Final: E-Stim for Wounds

Question 1

What are the four mechanisms underlying electrical currents

Answer 1

1. Galvanotaxis to attract appropriate cell types
2. Activate cells by alerting cell membrane function
3. Enhance antimicrobial activity
4. Enhance circulation

Question 2

Which type of cell does electrical stimulation activate?

Answer 2

fibroblasts

Question 3

Electrical stimulation activates fibroblasts which enhances cell _____ and their production of _____.

Answer 3

replication; collagen

Question 4

Electrical stimulation promotes (epidermal/dermal) and lymphocyte migration and function

Answer 4

epidermal

Question 5

Electrical stimulation promotes epidermal and ____ migration and function

Answer 5

lymphocyte

Question 6

True or False:

AC does not kill bacteria

Answer 6

true

Question 7

Antimicrobial effects- HVPC and DC both (do not/can) kill bacteria

Answer 7

can

Question 8

What two currents can kill bacteria

Answer 8

HVPC and DC

Question 9

Which type of current does NOT kill bacteria

Answer 9

AC (alternating current)

Question 10

Is the voltage needed to kill microbes feasible in a clinical setting?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

Although voltage needed to kill microbes is not feasible in the clinical setting, more tolerable voltage can (enhance/reduce) the antibiotic in the destruction of ______

Answer 11

enhance, biofilm

Question 12

Which term describes the movement of cells in response to the electrical field

Answer 12

galvanotaxis

Question 13

_____ is the movement of cells in response to the electrical field

Answer 13

galvanotaxis

Question 14

The rule of thumb regarding polarity and wounds states that

(positive/negative) electrodes promotes healing of inflamed or infected wounds and
(positive/negative) electrodes promote healing of wound without inflammation

Answer 14

negative; positive

Question 15

In regards to the rule of thumb of polarity and wounds, when would you use negative electrodes

Answer 15

To promote healing of inflamed or infected wounds

Question 16

In regards to the rule of thumb of polarity and wounds, when would you use positive electrodes

Answer 16

To promote healing of wounds without inflammation

Question 17

Studies support that e-stim facilitates would ____ of chronic wounds

Answer 17

healing

Question 18

How does e-stim facilitate wound healing? (Hint: There’s three reasons)

Answer 18

1. Improves percentage and weekly change in ulcer size
2. Increases likelihood of complete wound closure
3. Saves health care costs

Question 19

E-stim can be used to control ____

Answer 19

edema

Question 20

When using e-stim to control edema due to inflammation, the (positive/negative) polarity HVPC retards formation of (acute/chronic) edema

Answer 20

negative; acute

Question 21

True or False:

When treating a patient with e-stim due to inflammation, the area being treated will be cold, pale, and swollen

Answer 21

false it will hot, red, and swollen.

Edema due to a lack of muscle control will be cold, pale and swollen

Question 22

When using e-stim to treat a patient with edema due to inflammation, the negative charge repels (negative/positive) charged serum proteins

Answer 22

negative

Question 23

When using e-stim to control edema due to inflammation, roughly ____% reduction will be shown; similar magnitude to _____ or cold water immersion

Answer 23

50%; ibuprofen

Question 24

When using e-stim to control edema due to lack of muscle control, (unhealthy/healthy) muscles contract to promote ___ return from periphery

Answer 24

healthy; fluid

Question 25

When using e-stim to control edema due to lack of muscle control, the area will be (hot/cold), (red/pale), and swollen

Answer 25

cold; pale

Question 26

When using e-stim to control edema due to lack of muscle control, it is treated with (motor/sensory) level e-stim and elevation

Answer 26

motor

Question 27

When treating a patient for edema control with electrical stimulation, the treatment can be combined with or followed by _____

Answer 27

elevation and compression

Question 28

What does HVPC stand for

Answer 28

high voltage pulsed current

Question 29

Twin peak wave forms are also _____ waves

Answer 29

monophasic

Question 30

In regards to HVPC, the small electrode is called the (active/dispersive) electrode

Answer 30

active

Question 31

In regards to HVPC, the larger electrode is called the (active/dispersive) electrode

Answer 31

dispersive

Question 32

True or False: When treating edema due to lack of muscle control, a clinician should use pulse biphasic or russian protocol

Answer 32

true

Question 33

Where would the electrode placement be when treating edema that's due to lack of muscle control

Answer 33

on muscles around main veins draining the area

Question 34

What is the on:off time of ES treating edema due to lack of muscle control

Answer 34

one to two seconds on, then one to two seconds off

Question 35

_____ is the use of low amplitude DC to facilitate transdermal drug delivery

Answer 35

iontophoresis

Question 36

Iontophoresis is the use of a (low/high) amplitude DC to facilitate transdermal drug delivery

Answer 36

low

Question 37

Iontophoresis is the use of a low amplitude (AC/DC) to facilitate transdermal drug delivery

Answer 37

DC

Question 38

Iontophoresis is based on the principle that like charges (attract/repel)

Answer 38

repel

Question 39

Iontophoresis is most commonly used in PT to apply ______, which is an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid

Answer 39

dexamethasone

Question 40

When using iontophoresis, the drug being used penetrates a few _____.

Answer 40

millimeters

Question 41

What are the contraindications of using iotophoresis

Answer 41

The same contraindications for all ES | Should not be used after physical agents that alter skin permeability like head, ice, or ultrasound

Question 42

What is the usual dosage iontophoresis

Answer 42

40 mA -minute