry in the narrative section.
If due to proceed to sea:
- Check the passage plan & sign
- Carry out drills to ascertain level of competency of crew in emergency situation
- Signed onto crew list as Captain (MSF 4157)
If you are in doubt about your Safe Manning, you should seek clarification from flag state.
Masters Familiarisation
Initial 24HR Familiarisation:
- To be carried out by the Safety Officer or Chief Officer
- Look to see if they are done correctly and to a high standard - will give an indication of safety culture onboard
Bridge Familiarisation:
- Ships particulars and maneuvering characteristics + pilot card
- Bridge Equipment
- Radars
- ECDIS
- GMDSS - Sat C, Navtex
- Alarm Monitoring System - Vessel & ER
- CCTV
- Location of SOPEP Manual (Check quarterly update)
- Emergency changeover proceedures
- Steering
- Engine(s)
- Blind sectors of Radars posted
- Emergency Procedures Manual - Contingencies
- Controls for Miscellaneous & Emergency Equipment
- Fire Dampers & Emergency fire pumps
- Watertight Doors
- Fire Doors
- Fire Alarm Panel
- Navigation Lights and Deck Lights
- Security Systems
- General Alarm and Fire Alarms
- BNWAS
Chart and Publications Outfit
- Up to date Charts and Publications
- Check status report of any software
- Check ECDIS up to date
- ENCs
- Presentation Library
- Lastest Editions of all Mandatory Bridge Publications
How does a TRS form?
Conditions:
- Water temperatures >27 degrees C
- Far enough from equator for sufficient coroilis effect - between 5 and 30 degrees latitude
Formation:
- Warm moist air expands and rises in areas of low pressure
- The cool air from high pressure areas rush in to fill the space left by rising warm air. This air also warms and rises, starting a cycle
- The warm moist air cools and condenses, forming clouds
- Coriolis effect deflects the air to the right, however is also sucked into the centre of the low, causing a spinning effect
- Moisture from the sea continues to feed the TRS, until it reaches landfall and will dissipate due to the lack of moisture
Drills and frequency
- Fire & Abandon ship: Monthly or when 25% personnel change. Must be completed within 24 hours of leaving port when more than 25% of crew did not participate in previous month
- Enclosed Space: 2 months
- Rescue Boat: Launched each month
- Security: 3 months or 25% change in crew (7 Days)
- SOPEP: As required by SOPEP or SMS
- Emergency steering gear: 3 months
- Medical: 3 months
- Damage Control: 3 months
Masters considerations for passage planning
Master
- Compliance with National and International conventions and regulations
- Certificates in date, available and appropriate for the voyage
- Condition: Fit for the normal perils of the sea, watertight, meets her load line requirements, PMs up to date, no non-conformities in the ships SMS, machinery in good condition, LSA equipment available,
- Crew: Meet MSMD, appropriate certs/qualified, familiarised, adequate experience, well rested and fit for duty, visas
- Conduct: Safe operation of the vessel which the employer has a responsibility for (safe working environment, provide ppe, training, posters etc)
Voyage plan:
- Weather considerations for the time of year - Hurricane season Atlantic 1st June - 30 Nov
- Contingency plans, fuel stops
- Ensure accurate and up to date charts and publications are available for the intended voyage
- Security - piracy risk, citadel, fly non-essential crew, insurance
- Emission Control Areas
2/O: Passage plan as per SOLAS ch V and following APEM. Bridge/GMDSS checks
C/O: LSA checks and appropriate for voyage (insulated immersion suits), Drills/Training, vessel stowed
C/E: Bunkers, PMs, defects/non-conformities, spares
Chef: Provisions to last voyage, meal prep in bad weather
Publications carried onboard
Guidance found in SOALS ch V, Mariners Handbook or Masters Guide to the UK Flag
- The Weekly Notices to Mariners
- Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners - NP247 Parts 1&2
- Chart outfit adequate charts for the voyage and of suitable scale. It will include NP5011, Chart Correction Log and Routing Charts
- List of Radio Signals
- List of Lights
- Sailing Directions
- NP100 Mariners Handbook
- Tide Tables
- Tidal Atlases
- Nautical Almanac
- Nautical Tables (Norries)
- IAMSAR Vol. III
- The International Code of Signals
- MSNs, MGNs, MINs
- Operating and maintenance manuals for all navigational aids.
