Final: E-Stim for Muscle Contraction

Question 1

What are the two types of muscle

Answer 1

innervated muscle and denervated muscle

Question 2

(innervated/denervated) muscle has an AP propagated along motor nerves

Answer 2

innervated

Question 3

Innervated muscle has an AP propagated along (motor nerve/muscle cells)

Answer 3

motor nerves

Question 4

During normal voluntary contraction, are slow twitch or fast twitch fibers activated first

Answer 4

slow twitch

Question 5

During electrical stimulated muscle contractions, are slow twitch or fast twitch fibers activated first

Answer 5

fast twitch

Question 6

(innervated/denervated) muscle stimulates muscle cells directly

Answer 6

denervated

Question 7

denervated muscle stimulates (motor nerves/muscle cells) directly

Answer 7

muscle cells

Question 8

In denervated stimulation, ES can produce contractions when current pulse duration is at least ___ ms

Answer 8

10

Question 9

A physiologically initiated contraction force is (low/high)

Answer 9

low

Question 10

An electrically stimulated contraction force is (low/high)

Answer 10

high

Question 11

NMES that is used to strengthen muscles requires __ to __ % MVIC and this can be uncomfortable

Answer 11

10 to 50

Question 12

NMES that is used to strengthen muscles requires 10 to 50% MVIC and this can be (comfortable/uncomfortable)

Answer 12

uncomfortable

Question 13

What does NMES stand for

Answer 13

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation

Question 14

What does MVIC stand for

Answer 14

maximum voluntary isometric contraction

Question 15

What is MVIC?

Answer 15

the strongest contraction a muscle can elicit isometrically

Question 16

In regards to NMES, a ____ ____ is used to gradually and comfortably add and subtract the current intensity

Answer 16

ramp time

Question 17

What is the recommended ramp up or ramp down time when using NMES?

Answer 17

one to four seconds

Question 18

True or False:

Ramp time is used for gait training

Answer 18

false

Question 19

What are the two principles that apply to how ES strengthens muscles

Answer 19

overload principle

specificity principle

Question 20

Which principle is applied to ES and strengthening muscles that increases load, duration, amplitude, electrode size, and external resistance over time?

Answer 20

overload principle

Question 21

What are the clinical applications of ES muscle contraction

Answer 21

1. Muscle strengthening for orthopedic conditions
2. Muscle strengthening for healthy adults and athletes until they can get a contraction themselves
3. Edema control and improved circulation

Question 22

List two post-op orthopedic conditions that ES will help increase strength after surgery, especially with quad inhibition

Answer 22

ACL reconstruction

TKA

Question 23

List 3 nonsurgical orthopedic conditions that ES would help manage conditions of the knee

Answer 23

osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
patellofemoral syndrome

Question 24

Stronger contractions are produced with (shorter/longer) off times.

Answer 24

longer

Question 25

(Weaker/stronger) contractions are produced with longer off times

Answer 25

stronger

Question 26

Stronger contractions are produced with longer (on/off) times

Answer 26

off

Question 27

A (shorter/longer) off time minimizes fatique

Answer 27

longer

Question 28

A longer (on/off) time minimizes fatique

Answer 28

off

Question 29

According to the PP, the on time of ES should be __ to __ seconds, and the off time should be ___ to ___ seconds

Answer 29

6 to 10; 50 to 120

Question 30

When would you used ES for cardiopulm patients

Answer 30

In the early stages of dysfunction if they are unable to get on a bike, NuStep, or treadmill etc. ES will improve quad strength and provide functional outcomes

Question 31

True or False NMES can be a substitution for sports specific training

Answer 31

false

Question 32

In regards to using NMES on healthy adults and athletes, a contraction greater than ___% of the MVIC force is required

Answer 32

50

Question 33

What does FES stand for

Answer 33

functional electrical stimulation

Question 34

FES stimulates intact peripheral nerves in patients with ____ damage

Answer 34

CNS

Question 35

Give a few examples of the type of conditions patients have that would indicate the use of FES

Answer 35

``` SCI Stroke MS TBI CP ```

Question 36

FES is used to stimulate (dorsiflexion/plantarflexion) during swing phase of gait triggered by the (heel/foot) coming off the ground

Answer 36

dorsiflexion; heel

Question 37

ES can reduce edema caused by poor _____ circulation due to lack of motion

Answer 37

peripheral

Question 38

When should the use of ES to control edema be avoided?

Answer 38

when edema is caused by organ failure

Question 39

True or False: In a denervated muscle that has a possibility that the nerve will generate over the next several weeks, ES is appropriate to use.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What are the contraindications of using ES for muscle contraction

Answer 40

``` pacemaker/defibrillator over carotid sinus DVT pregnancy impaired sensation/mentation malignancy ```

Question 41

What are three adverse effects of using ES

Answer 41

burns skin irritation pain

Question 42

In regards to electrode placement, one electrode should be over the ____ point and the other electrode should be over stimulated muscle aligned (parallel/perpendicular) to muscle fiber direction

Answer 42

motor; parallel

Question 43

In regards to electrode placements, how far apart should electrodes be

Answer 43

at least two inches apart

Question 44

In regards to patient positioning while applying ES, the patient's joint should be kept in (midrange/end range)

Answer 44

mid range

Question 45

The pulse duration of ES for muscle contraction should be between ___ to ____ microseconds

Answer 45

150 to 350

Question 46

what should the frequency be for small muscles

Answer 46

20 to 30 pps

Question 47

what should the frequency be for larger muscles

Answer 47

35 to 50 pps

Question 48

what should the frequency be for increasing muscle strength and fatigue

Answer 48

greater than 50 to 80 pps

Question 49

what is the on to off ratio of NMES

Answer 49

1:5* to 1:3

Question 50

ramp up/down time should be __ to __ seconds longer with antagonist muscles

Answer 50

1 to 4