Chapter 12 The Digestive System Flashcards
amyl/o
starch
append/o
appendix
appendic/o
appendix
-ase
enzyme
bil/i
bile
bucc/o
cheek
cec/o
cecum
celi/o
pertaining to the abdomen
-centesis
surgical puncture
cheil/o
lips
chol/e
bile
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
choledoch/o
common bile duct
cirrh/o
yellow, tawny
col/o
colon
colon/o
colon
dent/o
tooth
duoden/o
duodenum
-ectasia
stretching or dilatation
-ectomy
surgical removal
-emesis
to vomit
enter/o
intestine
esophag/o
esophagus
gastr/o
stomach
gingiv/o
gums
gloss/o
tounge
gluc/o
sugar, sweet
glyc/o
sugar, sweet
hepat/o
liver
-iasis
presence of an abnormal condition
ile/o
ileum
jejun/o
jejunum
lapar/o
abdominal wall
lingu/o
tongue
lip/o
fat
lith/o
stone
-lysis
destruction, detachment
mandibul/o
mandible
odont/o
teeth
or/o
mouth
pancreat/o
pancreas
-pepsia
state of digestion
-phagia
to eat
pharyng/o
pharynx
peritone/o
peritoneum
-plasty
surgical repair
proct/o
anus
rect/o
rectum
-rrhagia
excessive flow
-rrhaphy
suturing
sial/o
saliva
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
-spasm
twitching
splen/o
spleen
steat/o
fat
stomat/o
mouth
-tresia
perforation
-tripsy
intentional crushing
achlorhydria
absence of hydronchloric acid
adhesions
fibrous bands which form in the abdoninal cavity
anorexia
lack or loss of appetite, inability to eat
aphagia
loss of the ability to swallow as a result of organic or psychological causes
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity
borborygmus
an audible abdominal sound produced by hyperactive intestinal peristalsis
constipation
difficulty in passing stools
diarrhea
frequent passage of loose, watery stools
dyspepsia
vague feeling of epigastric discomfort after eating
dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing,
emaciation
excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition
emesis
material expelled from the stomach during vomitus
erictaton
act of bringing up air from the stomach with a characteristic sound through the mouth
flatus; flatulence
air or gas in the intestine that is passed through the rectum
gastroesophageal reflux
backflow of contents of stomach into esophagus
icterus
yellowish discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera of the eyes
melena
abnormal, black, tarry stool containing digested blood
nausea
unpleasant sensation often leading to the urge to vomit
pruritus ani
common chronic condition of itching of the skin around the anus
steatorrhea
greater than normal amounts of fat in the feces
vomit
to expel the contents of the stomach through the esophagus and out the mouth
achalasia
decreased mobility of the lower two-thirds of the esophagus, constriction of the lower esophageal sphincter
anal fistula
abnormal passageway in the skin surface near the anus connecting with the rectum
aphthous stomatitis
small inflammatory noninfectious ulcerated lesions occurring in the lips, tongue, and inside the cheeks of the mouth
canker sores
appendicitis
inflammation of the vermiform appendix
celiac disease
nutrient malabsorption due to damaged small bowel mucosa
cirrhosis
disease of the liver that is chronic and degenerative causing injury to the hepatocytes
colorectal cancer
malignant neoplasm in the large intestine
constipation
decrease in the frequency of bowel movements and the passge of hard, dry stools
crohn’s disease
digestive tract inflammation of a chronic nature
dental caries
tooth decy
dysentery
painful intestinal inflammation typically caused by ingesting water or food containing bacteria, protozoa, parasites, or chemical irritants
diverticulosis
non-inflamed outpouchings or herniations of the muscular layer of the intestines, typically the sigmoid colon
diverticulitis
inflammation of these outpouchings
esophageal varices
swollen, twisted veins located in the distal end of the esophagus
gallstones (cholelithiasis)
pigmented or hardened cholesterol stones formed as a result of bile crystallization
hemorrhoids
an unnaturally distended or swollen vein in the distal rectum or anus
hepatitis
acute or chronic inflammation of the liver due to a viral or bacterial infection
hernia
irregular protrusion of tissue, organ, or a portion of an organ through an abnormal break in the surrounding cavity’s muscular will
herpetic stomatitis
inflammatory infectious lesions in or on the oral cavity occurring as a primary or secondary viral infection caused by herpes simplex
ileus
obstruction of the intestine
intestinal obstruction
complete or partial alteration in the forward flow of the contents in the small or large intestines
intussusception
telescoping of a portion of proximal intestine into distal intestine usually in the ileocecal region causing an obstruction
