Chapter 8 Nervous System Flashcards
alges/o
sensitivity to pain
brady-
slow
cerebell/o
cerebellum
-esthesia
sensation or feeling
cerbr/o
cerebrum
-kinesi/o
movement
-lexia
reading
esthesi/o
feeling, sensation
thec/o
sheath
ventricul/o
ventricle of brain
ton/o
tension, tone
narc/o
sleep
encephal/o
brain
crani/o
cranium
myel/o
spinal cord
-paresis
partial paralysis
-phasia
speech
-plegia
paralysis
-algia
pain
a-
without
an-
without
alges/o
sensitivity to pain
-asthenia
strength
gli/o
gluey substance
-kinesia
movement
menig/o
meninges
neur/o
nerve
-praxia
perform
ALS
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
CNS
central nervous system
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
CVA
cerebrovascular accident
EEG
electroencephalogram
LP
lumbar puncture
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
MS
multiple sclerosis
PET
positron emission tomography
PNS
peripheral nervous system
REM
rapid eye movement
SNS
somatic nervous system
TENS
trancutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
TIA
transient ischemic attack
absence seizure
a small seizure in which there is a sudden temporary loss of consciousness lasting only a few seconds
acetylcholine
chemical substance that facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses from one nerve to another
afferent nerves
transmitters of nerve impulses toward the CNS
agnosia
loss of mental ability to understand sensory stimuli
agraphia
the inability to convert ones thoughts into writing
alexia
inability to understand written words
aneurysm
a localized dilatation in the wall of an artery that expands with each pulsation of the artery
aphasia
inability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs
apraxia
inability to perform coordinated movements or use objects properly
arachnoid membrane
web like middle layer of the three membranous layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord
astrocyte
star-shaped neurogllia cell found in the CNS
astrocytoma
tumor of the brain or spinal cord composed of astrocytes
ataxia
without muscular coordination
aura
sensation an individual experiences prior to the onset of a migraine headache
autonomic nervous system
part that regulates the involuntary vital functions of the body
axon
part of the nerve cell that transports nerve impulses away from the nerve cell body
blood-brain barrier
protective characteristic of the capillary walls of the brain that prevents the passage of harmful substances
burr hole
a hole drilled into the skull using a form of drill
caucla equina
the lower end of the spinal cord and the roots of the spinal nerves that occupy the spinal canal
causalgia
a sensation of an acute burning pain along the path of a peripheral nerve
cephalalgia
headache
cerebral concussion
brief interruption of brain function
cerebral contusion
small scattered venous hemorrhages in the brain
cerebrum
the largest part of the brain
cerebellum
part of the brain responsible for coordinating voluntary muscular movement
contracture
permanent shortening of a muscle causing a joint to remain in a abnormally flexed position
convolution / gyrus
one of the many elevated folds of the surface of the cerebrum
dura mater
the outermost of the three membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord
hemiplegia
full paralysis of one half of the body
kinesiology
the study of muscle movement
lethargy
a state of being sluggish
meninges
the three layers of protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
nuchal rigidity
rigidity of the neck
palliative
soothing
paraplegia
paralysis of the lower extremities and trunk, due to spinal cord injury
parasympathomimetic
nerves of the ANS that regulate essential involuntary body functions
paresthesia
a sensation of numbness or tingling
pia mater
the innermost of the three membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord
pineal body
small cone shaped structure, regulates the body’s biological clock
pons
part of the brain located between the medulla oblongata and the mid brain
rhizotomy
surgical resection of a spinal nerve root
subarachnoid space
space located just under the arachnoid membrane contains cerebrospinal fluid
subdural space
space located just beneath the dura mater contains serous fluid
sympathomimetic
copying or producing the same effects as those of the sympathetic nerves “to mimic”
tonic-clonic seizure
seizure characterized by the presence of muscle contraction or tension followed by relaxation creates a “jerking” movement of the body
Alzheimer’s disease
deterioration of a person’s intellectual functioning, a progressive and extremely debilitating
anencephaly
absence of the brain and spinal cord at birth
bell’s palsy
a temporary or permanent unilateral weakness or paralysis of the muscles in the face
brain abscess
accumulation of pus located anywhere in the brain tissue
cerebral palsy
a collective term used to describe congenital brain damage that is permanent but not progressive
cerebrovascular accident CVA
death of a specific portion of the brain tissue (stroke)
degenerative disk
the deterioration of the inter vertebral disk
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain or spinal cord tissue
epilepsy
recurring episodes of excessive irregular electrical activity of the brain
grand mal seizure
an epileptic seizure, sudden loss of consciousness and generalized muscular contraction`
petit mal seizure
a small seizure, temporary loss of consciousness lasting only a few seconds “absence seizure”
Huntington’s chorea
an inherited neurological disease, rapid, jerky, involuntary movements and increasing dementia
hydrocephalus
an abnormal increase of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain that causes the ventricles of the brain to dilate
meningitis (acute bacterial)
a serious bacterial infection of the meninges
multiple sclerosis MS
a degenerative inflammatory disease of the CNS attacking the myelin sheath in the spinal cord and brain
myasthenia gravis
chronic progressive neuromuscular disorder
neuroblastoma
highly malignant tumor of the sympathetic nervous system
Parkinson’s disease
a degenerative, slowly progressive deterioration of nerves in the brain stem’s motor system
peripheral neuritis
a general term indicating inflammation of one or more peripheral nerves
poliomyelitis
poli/o = gray matter, myel/o= spinal cord, -itis= inflammation
reye’s syndrome
an acute brain encephalopathy along with fatty infiltration of the internal organs
meningocele
a cyst-like sac covered with skin or a thin membrane protruding through the bony defect in the vertebrae containing meninges
meningomyelocele
a cyst-like sac covered with skin or a thin membrane protruding through the bony defect in the vertebrae that contains meninges
tay-sachs disease
congenital disorder caused by altered lipid metabolism resulting from an enzyme deficiency
trigeminal neuralgia
short periods of severe unilateral pain, radiates along the fifth cranial nerve
babinsk’s reflex
stroke the sole of foot beginning at mid-heal and moving upward and lateral to the toes
laminectomy
surgical removal of the bony arches from one or more of the vertebrae to relieve pressure on spinal cord
