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Modalities > Final: E-Stim for Muscle Contraction > Flashcards

Final: E-Stim for Muscle Contraction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of muscle

A

innervated muscle and denervated muscle

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2
Q

(innervated/denervated) muscle has an AP propagated along motor nerves

A

innervated

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3
Q

Innervated muscle has an AP propagated along (motor nerve/muscle cells)

A

motor nerves

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4
Q

During normal voluntary contraction, are slow twitch or fast twitch fibers activated first

A

slow twitch

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5
Q

During electrical stimulated muscle contractions, are slow twitch or fast twitch fibers activated first

A

fast twitch

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6
Q

(innervated/denervated) muscle stimulates muscle cells directly

A

denervated

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7
Q

denervated muscle stimulates (motor nerves/muscle cells) directly

A

muscle cells

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8
Q

In denervated stimulation, ES can produce contractions when current pulse duration is at least ___ ms

A

10

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9
Q

A physiologically initiated contraction force is (low/high)

A

low

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10
Q

An electrically stimulated contraction force is (low/high)

A

high

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11
Q

NMES that is used to strengthen muscles requires __ to __ % MVIC and this can be uncomfortable

A

10 to 50

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12
Q

NMES that is used to strengthen muscles requires 10 to 50% MVIC and this can be (comfortable/uncomfortable)

A

uncomfortable

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13
Q

What does NMES stand for

A

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation

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14
Q

What does MVIC stand for

A

maximum voluntary isometric contraction

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15
Q

What is MVIC?

A

the strongest contraction a muscle can elicit isometrically

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16
Q

In regards to NMES, a ____ ____ is used to gradually and comfortably add and subtract the current intensity

A

ramp time

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17
Q

What is the recommended ramp up or ramp down time when using NMES?

A

one to four seconds

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18
Q

True or False:

Ramp time is used for gait training

A

false

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19
Q

What are the two principles that apply to how ES strengthens muscles

A

overload principle

specificity principle

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20
Q

Which principle is applied to ES and strengthening muscles that increases load, duration, amplitude, electrode size, and external resistance over time?

A

overload principle

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21
Q

What are the clinical applications of ES muscle contraction

A
  1. Muscle strengthening for orthopedic conditions
  2. Muscle strengthening for healthy adults and athletes until they can get a contraction themselves
  3. Edema control and improved circulation
22
Q

List two post-op orthopedic conditions that ES will help increase strength after surgery, especially with quad inhibition

A

ACL reconstruction

TKA

23
Q

List 3 nonsurgical orthopedic conditions that ES would help manage conditions of the knee

A

osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
patellofemoral syndrome

24
Q

Stronger contractions are produced with (shorter/longer) off times.

A

longer

25
Q

(Weaker/stronger) contractions are produced with longer off times

A

stronger

26
Q

Stronger contractions are produced with longer (on/off) times

A

off

27
Q

A (shorter/longer) off time minimizes fatique

A

longer

28
Q

A longer (on/off) time minimizes fatique

A

off

29
Q

According to the PP, the on time of ES should be __ to __ seconds, and the off time should be ___ to ___ seconds

A

6 to 10; 50 to 120

30
Q

When would you used ES for cardiopulm patients

A

In the early stages of dysfunction if they are unable to get on a bike, NuStep, or treadmill etc.
ES will improve quad strength and provide functional outcomes

31
Q

True or False

NMES can be a substitution for sports specific training

A

false

32
Q

In regards to using NMES on healthy adults and athletes, a contraction greater than ___% of the MVIC force is required

A

50

33
Q

What does FES stand for

A

functional electrical stimulation

34
Q

FES stimulates intact peripheral nerves in patients with ____ damage

A

CNS

35
Q

Give a few examples of the type of conditions patients have that would indicate the use of FES

A 
SCI
Stroke
MS
TBI
CP
36
Q

FES is used to stimulate (dorsiflexion/plantarflexion) during swing phase of gait triggered by the (heel/foot) coming off the ground

A

dorsiflexion; heel

37
Q

ES can reduce edema caused by poor _____ circulation due to lack of motion

A

peripheral

38
Q

When should the use of ES to control edema be avoided?

A

when edema is caused by organ failure

39
Q

True or False:

In a denervated muscle that has a possibility that the nerve will generate over the next several weeks, ES is appropriate to use.

A

True

40
Q

What are the contraindications of using ES for muscle contraction

A 
pacemaker/defibrillator
over carotid sinus
DVT
pregnancy
impaired sensation/mentation
malignancy
41
Q

What are three adverse effects of using ES

A

burns
skin irritation
pain

42
Q

In regards to electrode placement, one electrode should be over the ____ point and the other electrode should be over stimulated muscle aligned (parallel/perpendicular) to muscle fiber direction

A

motor; parallel

43
Q

In regards to electrode placements, how far apart should electrodes be

A

at least two inches apart

44
Q

In regards to patient positioning while applying ES, the patient’s joint should be kept in (midrange/end range)

A

mid range

45
Q

The pulse duration of ES for muscle contraction should be between ___ to ____ microseconds

A

150 to 350

46
Q

what should the frequency be for small muscles

A

20 to 30 pps

47
Q

what should the frequency be for larger muscles

A

35 to 50 pps

48
Q

what should the frequency be for increasing muscle strength and fatigue

A

greater than 50 to 80 pps

49
Q

what is the on to off ratio of NMES

A

1:5* to 1:3

50
Q

ramp up/down time should be __ to __ seconds longer with antagonist muscles

A

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