irritable bowel syndrome spastic colon
increased motility of the small or large intestinal wall resulting in abdoninal pain
oral leukoplakia
precancerous lesion occurring anywhere in the mouth
pancreatitis
acute or chronic destructive inflammatory condition of the pancreas
peptic ulcers
break in the continuity of the mucous membrane lining of the gastrointestinal tract as a result of hyperacidity or the bacterium, h pylori
periodontal disease
group of inflammatory gum disorders
polyps, colorectal
small growths projecting from the mucous membrane of the colon or rectum
thrush
fungal infection in the mouth and throat producing slightly raised curdlike patches on the toungue caused by candida albicans
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammatory condition resulting in a break in the continuity of the mucous membrane lining of the colon
volvulus
rotation of loops of bowel causing a twisting on itself that results in an intestinal obstruction
abdominal ultrasound
sound waves provide visualization of the internal organs of the abdomen
abdominocentesis (paracentesis)
insertion of a needle into abdominal cavity to remove excess fluid
alkaline phosphatase (alp
enzyme secreted no4rmally from pancreatic cells, aids in digestion
appendectomy
surgical removal of the inflamed appendix
barium enema (BE)
infusion of a radiopaque contrast medium, barium sulfate
barium swallow (upper GI series)
oral administration of a radiopaque contrast medium that flows into the esophagus when swallowed
cheiloplasty
surgically correcting a defect of the lip
cholecystectomy
surgical removal of the gallbladder
cholecystography (oral)
visualization of the gallbladder through x-ray after oral ingestion of pills containing a radiopaque iodinated dye
colostomy
surgical creation of a new opening on the abdominal wall through which the feces will be expelled
CT of the abdomen
noninvasive x-ray procedure
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
examines the size of and filing of the pancreatic and biliary ducts through direct radiographic visualization
esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
upper endoscopy, visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum using a lighted fibroptic endoscope
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (eswl)
the use of shockwaves to crush the gallstones allowing peices to pass
fluoroscopy
used to examine the function of an organ or body part
gastric analysis
study of stomach contents to determine the acid content and detect the presence of blood, bacteria, bile, and abnormal cells
gastric lavage
irrigation or washing out of the stomach with sterile water or a saline solution
herniorrhaphy
surgical repair of a hernia by closing the defect using sutures
liver biopsy
piece of liver tissue obtained for examination by inserting a specially designed needle into the live through the abdominal wall
liver scan
visualization of shape and size of liver after injecting a radioactive compound
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
procedure that provides visualization of fluid, soft tissue, and bony structures without the use of radiation
nasogastric intubation
placement of a tube through the nose into the stomach
percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) or (PTHC)
examination of the bile duct structure using a needle directly into a bile duct to inject a contrast medium
serum bilirubin
measurement of bilirubin level in serum
serum glutamic-oxaloactetic transaminase (SGOT)
enzyme that has very high concentration in liver cells
anastomosis
surgical connection of two hollow, tubular structures
gastrojejunostomy
establishment of an anastomosis between the stomach and jejunum
billroth l
excision of the pylorus with gastroduodenostomy
billroth ll
resection of the pylorus and the lesser curvature of the stomach with gastrojejunostomy
ileostomy
surgical creation of a new opening of the ileum through the abdominal wall
gastroscopy
visual examination of the stomach
ova and parasites (O&P)
examination of feces for intestinal parasites or their eggs
gastric bypass
bariatric procedure in which part of the stomach is stapled shut and a new connection is created between the remaining gastric pouch and the duodenum
vagotomy
division of one or more branches of the vagus nerve to decrease acid production in the stomach
pyloroplasty
surgical repair of a stenotic or congenitally closed pyloric sphincter
a.c.
before meals
Ba
barium
BE
barium enema
b.i.d.
twice a day
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
GI
gastrointestinal
HCI
hydrochloric acid
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
N&V
nausea and vomiting
NG
nasogastric
NPO, n.p.o.
nothing by mouth
p.c.
after meals
