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Medical Terminology 2 > Chapter 13 Endocrine system > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

acr/o

A

extremities

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2
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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3
Q

adren/o, adrenal/o

A

adrenal glands

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4
Q

andr/o

A

man, male

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5
Q

calc/o

A

calcium

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6
Q

cortic/o

A

cortex

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7
Q

crin/o, -crine

A

secrete

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8
Q

dips/o, -dipsia

A

thirst

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9
Q

glyc/o, gluc/o

A

sugar, sweet

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10
Q

gonad/o

A

sex glands

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11
Q

kal/i

A

potassium

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12
Q

lact/o

A

milk

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13
Q

myx/o

A

relating to mucus

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14
Q

natr/i

A

sodium

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15
Q

oxy-

A

sharp, quick

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16
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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17
Q

somat/o

A

body

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18
Q

thyr/o, thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

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19
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

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20
Q

toxic/o

A

poisons

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21
Q

-tropin

A

stimulating effect of a hormone

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22
Q

-uria

A

urine condition

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23
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

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24
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

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25
Q

Ca

A

calcium

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26
Q

DI

A

diabetes insipidus

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27
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

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28
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood surgar

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29
Q

GH

A

growth hormone

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30
Q

GTT

A

glucose tolerance test

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31
Q

HDL

A

high-density lipoprotein

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32
Q

IDDM

A

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

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33
Q

K

A

potassium

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34
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

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35
Q

Na

A

sodium

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36
Q

NIDDM

A

non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

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37
Q

OT

A

oxytocin

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38
Q

PTH

A

parathyroid hormone

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39
Q

TSH

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone

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40
Q

TFT

A

thyroid function test

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41
Q

VLDL

A

very-low-density lipoprotein

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42
Q

anterior pituitary

A 
GH- growth
ACTH- controls adrenal cortex
TSH- maintains thyroid
LTH- manufacture of milk
FSH- production of eggs
LH- ovulation
MSH- intensity of pigmentation
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43
Q

posterior, pituitary

A

ADH- decrease in urine secreation

OT- stimulates uterus/ milk

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44
Q

pineal

A

melatonin- sleep

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45
Q

thyroid

A

T3- control metabolism and tempature
T4- metabolism and tempature
calcitonin- regulates calcium

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46
Q

parathyroid

A

PTH- regulates calcium in blood

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47
Q

thymus

A

thymosin- immune response

thymopoietin- immune response

48
Q

adrenal cortex

A

mineralocorticoids- regulates mineral salts
glucocorticoids- regulate carbon
gonadocorticoids- sex hormones

49
Q

adrenal medulla

A

adrenaline- emergency response

noradrenaline- smaller diameter greater pressure

50
Q

pancreas

A

glucagon- rise blood sugar

insulin- lowers blood sugar

51
Q

ovaries

A

estrogen- maturation of ovum

progesterone- changes within uters

52
Q

testes

A

testosterone- male

53
Q

acromegaly

A

metabolic condition, enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face, jaw and extremities

54
Q

adenohypophysis

A

the anterior pituitary gland

55
Q

adenoma

A

a glandular tumor

56
Q

adenopathy

A

any disease of a gland, characterized by enlargement

57
Q

adrenalectomy

A

surgical removal of one or both of the adrenal glands

58
Q

adrenocortical

A

pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal gland

59
Q

androgen

A

any steroid hormone that increases male characteristics

60
Q

cortisol

A

a steroid hormone occurring naturally in the body

61
Q

dwarfism

A

a condition in which there is an abnormal underdevelopment of the body

62
Q

endocrinologist

A

a physician who specializes in the medical practice of treating the diseases and disorders of the endocrine system

63
Q

endocrinology

A

the study of the endocrine system and treatment of the diseases and disorders

64
Q

epinephrine

A

hormone produced by the adrenal medulla

65
Q

euthyroid

A

pertaining to a normally functioning thyroid gland

66
Q

exocrine gland

A

a gland that opens onto the surface of the skin

67
Q

exophthalmia, exophthalmos

A

abnormal condition outward protrusion of the eyeballs

68
Q

glucagon

A

hormone secreted by the islets of the langerhans of the pancreas

69
Q

glucogenesis

A

formation of glycogen from fatty acids and proteins

70
Q

glucose

A

simplest form of sugar in the body

71
Q

glycogensis

A

conversion of the excess glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver

