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Medical Terminology 2 > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

kinesi/o

A

movement

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2
Q

neur/o

A

nerves

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3
Q

phasia

A

speech

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4
Q

paresis

A

partial paralysis

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5
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

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6
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord

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7
Q

mening/o

A

meninges

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8
Q

asthenia

A

strangth

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9
Q

gli/o

A

gluey substance

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10
Q

esthesia

A

sensation or feeling

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11
Q

myelin sheath

A

a protective substance that covers the axons and helps to speed the conduction of nerve impulses

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12
Q

parkinson’s disease

A

degenerative, slowly progressive deterioration of nerves in the brain stem’s moter system

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13
Q

multiple scelorosis

A

degenerative inflammatory disease of the central nervous system attacking the myelin sheath

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14
Q

ALS

A

severe weakening and wasting of the involved muscle groups, caused by decreased nerve innervation of the muscles

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15
Q

cerebral palsy

A

congenital brain damage that is permanent but not progressive; characterized by lack of control of voluntary muscles

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16
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

unilateral weakness or paralysis of the muscles in the face

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17
Q

cerebellum

A

part of the brain that maintains muscle tone and coordinates movement and balance

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18
Q

cerebrum

A

part of the brain that controls consciousness, memory, sensations, emotions and voluntary movements

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19
Q

epidural hematoma

A

a collection of blood located above the dura mater and below the skull

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20
Q

aphasia

A

inability to communicate through speech, writing or signs

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21
Q

syncope

A

fainting

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22
Q

ataxia

A

without muscle coordination

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23
Q

analgesia

A

without sensitivity to pain

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24
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis of one half of the body, left or right side

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25
Q

hyperesthesia

A

excessive sensitivity to sensory stimuli

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26
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of the lower extremities

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27
Q

dysphasia

A

difficult speech

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28
Q

craniotomy

A

surgical incision into the skull or cranium

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29
Q

dyslexia

A

impairment of the ability to read, letters and words reversed

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30
Q

neuritis

A

inflammation of a nerve

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31
Q

paresthesia

A

numbness or tingling sensation

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32
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all four extremities and the trunk

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33
Q

neuralgia

A

nerve pain

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34
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

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35
Q

ALS

A

amyotrophic lateral scelrosis

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36
Q

CSF

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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37
Q

TENS

A

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

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38
Q

TIA

A

trasient ischemic attack

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39
Q

LP

A

lumbar puncture

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40
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident

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41
Q

MS

A

multiple sclerosis

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42
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalogram

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43
Q

anencephaly

A

absence of the brain and spinal cord at bith

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44
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

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45
Q

lumbar puncture

A

insertion of a hollow needle into the subarachnoid space between the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae under strict aseptic technique

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46
Q

huntington’s chorea

A

inherited neurologicial disease characterized by rapid, jerky, involuntary movements and increased dementia

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47
Q

laminectomy

A

surgical removal of the bony arches from one or more vertebrae

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48
Q

Babinski’s reflex

A

reflex tested by stroking the sole of the foot, beginning at mid-heal and moving upward and lateral to the toes

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49
Q

grand mal seizure

A

an epileptic seizure characterized by sudden loss of consciousness and by generalized involuntary muscle contraction vacillating between rigid body extension and alternating contracting and relaxing of muscles

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50
Q

tic douloureux

A

short periods of servere pain along the 5th cranial nerve

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51
Q

enter/o

A

intestine

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52
Q

bucc/o

A

cheeck

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53
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

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54
Q

pepsia

A

state of digestion

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55
Q

chol/e

A

bile

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56
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

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57
Q

col/o

A

colon

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58
Q

proct/o

A

anus or rectum

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59
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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60
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

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61
Q

lapar/o

A

abdominal wall

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62
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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63
Q

phagia

A

to eat

64
Q

odont/o

A

teeth

65
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

66
Q

Jaundice

A

yellow discoloration of the liver

67
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

68
Q

Borborygmus

A

audible sound of the abdominal cavity produced by hyperactive peristalsis

69
Q

anal fistula

A

an abnormal passageway in the skin near the anus

70
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

digestive inflammation causing fever, cramping, diarrhea, weight loss, and anorexia

71
Q

intussusception

A

telescoping of a part of the intestine into another portion of the intestine

72
Q

irritable bowel syndrome

A

increased motility of the small and/ or large intestine with abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea, anorexia, and the trapping of gas throughout the intestines

73
Q

thrush

A

a fungal infection in the mouth and throat creating creamy white patches on the tonuge

74
Q

Barium Swallow

A

oral administration of radiopaque contrast medium to view the upper digestive tract

75
Q

Celiac disease

A

nutrient malabsorption due to damage to the small bowel mucosa

76
Q

Ulcerative Colitis

A

a chronic inflammatory condition resulting in a break in the continuity of the mucous membrane lining of the colon. Characterized by large water diarrheal stool containing mucous, pus, or blood

77
Q

peptic ulcer

A

a break in the mucous membrane lining of the stomach as a result of hyperacidity or the presence of the bacteria helicobacter pylori