- Offical Logbook
- COSWP - Code of Safe Working Practices
- Ship Captains Medical
TMAS, MEDICO, AMVER, Sat C Comms
TMAS = Telemedical Assistance Service
MEDICO = Request or transmission of medical advice - prefaces RT
AMVER = Voluntary worldwide reporting system
Sat C
- SAC 32 (dr who) - medical advice
- SAC 38 (evacuate) - Medical assistance/evacuation required
- SAC 39 - Maritime assistance and routed to RCC
MOB - Actions?
Initial actions:
- Release MOB buoys
- Press MOB button to get a datum
- Sound the general alarm and make a PA announcement
- Reduce speed
- Hand steering
Follow up:
- Navigational risk assessment
- Inform ER and engines ready for manoeuvere
- Begin turn towards MOB
- Williamson: Hardover to 60deg, hardover opposite to 20 degrees from reciprocal course
- Anderson: Hardover until 250 degrees off original course, or casualty 20 degrees off bow
Bridge duties:
- Mayday via DSC and RT
- Consult SMS for resuce of persons from water
- Keep a log
External Teams:
- Prep rescue boat
- Prep medical response team
- Look outs - as many as possible
After the incident:
- Medical care
- Cancel mayday
- Inform relevant parties - DPA, Flag, Class, MAIB (ARF)
- Incident report
Search and Rescue
- Receive a search pattern from RCC
Finding Datum:
- Establish original datum
- Calculate time since incident
- Calculate drift using tables (MOB no leeway)
Establish search pattern:
**Witnessed: **
Sector search - Establish radius, alter course to starboard 120 degrees when reaching radius
Recent:
Expanding square: 3rd leg inceases by one leg
Unwitnessed:
Creeping line or parallel track
Determine leg lengths using sweep tables
GMDSS Carriage requirements
Under SOLAS:
- VHF radio installation capable of transmitting DSC
- 2 SARTS if over 500GT
- 3 Portable VHFs if over 500GT
- NAVTEX and SAT C as per below
Per sea area:
A1 = NAVTEX and VHF
A2 = NAVTEX, VHF and MF
A3 = NAVTEX, VHF, MF and Inmarsat C or HF
A4 = NAVTEX, VHF, MF and HF
NAVTEX fundamentals
Broadcasts Maritime Safety Information on 518kHz for international, or 490kHz for local.
Can programme information wished to be received. The following are mandatory:
A = Navigational Warnings
B = Meteorlogical Warnings
D = Search and Rescue Information
L = Navigational Warnings - additional
NAVTEX stations can be found in ALRS volumes 3 & 5 and need to be programmed into the NAVTEX prior to sailing.
Chief officer bullying - actions?
Gather evidence:
- Chat to both parties - avoid approaching with prejudice
- Witnesses
- CCTV
- Try to resolve at the lowest level possible
Inform:
- Inform C/O of hearing
- Their rights - accompanied, present own evidence + witnesses
- Place/date/time
- Potential penalty
Hearing:
- Opportunity to admit/refute
- Masters decision
- Mitigations - mental health, duty of care
Where to find rules:
- SEA
- SMS
- Masters Standing Orders
After dismissal:
- Logged in OLB
- Inform DPA and Flag
- Arrange replacement
Second officer drunk - actions?