72
Q

glycosuria

A

presence of sugar in the urine

73
Q

goiter

A

enlargement of the thyroid gland, excessive growth

74
Q

hypercalcemia

A

elevated blood calcium level

75
Q

hyperglycemia

A

elevated blood sugar level

76
Q

hypergonadism

A

excessive activity of the ovaries or testes

77
Q

hyperinsulinism

A

excessive amount of insulin in the body

78
Q

hyperkalemia

A

elevated blood potassium level

79
Q

hypernatremia

A

elevated blood sodium level

80
Q

hyperparathyroidism (hypercalcemia)

A

hyperactivity of any of the four parathyroid glands, resulting in an over secretion of the parathyroid hormone

81
Q

hyperpituitarism

A

over activity of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

82
Q

hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease)

A

over activity of the thyroid gland

83
Q

hypocalcemia

A

less than normal blood calcium level

84
Q

hypoglycemia

A

less than normal blood sugar level

85
Q

hypokalemia

A

less than normal potassium level

86
Q

polydipisa

A

excessive thirst

87
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive eating

88
Q

polyuria

A

excretion of excessively large amounts of urine

89
Q

thymopoietin

A

hormone secreted by the thymus stimulates production of T-Cells

90
Q

thymosin

A

hormone secreted by the thymus stimulates the production of specialized lymphocytes

91
Q

thyroiditis

A

inflammation of the thyroid gland

92
Q

thyroxine

A

hormone secreted by the thyroid gland maintains normal body metabolism

93
Q

triiodothyronine

A

hormone secreted by the thyroid gland helps regulate growth and development of the body

94
Q

virilsm

A

development of masculine physical traits in the female

95
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

deficiency in secretion of anti-diuretic hormone by posterior pituitary gland

96
Q

gigantism

A

proportional overgrowth of body’s tissue due to hyper-secretion of human growth hormone before puberty

97
Q

cancer, thyroid gland

A

malignant tumor of the thyroid gland

98
Q

hypothyroidism

A

shortage of thyroid hormone causing an extremely low body metabolism

99
Q

thyrotoxicosis (thyroid storm)

A

acute, sometimes fatal incident of over activity of the thyroid gland resulting in excessive secretion of thyroid hormone

100
Q

hypoparathyroidism (hypocalcemia)

A

dereased production of parathyroid hormone

101
Q

Addison’s disease

A

failure of the adrenal cortex to secrete adequate mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids

102
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

excessive amount of cortisol or ACTH circulating in blood

103
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

the pancreas fails to produce an adequate amount of insulin
type1- insulin-dependent
type2- non- insulin- dependent

104
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

disorder of blood vessels of retina in which capillaries of the retina undergo localized areas of bulging

105
Q

gestational diabetes

A

a form of diabetes during pregnancy

106
Q

pancreatic cancer

A

primary malignant neoplasm typically found in head of pancreas

107
Q

pancreatitis

A

acute or chronic destructive inflammatory condition of the pancreas

108
Q

fasting blood sugar FBS

A

blood glucose sample taken usually early in the morning

109
Q

glucose tolerance test GTT

A

test that evaluates person’s ability to tolerate a concentrated oral glucose load by measuring glucose leves

110
Q

hemoglobin A1C test

A

blood test that shows the average level of glucose in a persons blood during last 3 months

111
Q

serum glucose tests

A

tests that measure amount of glucose in blood at time sample was drawn

112
Q

thyroid echogram (ultrasound)

A

examination to distinguish solid thyroid nodules from cystic nodules

113
Q

thyroid function tests

A

test that measure blood levels of hormone T3, T4 and TSH

114
Q

thyroid scan

A

examination to determine position, size, shape, and physiological function of thyroid gland

115
Q

thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH

A

measures concentration of TSH in blood

Medical Terminology 2 (10 decks)

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