78
Q

fundus

A

the upper round portion of the stomach

79
Q

pylorus

A

the lower tubular part of the stomach

80
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

regulates the passage of food from the stomach to the duodenum

81
Q

cardiac sphincter

A

regulates the passage of food from the esophagus to the stomach

82
Q

sublingual

A

salivary gland that is located under the tongue

83
Q

palate

A

the structure that forms the roof of the mouth

84
Q

gallbladder

A

the pear shaped sac that is on the underside of the liver

85
Q

3 parts of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

86
Q

sial/o

A

saliva

87
Q

rrhaphy

A

suturing

88
Q

eructation

A

belching

89
Q

flatulence

A

air or gas in the intestine that is passed through the rectum

90
Q

emesis

A

to vomit

91
Q

plasty

A

surgical repair

92
Q

volvuls

A

an intestinal obstruction caused by loops of bowel twisting on itself

93
Q

anastamosis

A

the surgical connection of two hollow, tubular structure

94
Q

rugae

A

folds in the mucous membrane of the stomach

95
Q

diverticulum

A

a non- inflamed outpouching or herniation of the muscular layer of the intestine

96
Q

hemorrhoids

A

unnaturally distended or swolled veins in the distal rectum or anus

97
Q

choloecystectomy

A

the surgicl removal of the gall bladder

98
Q

colonoscopy

A

the direct visualization of the colon using a fiberoptic scope

99
Q

herniorrhaphy

A

the surgical repair of a hernia by closing the defect with sutures

100
Q

lavage

A

the process of washing out an organ, usually the bladder, bowel, paranasal sinuses or stomach

101
Q

a.c.

A

before meals

102
Q

N&V

A

nausea and vomiting

103
Q

BE

A

barium enema

104
Q

HCI

A

hydrochloric acid

105
Q

n.p.o.

A

nothing by mouth

106
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

107
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

108
Q

acr/o

A

extremities

109
Q

aden/o

A

gland

110
Q

adren/o

A

adrenal glands

111
Q

crine

A

secrete

112
Q

dips/o

A

thirst

113
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar, sweet

114
Q

kal/i

A

potassium

115
Q

lact/o

A

milk

116
Q

natr/i

A

sodium

117
Q

oxy

A

sharp, quick

118
Q

ADH antidiuretic hormone

A

decreases the excretion of urine from the body

119
Q

ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

stimulates normal growth and development of the adrenal cortex and the secretion of corticosterioids

120
Q

TSH thyroid stimulating hormone

A

promotes the normal growth and development of the thyroid gland and thyroid hormones

121
Q

OT oxytocin

A

stimulates contractions of the uterus during childbirth and the release of milk from the breasts

122
Q

FSH follicle stimulating hormone

A

stimulates the secretion of estrogen for the production of eggs and testosterone for the production of sperm

123
Q

LTH lactogenic hormone

A

promotes the development of the breasts during pregnancy; also known as prolactin

124
Q

MSH melanocyte stimulating hormone

A

controls the intensity of pigmentantion in the skin

125
Q

LH luteinizing hormone

A

stimulates female ovulation and secretion of testosterone

126
Q

GH growth hormone

A

regulates the growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissues

127
Q

hemoglobin A1C Test

A

blood test that shows the average level of glucose in a patients blood during the last 3 months

128
Q

thyroid function tests

A

tests that measure blood levels of hormones T3,T4 and TSH

129
Q

pancreas

A

contains the islets of langerhans that produce hormones for the body

130
Q

progesterone

A

responsible for changes that occur in the uterus in anticipation of a fertilized ovum

131
Q

acromegaly

A

enlargement of the bones of the face, jaw, and extremities due to oversecretion of the pituitary gland after puberty

132
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

form of diabetes where the islets of langerhans fail to produce an adequate amount of insulin

133
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

type of diabetes most characterized by polydipsia and polyuria

134
Q

gigantism

A

excessive size and hight due to oversecretion of the pituitary gland before puberty

135
Q

gonads

A

the medical term for sex glands

136
Q

hypokalemia

A

elevated potassium levels in the blood

137
Q

ketoacidosis

A

acidosis caused by an accumulation of ketone bodies in the body; faulty carbohydrate metabolism

138
Q

polyuria

A

excretion of large amounts of urine

139
Q

goiter

A

hyperplasia of the thyroid gland

140
Q

Grave’s disease

A

hypertrophy of the thyroid gland resulting in excessive secretion of the thyroid hormone; characterized by bulging eyeballs

141
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome

A

disorder of the adrenal gland that results in the increased release of cortisol or ACTH

142
Q

myx/o

A

relating to mucous

143
Q

andr/o

A

man, male

144
Q

pituitary gland

A

the master gland that has an anterior and a posterior section

145
Q

thyroid gland

A

the gland located below the larynx that helps to control metabolism

146
Q

pancreas

A

the elongated gland behind the stomach that has an exocrine as well as and endocrine function

147
Q

adrenal gland

A

the two small glands on top of the kidneys that have a cortex and a medulla

148
Q

IDDM

A

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

149
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

150
Q

GH

A

growth hormone

151
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

152
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

153
Q

FSB

A

fasting blood surgar

154
Q

GTT

A

glucose tolerance test

155
Q

K

A

potassium

156
Q

Na

A

sodium

157
Q

VLDL

A

very-low-density lipoprotein

Medical Terminology 2 (10 decks)

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