Deal with the situation:
- Take the conn
- Nav risk assessment
- Check position, course and speed
- Traffic
- Proximity to hazards
- All equipment
- Call relief watch keeper - most rested and adjust watch schedule
- Call witness + breathalyse (25mg p/litre)
- Send to cabin
Gather evidence:
- Chat to lookout, cabin mate
- Witnesses
- Check cabin
- CCTV
- VDR
Inform:
- Inform 2/O of hearing
- Their rights - accompanied, present own evidence + witnesses
- Place/date/time
- Potential penalty
Hearing:
- Opportunity to admit/refute
- Masters decision
- Mitigations - mental health, duty of care
Where to find rules:
- SEA
- SMS
- Masters Standing Orders
After dismissal:
- Logged in OLB
- Inform DPA and Flag
- Arrange replacement
Large Yacht Code
Prescribes standards of safety and pollution prevention which are appropriate to the size and type of yacht. Based on the consideration that full compliance with SOLAS, STCW and Load Line Conventions is unreasonable and in some instances disproportionately onerous.
Includes:
- Design and construction standards: water/weathertight integrity, freeing arrangements, machinery
- Carriage requirements: LSA, FFE, GMDSS, Nav equipment
- Accommodation and recreational facilities standards
Part A applicable to yachts which are 24 metres and over in load line length, are in commercial use for sport or pleasure, do not carry cargo and do not carry more than 12 passengers;
Part B applicable to pleasure yachts of any size, in private use or engaged in trade, which carry more than 12 but not more than 36 passengers and which do not carry cargo.
Tell me about ISM?
Came into force in 1998 with provision made under SOLAS ch 9. Stems from the Herald of Free Enterprise disaster where it was realised a high portion of maritime accidents were contributed to human error and poor management practises.
The objectives of the Code are to ensure safety at sea, prevention of human injury or loss of life, and avoidance of damage to the environment, in particular, to the marine environment, and to property.
Masters responsibility with regards to ISM
The Company should clearly define and document the master’s responsibility with regard to:
- Implementing the safety and environmental protection policy of the Company;
- Motivating the crew in the observation of that policy;
- Orders and instructions are issued in a clear and simple manner;
- Verifying that specified requirements are observed;
- Reviewing the SMS and reporting its deficiencies to the shore based management.
The Company should ensure that the SMS contains a clear statement emphasizing the Master’s authority and responsibility to make decisions with respect to safety and pollution prevention and to request the Company’s assistance as may be necessary.
What can be found in the SMS
Safety and environmental policy
Clearly outlines the companies commitment to safety and pollution prevention
Standard Operating Procedures
For all aspects of vessel operation ie anchoring, mooring etc
Clear line of communications
Between ship and DPA/company as well as crew to Master
Reporting Methods
For non conformities, investigating accidents etc
Emergency Preparedness
Plans for emergencies - drills
Maintenance of the ship
Planned maintenance, weeklies, monthlies etc
Who is responsible for safety onboard?
- Company: overall safety
- Master: day to day safety
- Safety Officer & representatives: build a safety culture and ensure crew are being safe
- Everyone has a responsibility for safety
How to motivate crew with respect to the SMS
- Lead by example
- Approachable
- Make drills enjoyable/realistic/worthwhile
- Involve crew with safety inspections
- Provide means for communicating their feedback
- Safety meetings engaging and worthwhile
How would you report a non-conformity
- Inform DPA, Flag, Class and Port Authority
- Fill out a non-conformity form containing:
- Name of vessel
- Date of inspection
- Originator (Master)
- Due date
- Reference to standard which has been breached
- Description of non conformity and a description of corrective and preventitive actions
Outline Merchant Shipping Health and Safety Regulations 1997 (MGN 636)
- The shipowner and employer must ensure the health and safety of all seafarers and others working on board
- Each seafarer has a duty to look after their own health and safety and that of others working with them
- Establishment of safety comittees, safety reps, safety officer
- A health and safety policy should be in place
- Risk assessment should underpin all safety measures put in place
- Ensure onboard training, familiarisation etc
How do you implement a good safety culture onboard? COSWP Ch 1
- Clear leadership
- Clearly defined expectations
- Good communications
- Good planning
- Good safety culture
- Risk awareness
- Accountability
- Effective knowledge management.
Election of safety representatives
- Every ship with five or more seafarers must have safety representatives elected
- Must have at least two years consecutive sea service since turning 18
- If there is less than 16 crew, one safety representative will be elected by the officers and ratings.
