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Medical Terminology 2 > Chapter 12 The Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 12 The Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

amyl/o

A

starch

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2
Q

append/o

A

appendix

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3
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

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4
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

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5
Q

bil/i

A

bile

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6
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

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7
Q

cec/o

A

cecum

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8
Q

celi/o

A

pertaining to the abdomen

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9
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture

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10
Q

cheil/o

A

lips

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11
Q

chol/e

A

bile

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12
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

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13
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

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14
Q

cirrh/o

A

yellow, tawny

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15
Q

col/o

A

colon

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16
Q

colon/o

A

colon

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17
Q

dent/o

A

tooth

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18
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

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19
Q

-ectasia

A

stretching or dilatation

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20
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical removal

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21
Q

-emesis

A

to vomit

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22
Q

enter/o

A

intestine

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23
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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24
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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25
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

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26
Q

gloss/o

A

tounge

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27
Q

gluc/o

A

sugar, sweet

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28
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar, sweet

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29
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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30
Q

-iasis

A

presence of an abnormal condition

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31
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

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32
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

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33
Q

lapar/o

A

abdominal wall

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34
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

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35
Q

lip/o

A

fat

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36
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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37
Q

-lysis

A

destruction, detachment

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38
Q

mandibul/o

A

mandible

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39
Q

odont/o

A

teeth

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40
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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41
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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42
Q

-pepsia

A

state of digestion

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43
Q

-phagia

A

to eat

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44
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

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45
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum

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46
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

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47
Q

proct/o

A

anus

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48
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

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49
Q

-rrhagia

A

excessive flow

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50
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suturing

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51
Q

sial/o

A

saliva

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52
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

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53
Q

-spasm

A

twitching

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54
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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55
Q

steat/o

A

fat

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56
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

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57
Q

-tresia

A

perforation

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58
Q

-tripsy

A

intentional crushing

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59
Q

achlorhydria

A

absence of hydronchloric acid

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60
Q

adhesions

A

fibrous bands which form in the abdoninal cavity

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61
Q

anorexia

A

lack or loss of appetite, inability to eat

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62
Q

aphagia

A

loss of the ability to swallow as a result of organic or psychological causes

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63
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity

64
Q

borborygmus

A

an audible abdominal sound produced by hyperactive intestinal peristalsis

65
Q

constipation

A

difficulty in passing stools

66
Q

diarrhea

A

frequent passage of loose, watery stools

67
Q

dyspepsia

A

vague feeling of epigastric discomfort after eating

68
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing,

69
Q

emaciation

A

excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition

70
Q

emesis

A

material expelled from the stomach during vomitus

71
Q

erictaton

A

act of bringing up air from the stomach with a characteristic sound through the mouth

72
Q

flatus; flatulence

A

air or gas in the intestine that is passed through the rectum

73
Q

gastroesophageal reflux

A

backflow of contents of stomach into esophagus

74
Q

icterus

A

yellowish discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera of the eyes

75
Q

melena

A

abnormal, black, tarry stool containing digested blood

76
Q

nausea

A

unpleasant sensation often leading to the urge to vomit

77
Q

pruritus ani

A

common chronic condition of itching of the skin around the anus

78
Q

steatorrhea

A

greater than normal amounts of fat in the feces

79
Q

vomit

A

to expel the contents of the stomach through the esophagus and out the mouth

80
Q

achalasia

A

decreased mobility of the lower two-thirds of the esophagus, constriction of the lower esophageal sphincter

81
Q

anal fistula

A

abnormal passageway in the skin surface near the anus connecting with the rectum

82
Q

aphthous stomatitis

A

small inflammatory noninfectious ulcerated lesions occurring in the lips, tongue, and inside the cheeks of the mouth
canker sores

83
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the vermiform appendix

84
Q

celiac disease

A

nutrient malabsorption due to damaged small bowel mucosa

85
Q

cirrhosis

A

disease of the liver that is chronic and degenerative causing injury to the hepatocytes

86
Q

colorectal cancer

A

malignant neoplasm in the large intestine

87
Q

constipation

A

decrease in the frequency of bowel movements and the passge of hard, dry stools

88
Q

crohn’s disease

A

digestive tract inflammation of a chronic nature

89
Q

dental caries

A

tooth decy

90
Q

dysentery

A

painful intestinal inflammation typically caused by ingesting water or food containing bacteria, protozoa, parasites, or chemical irritants

91
Q

diverticulosis

A

non-inflamed outpouchings or herniations of the muscular layer of the intestines, typically the sigmoid colon

92
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of these outpouchings

93
Q

esophageal varices

A

swollen, twisted veins located in the distal end of the esophagus

94
Q

gallstones (cholelithiasis)

A

pigmented or hardened cholesterol stones formed as a result of bile crystallization

95
Q

hemorrhoids

A

an unnaturally distended or swollen vein in the distal rectum or anus

96
Q

hepatitis

A

acute or chronic inflammation of the liver due to a viral or bacterial infection

97
Q

hernia

A

irregular protrusion of tissue, organ, or a portion of an organ through an abnormal break in the surrounding cavity’s muscular will

98
Q

herpetic stomatitis

A

inflammatory infectious lesions in or on the oral cavity occurring as a primary or secondary viral infection caused by herpes simplex

