Final Exam Flashcards
What are the 3 ways that animals can get mastitis?
-bacteria, trauma, and opp and cae
What is the role of lactoferrin?
its a whey protein that chelates iron. It is increased in involuted udders and decreased with high colostrum
Why do we pre-dip vs post-dip?
Pre- environmental bacteria
Post- contagious bacteria
When are cows most susceptible to mastitis?
first and last two weeks during the dry period
-first 2 weeks of lactation
What are the main infectious agents for gangrenous mastitis for large ruminants?
-staph aureus and clostridium perfringens
What are the main agents for acute mastitis? What should their HR be?
-environmental and contagious
Between 80-100
What are the main infectious agents for subacute mastitis?
-contagious and environmentally
How do we detect subclinical mastitis?
-milk is fine, just has increased somatic cells
How big should the umbilical arteries appear on ultrasound?
less than 0.5-1.0 cm `
What is the most common signalment for omphalitis?
-less than 14 days in age
What are the clincial signs of urachus in a healthy neonate vs unhealthy?
healthy ->moist umbilicus, two streams, urine scald
unhealthy -> oomphalitis, lethargy, fever, inappatence
What view would you take for radiographs of the carpus vs tarsus?
Carpus -> dorsal palmar view
Tarsus -> lateral palmar view
Ossificaiton occurs _
centrifugally
How do we treat deformed angles of joints?
Hoof trimming/ glue extensions
Accelerate with periosteal elevation
retardation with transphyseal briding
could do both
Fetlock
Tarsus
Carpus
Conservative <2-3 weeks
Periosteal stripping <4 weeks
Briding 4 weeks
Cessation growth 9 months
<2-3 months, <4 months, 4 months, 21 months
<3-4 months, <6 months, 6 months, 21 months
The main consequnece of a retained placenta is?
low fertility of the cow
How do you treat a retained placenta in a healthy neonate vs unhealthy?
healthy -> nothing. Maybe give calcium and oxytocin
Unhleahty -> ceftiofur, uterine lavage, Nsaids, and oral fluids
When does metritis most likely occur
2 weeks post calving
What is the number one pathogen of metritis?
trueperella pyrogens
When do we see pyometra?
post partum, after first ovulation
What bacteria are commonly associated with mastitis in dogs
colliforms, strep and staph
What antibotic would you use to treat mastitis in cows
oxytetracycline
What route of adminstiration would you use to treat peractue mastitis?
acute?
mild?
kill teat
Iv and IMM
IMM
How long can bitches have lochia for?
3-4 weeks post partum