- If there is 16 or more crew, two safety representatives will be elected - one by officers, one by ratings
- Represent the crew on all safety matters
- Master must record in OLB
Appointment of safety officer
- Every ship with five or more seafarers, the company is required to appoint the safety officer
- Must have at least two years consecutive sea service since turning 18 and ideally completed a safety officer course
- Master must record the appointment in the OLB
Duties of the Safety Officer:
- Inspect the vessel for hazards, routine inspections on safety equipment and report to master any deficiencies
- Investigate any accidents, incidents or near misses
- Implement a safety culture onboard and ensure the ships sms and policies are being adhered to
- Stop any work which could harm crew
- Maintain records of all safety related matters
What is the Maritime Labour Convention?
The Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) is an International Labour Organisation convention which came into effect in 2014 and aims to protect the rights of seafarers by setting minimum requirements for nearly every aspect of working and living onboard. It is often referred to as the seafarers bill of rights.
It consists of five titles:
- Minimum requirements for seafarers to work on a ship
- Conditions of employment
- Accommodation, recreational facilities, food and catering
- Health protection, medical care, welfare and social security protection
- Compliance and enforcement
Main points from MLC
- Minimum Age
- Medical Certification
- Qualification of Seafarers
- SEA’s
- Recruitment or placement services
- Hours of Work & Rest
- Manning Levels
- Accommodation & Recreational Facilities
- Food & Catering
- Health & Safety
- Onboard Medical Care
- Complaints Procedure
- Payment of Wages
- Injured Seafarers and Repatriation and care of the family
Contents of an SEA
- Full name, birthplace and date of birth
- Name and address of shipowner
- Place and date where the agreement is entered into
- Capacity
- Termination date or port (if definite period)
- Maximum period of service onboard
- Repatriation
- Wages
- Manner in which wages must be payed
- Paid Leave
- Hours of work
- Grievance and disciplinary procedures
- Health and social security benefits
- Any pension benefits
- Compensation which shipowner will pay for any loss of personal property arising from loss of the ship
- Details of any collective bargaining agreemen
What are the Masters responsibilities under MLC?
- Ensure ongoing compliance with the MLC and applicable certificates:
- Adequate age and appropriate qualifications/medical certificates
- HOWR enforced and signed by Master
- Accommodation inspections - logged in OLB
- Food & water inspections - logged in OLB
- Engage crew and action suggestions
- Wages paid on time
- Correctly manned
- Fair terms of employment
- Food of good variety, dietrary and culturaly sensitive
- Accommodation and recreation facilities provided
- Onboard complaints procedure available
Info on bunkers notes?
How long do you keep fuel samples for?
- Name of supplier, date, location
- Quantity
- Spec of fuel (sulphur content)
- Start and stop time.
- Kept for 3 years
Fuel samples kept for 1 year
How do you know CE is feeling out ORB correctly?
- Check entries are made as per guidance in the front
- Spot check daily tank contents entries against the AMS
Air Pollution Certs
IAPPC
- Ship particulars (name, callsign, distinctive numbers, port of registry)
- Place and date of initial survey
- Place and date of ongoing surveys
- Initial, annual, intermediate, renewal
EIAPPC including NOx tech files
- Ship particulars
- Details of engine including filtering equipment fitted etc
- Permanent
Discuss Harmonized System of Survey and Certification (HSSC)
Standardizing surveys and certificate expiry dates so that only one survey needs to be completed, instead of multiple for each certificate. This adds flexibility, reduces the number of surveyors, survey time and paperwork, and therefore reducing costs. (MSN 1751)
- Maximum period of validity = 5 years
- To ensure flexibility, survey window opens 3 months before expiry.
- Certificates may also be extended for 3 months, for the duration of the voyage.
- A Cargo Ship Safety Certificate (CSSC) may also be issued, combining and in place of Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate, Cargo Ship Safety Radio Certificate or Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate
Discuss Alternative/Enhanced compliance schemes
Allows Flag States to delegate survey work to Recognised Organisations to minimise duplication of effort. The MCA will still retain an oversight through ACS inspections and ISM/ISPS/MLC audits.