99
Q

ileus

A

obstruction of the intestine

100
Q

intestinal obstruction

A

complete or partial alteration in the forward flow of the contents in the small or large intestines

101
Q

intussusception

A

telescoping of a portion of proximal intestine into distal intestine usually in the ileocecal region causing an obstruction

102
Q

irritable bowel syndrome spastic colon

A

increased motility of the small or large intestinal wall resulting in abdoninal pain

103
Q

oral leukoplakia

A

precancerous lesion occurring anywhere in the mouth

104
Q

pancreatitis

A

acute or chronic destructive inflammatory condition of the pancreas

105
Q

peptic ulcers

A

break in the continuity of the mucous membrane lining of the gastrointestinal tract as a result of hyperacidity or the bacterium, h pylori

106
Q

periodontal disease

A

group of inflammatory gum disorders

107
Q

polyps, colorectal

A

small growths projecting from the mucous membrane of the colon or rectum

108
Q

thrush

A

fungal infection in the mouth and throat producing slightly raised curdlike patches on the toungue caused by candida albicans

109
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic inflammatory condition resulting in a break in the continuity of the mucous membrane lining of the colon

110
Q

volvulus

A

rotation of loops of bowel causing a twisting on itself that results in an intestinal obstruction

111
Q

abdominal ultrasound

A

sound waves provide visualization of the internal organs of the abdomen

112
Q

abdominocentesis (paracentesis)

A

insertion of a needle into abdominal cavity to remove excess fluid

113
Q

alkaline phosphatase (alp

A

enzyme secreted no4rmally from pancreatic cells, aids in digestion

114
Q

appendectomy

A

surgical removal of the inflamed appendix

115
Q

barium enema (BE)

A

infusion of a radiopaque contrast medium, barium sulfate

116
Q

barium swallow (upper GI series)

A

oral administration of a radiopaque contrast medium that flows into the esophagus when swallowed

117
Q

cheiloplasty

A

surgically correcting a defect of the lip

118
Q

cholecystectomy

A

surgical removal of the gallbladder

119
Q

cholecystography (oral)

A

visualization of the gallbladder through x-ray after oral ingestion of pills containing a radiopaque iodinated dye

120
Q

colostomy

A

surgical creation of a new opening on the abdominal wall through which the feces will be expelled

121
Q

CT of the abdomen

A

noninvasive x-ray procedure

122
Q

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

A

examines the size of and filing of the pancreatic and biliary ducts through direct radiographic visualization

123
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

A

upper endoscopy, visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum using a lighted fibroptic endoscope

124
Q

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (eswl)

A

the use of shockwaves to crush the gallstones allowing peices to pass

125
Q

fluoroscopy

A

used to examine the function of an organ or body part

126
Q

gastric analysis

A

study of stomach contents to determine the acid content and detect the presence of blood, bacteria, bile, and abnormal cells

127
Q

gastric lavage

A

irrigation or washing out of the stomach with sterile water or a saline solution

128
Q

herniorrhaphy

A

surgical repair of a hernia by closing the defect using sutures

129
Q

liver biopsy

A

piece of liver tissue obtained for examination by inserting a specially designed needle into the live through the abdominal wall

130
Q

liver scan

A

visualization of shape and size of liver after injecting a radioactive compound

131
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

procedure that provides visualization of fluid, soft tissue, and bony structures without the use of radiation

132
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

placement of a tube through the nose into the stomach

133
Q

percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) or (PTHC)

A

examination of the bile duct structure using a needle directly into a bile duct to inject a contrast medium

134
Q

serum bilirubin

A

measurement of bilirubin level in serum

135
Q

serum glutamic-oxaloactetic transaminase (SGOT)

A

enzyme that has very high concentration in liver cells

136
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical connection of two hollow, tubular structures

137
Q

gastrojejunostomy

A

establishment of an anastomosis between the stomach and jejunum

138
Q

billroth l

A

excision of the pylorus with gastroduodenostomy

139
Q

billroth ll

A

resection of the pylorus and the lesser curvature of the stomach with gastrojejunostomy

140
Q

ileostomy

A

surgical creation of a new opening of the ileum through the abdominal wall

141
Q

gastroscopy

A

visual examination of the stomach

142
Q

ova and parasites (O&P)

A

examination of feces for intestinal parasites or their eggs

143
Q

gastric bypass

A

bariatric procedure in which part of the stomach is stapled shut and a new connection is created between the remaining gastric pouch and the duodenum

144
Q

vagotomy

A

division of one or more branches of the vagus nerve to decrease acid production in the stomach

145
Q

pyloroplasty

A

surgical repair of a stenotic or congenitally closed pyloric sphincter

146
Q

a.c.

A

before meals

147
Q

Ba

A

barium

148
Q

BE

A

barium enema

149
Q

b.i.d.

A

twice a day

150
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

151
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

152
Q

HCI

A

hydrochloric acid

153
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel syndrome

154
Q

N&V

A

nausea and vomiting

155
Q

NG

A

nasogastric

156
Q

NPO, n.p.o.

A

nothing by mouth

157
Q

p.c.

A

after meals

Medical Terminology 2 (10 decks)

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