The MCA have handed over all of the hardware certification to Recognised Organations but retaining control over the operational matters - ISM, ISPS and MLC
Under enhanced, everything is handed over to RO’s except for ISM
What certs & docs would new crew joining require?
- STCW Basic courses including refreshers.
- ENG 1.
- Discharge book.
- Passport.
- SEA or crew agreement.
Additionally, depending on rank
* Ships cook see (MSN 1846).
* Deck Ratings / Nav Ratings.
* Deck officers OOW and above COC, auxiliary certs and ECDIS generic + type approval
* Engineers CoC.
Main Engine Failure
Actions
- Navigational risk assessment
- Position
- Proximity to navigational hazards
- Depth of water
- Traffic
- Close watertight doors
- Hand steering engaged
- Thrusters online
- Anchor prepared/dropped if possible
- Comms established with ER - determine cause and time to fix
- Require assistance - salvage/towage
- Log/record all actions and events
Inform others:
- NUC lights/day shapes displayed
- AIS status updated
- VTS or Port Authority informed as required
- Safety or Urgency message broadcast if appropriate
Follow up:
- Raise non-conformity if equipment damaged
- Inform DPA, Flag, Class and MAIB
- Entry made in OLB
Grounding
Initial
- Stop main engines
- Sound general alarm
- Close all watertight doors
- Muster crew and passengers - check for casualties or missing persons
Response:
- Establish communications with damage control party and OSC
- OSC to brief on situation and follow on actions
- Assess the extent of damage. Which compartments and how many?
- Sound all tanks
- Pollution or fire risk?
- Engineers to have pumping arrangements on standby.
Bridge:
- Position on chart etablished and depth
- Weather and tide forecasts
- Determine if the vessel is being carried into further danger - consider the use of anchors
- Damage stability considerations
- Record all details of the grounding including pictures and video evidence, logbooks etc
Inform others:
- Display appropriate lights and day shapes
- Report to VTS in the area
- Consider urgency or distress if required
Follow up
- Report made to the MAIB as soon as practicable including a brief description of the incident
- Entry made into official logbook describing the sequence of events
- Report sent to current Port State, Classification Society and Flag State
- Inform DPA
Sulphur Oxides regulations
- Emission control areas require fuel coming onboard is of the appropriate SOx content
- Outside of an ECA = 0.5%
- Inside an ECA = 0.1%
Oil Record Book
- Oil tankers >150GT and all ships >400GT
- Failure to carry or incorrect entries can lead to fines/imprisonment
Shall be completed and signed by master after the following operations take place:
- Ballasting or cleaning of oil fuel tanks
- Discharge of dirty ballast or cleaning water from oil fuel tanks (D)
- Collection and disposal of oil residues (sludge and other oil residues) (C)
- Discharge overboard or disposal otherwise of bilge water which has accumulated in machinery spaces
- Bunkering of fuel or bulk lubricating oil (H)
- Any failure of the oil filtering equipment (in OLB also)
- Accidental discharge of oil
International Ship Security Certificate
- 500GT
- Class/flag
- 5 years
- Annual (includes exercise)/intermediate/renewal
- Risk assessment/SSP also reviewed at 5 years
Verifies the ship is operating in compliance with SOLAS ch11-2 and the ISPS code
Sources of weather information
- Own ship
- VHF
- Navtex
- Sat-C
- Internet
- Weather fax
- Local forecasts posted in marinas
How does a wet chemical extinguisher work?
Chemical chain reaction (potassium) which turns fat into a soapy layer
Collision
Initial
- Stop main engines - If imbedded, slight forward momentum may be required
- Close all watertight doors
- Sound general alarm
- Muster crew and passengers - check for casualties or missing persons
Response:
- Establish communications with damage control party and OSC
- OSC to brief on situation and follow on actions
- Assess the extent of damage. Which compartments and how many?
- Sound all tanks
- Pollution or fire risk?
- Engineers to have pumping arrangements on standby.
Bridge:
- Position on chart etablished
- Safe port locations considered
- Weather and tide forecasts
- Determine if the vessel is being carried into further danger - consider the use of anchors
- Damage stability considerations
- Record all details of the grounding including pictures and video evidence, logbooks etc
Inform others:
- Establish comms with other vessel
- Urgency/distress as required
- VTS/Port authority
- Lights/day shapes as required
Other Vessel:
Master is legally obliged to provide the other vessel with the following particulars:
1. The name of his ship
2. Port of registry
3. Port of departure
4. Port of destination
- The Master is further obliged to render all possible assistance to the other vessel until no longer required
Follow up
- Report made to the MAIB as soon as practicable including a brief description of the incident
- Entry made into Official logbook describing the sequence of events
- Report sent to current Port State, Classification Society and Flag State
- Inform DPA
Fire onboard - actions?
Initial:
- Sound the fire alarm
- If possible, tackle the fire immediately
- Reduce speed
- Engage hand steering
- Muster all crew/passengers and check for casualties
Response:
- Chief officer to take the conn
- Close watertight and fire doors
- Instruct Engineers to:
- Fire pumps on
- Bilge pumps on
- Shut down ventilation
- Fuel shut offs
- Electricity to the area
- Confirm no one is in the space and release fixed fire fighting system as required
Fire teams:
- Establish communication with fire teams and OSC. Brief on scenario
- Establish comms with boundary cooling team. Brief on scenario
Bridge:
- Position fixed
- Weather considerations
- Determine if the vessel is being carried into further danger - consider the use of anchors
- Damage stability considerations
- Record all actions and events
Inform others:
- Urgency or distress as required
- Display appropriate lights and day shapes
- Report to VTS in the area
Follow up:
- Accident Report Form
- Inform DPA, Flag, Class, MAIB
- Entry made into OLB including ARF annexed
What is the difference between salvage and towage?
Towage
Any operation in connection with the holding, pushing, pulling, moving, escorting or guiding of or standing by a hirer’s vessel, in return for fixed remuneration.
Salvage
Any act or activity undertaken to assist a vessel or any other property in danger in navigable waters or in any other waters whatsoever.
Accepting Salvage
- Establish radio comms
- Confirm that the vessel is capable of preforming salvage
- Determine whether SCOPIC will be agreed on
- Agree final destination
- Agree currency
- Make a clear and unambiguous statement as to the acceptance of LOF
- Make appropriate entries in the OLB
- Brief the crew
- Record all actions and events
Preparations for entering dry dock
- Dock Master has docking plan (shows hull structure and locations of log, echo sounder, areas to be kept clear etc)
- Stability caluclations completed ensuring adequate GM
- Slight trim by the stern
- Good briefing and agreement of everyone’s roles
- Crew in correct PPE
- Remove Free Surface by emptying of filling tanks
- Engine and steering checks prior to arrival
- Watertight doors closed
- Cranes secured
- Arrange 2 means of access, power, fire lines, etc.
Stowaway actions
- Ensure the safety of the crew and vessel - search for weapons, contain to an area
- Determine the port of embarkation of the stowaway
- Establish the identity and nationality
- Prepare a statement containing all information relevant to the stowaway to present to relevant authorities
- Notifiy existence and relevant details to owner/DPA
- Not to depart from planned voyage for disembarkation
- Ensure stowaway is presented to the relevant authorities upon arrival to next port
- Ensure the security, general health, welfare and safety of the stowaway
What mandatory items is the Master required to report?
SOLAS Chapter 5 Regulation 31.1
The master of every ship which meets with …
- dangerous ice: type, position, time
- a dangerous derelict
- any other direct danger to navigation, or
- a tropical storm: barometric pressure, wind direction/force, sea state, direction it is moving
- encounters sub-freezing air temperatures associated with gale force winds causing severe ice accretion on superstructures: time/date, air temp, sea temp, wind force and direction
- winds of force 10 or above on the Beaufort scale for which no storm warning has been received,
- Is bound to communicate the information by all means at his disposal to ships in the vicinity, and also to the competent authorities.
- Must be free of cost
- Shall be preceeded by the safety signal “Securite”
Masters Navigation Standing Orders
- Reference to being the Masters representative and being responsible for the safety of the vessel and those onboard
- Lookout with reference to Rule 5
- Collision avoidance: CPAs and compliance with COLREGs
- Course monitoring
- Logbooks
- GMDSS watch
- Main engines: full control and at his disposal
- Watch handovers
- Helmsman/autopilot
- Radar
- Navigation with pilot embarked
- At anchor or alongside
- Calling the Master
- “Never hesitate to call the Captain if you are in doubt about any situation. I would rather be called several times for nothing than not be called”
- “If you find yourself thinking about calling the Master, the time has clearly come to do so”
When should the Master be called?
- Entering restricted visibility
- Movements of other vessels causing a concern
- Difficulty experience in following course through heavy traffic, meteorological or sea conditions
- Receiving a distress alert
- Failure to sight land or navigational mark at an expected time
- Encountering land or navigational mark unexpectedly
- Break down of engines, steering gear or essential navigational equipment
- In doubt about possible weather damage
- Any incident or accident that requires medical treatment
- Whenever in any doubt
Ten core safety leadership qualities
- Instil respect and command authority
- Lead the team by example
- Draw on knowledge and experience
- Remain calm in a crisis
- Practise “tough empathy”
- Be sensitive to different cultures
- Recognise seafares limitations
- Motivate a sense of community
- Place the safety of the crew and passengers above everything
- Communicate clearly
Compass checks - what, when, how?
Replace magnets on back?
- Checking the calculated deviation against the deviation card
- Checked once per watch or after every large alteration of course
Transit when in coastal waters
- True bearing on chart
- Compass bearing
- Find compass error
- Use to find deviation
- Compare with deviation card
Amplitude of the sun at sunrise/sunset
- Bearing of sunrise/sunset - half a diameter above the horizon
- Check declination for the day in nautical almanac
- Note latitude
- Norries tables to find true aziumuth (bearing) at rising or setting
- Compare against compass/gyro
Azimuth of a heavenly body
- Take a bearing of sun/heavenly body. Note time
- Find GHA and declination for the sun/heavenly body at that time from nautical almanac
- Find LHA by +/- latitude from GHA
- Enter rapid sight reduction tables with LHA, Lat and declination
- Find Azimuth (true bearing)
- Compare with magnetic/gyro
Replace magnets on back
- Consult manual
- Back of deviation card for magnet locations
- Check to find compass error - can still use if reasonable
- Raise non-conformity and inform DPA/Flag/Class/next port
Sick passenger needs treatment - actions?
- Treat as best as possible onboard using advice from telemedical service
- Contact RCC from ALRS volume 5
- Contact TMAS using Pan Pan and requesting medical assistance
- Sat-C:
- SAC 32 (dr who) - medical advice
- SAC 38 (evacuate) - Medical assistance/evacuation required
- Look to divert to closest port or intercept heli
- Log all actions
What is ISPS?
Entered into force under SOLAS chapter XI-2, on 1 July 2004 following the 9/11 attacks.
- Establish an international Framework fostering cooperation between Governments, local authorities, port facilities and the maritime industry.
- Establish Roles and responsibilities between organisations
- Early and efficient exchange of security related information
- Methodology for ship and port security assessments
- Security measures are in place in ports and onboard ships
How would you check charts are up to date?
ENCs?
- Check against cumulative list using update number in bottom left corner
- Scan QR code
- ENC’s: Chart catalogue/library, check ENCs are green
Gangway requirements
- Correctly arranged
- Adequate lighting
- Lifebuoy and light nearby
- Cargo net
- Correct markings
How to arrange your watchkeepers?
Factors affecting composition of watch team:
- Fatigue
- Traffic
- State of visibility
- Availability of navigational aids
- Whether the vessel is fitted with automatic steering
- Radio duties to be performed
Schedule:
Captain 08:00 -12:00
Chief mate 12:00 – 16:00
2nd officer 16:00 – 20:00
