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Modalities > Exam 2: Cryotherapy and Thermotherapy > Flashcards

Exam 2: Cryotherapy and Thermotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the neuromuscular effects of cryotherapy

A

Elevates pain threshold and decreases sensation of pain Temporarily decreases spasticity and spasms Facilitates contraction in flaccid muscles

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2
Q

Neuromuscular Effects- Cold modalities elevate pain threshold and decrease sensation of pain due to the ______ mechanism and the slowing of ____ conduction velocity

A

gaiting, nerve

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3
Q

Neuromuscular Effects- Cold modalities temporarily decreases spasticity because _____ cooling can provide a window of 60-90 minutes for therapeutic activities

A

prolonged

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4
Q

Neuromuscular Effects- Cold modalities facilitates contraction in flaccid muscles but only a few _____ of cooling is appropriate. “____ ____” is not commonly used

A

seconds; quick icing

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5
Q

What are the metabolic effects of cold

A

Cold decreases local metabolic rate and can therefore slow inflammatory activity

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6
Q

What are the four main indications for the use of cryotherapy

A

inflammation, facilitation, acute edema, and pain control

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7
Q

When we use cryotherapy for pain control, what fibers are being blocked?

A

A delta

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8
Q

What are other general indications for cryotherapy

A

Symptom management of MS, spasticity, and crytokinetics/cryostretch

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9
Q

When you apply cryotherapy, what should you tell the patient to expect to feel

A

intense cold, burning, aching, and numbness

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10
Q

What are the advantages of cold/ice packs

A

Easy to use, inexpensive, time saver for PT, little skill needed, covers small and larger areas, can be applied to elevated limbs

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11
Q

What are the disadvantages of cold/ice packs

A

Pack is blocking the view of treatment area, packs may be too heavy, bad contact with contoured areas, longer time treatment than ice cup massage

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12
Q

Ice cup massages are used for (indirect/direct) contact with patients skin by making (small/large) overlapping circles for ______ minutes.

A

direct, small, 5-10

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13
Q

Controlled compression units are commonly used after _____ because they relieve pain, swelling, and blood loss. They also help the patient gain back ____

A

surgery, ROM

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14
Q

What temperature should controlled compression units be set at

A

10-15 degrees C 50-59 degrees F

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15
Q

If compression units are used intermittently, how often should the modality be applied

A

15 minutes every two hours

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16
Q

What two chemicals are vapocoolant sprays made from

A

ethyl chloride and fluori-methane

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17
Q

Vapocoolant sprays are often used to treat ____ __

A

trigger points

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18
Q

Vapocoolant sprays are applied in (parallel/perpendicular) strokes over affected muscles followed by (stretching/strengthening) of muscles

A

parallel and stretching

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19
Q

What are the contraindications for the use of cryotherapy

A

Cold hypersensitivity, cold intolerance, cryoglobulinemia, paraoxysmal cold cryoglobinuria, raynauds disease, over a regenerating peripheral nerve, or circulatory compromise

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20
Q

What is another term for cold hypersensitivity

A

cold-induced urticaria or hives

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21
Q

Which term is defined as precipitated/congealed blood proteins that impair circulation

A

cryoglobulinemia

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22
Q

What is the term used to describe hemoglobin from lysed RBCs shows up in urine

A

paraoxysmal cold cryoglobinuria

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23
Q

What are precautions of using cold modalities

A

over superficial nerves, over an open wound, hypertension, poor sensation/mentation, very young or very old patients

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24
Q

True or False: Therapeutic Heat is only superficial

A

False it can be deep too

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25
Q

What is the temperature range for therapeutic heat

A

40-45 degrees C 104-113 degrees F

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26
Q

(lower/upper) limit of temperature for therapeutic heat involves average basal metabolism

A

lower

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27
Q

(lower/upper) limit of temperature for therapeutic heat involves tissue damage

A

upper

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28
Q

_____ ____ is a heat modality that is only capable of raising the temperature of skin and superficial subcutaneous tissues

A

superficial heat

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29
Q

Superficial heat raises skin tissues about ___ degrees, raises tissue 1 cm deep ___ degrees, and raises tissue 2 cm deep ___ degrees

A

18 6 2

30
Q

Is superficial heat dry or moist?

A

It can be both

31
Q

Deep-heating agents increase the temperature of muscles and periarticular structures reaching depths of ____ cm

A

5

32
Q

Heat is (never/sometimes/always) transferred from higher to lower temperatures

A

always

33
Q

When applying cryotherapy/cold pack to a patient, does the temperature move from the cold pack to the patient or the patient to the cold pack?

A

It moves from the patient to the cold pack, so the cold pack is drawing heat out of the tissue

34
Q

What are the four modes of heat transfer

A

convection, radiation, conversion, conduction

35
Q

Which mode of heat is transferred by direct contact between a circulating medium and another material of a different temperature

A

convection

36
Q

A whirlpool is an example of which mode of heat transfer

A

convection

37
Q

Which mode of heat is the transfer of energy from one material to another without another intervening medium or contact

A

Radiation

38
Q

An infrared lamp is an example of which mode of heat transfer

A

radiation

39
Q

Which mode of heat transfer involves the conversion of a nonthermal form of energy into heat

A

Conversion

40
Q

Ultrasound or mechanical energy is an example of which mode of heat transfer

A

conversion

41
Q

Which mode of heat transfer results when two different materials of different temperatures in contact with each other transfer energy by direct collision of their molecules

A

conduction

42
Q

Hot packs and paraffin are examples of what mode of heat transfer

A

conduction

43
Q

What are the 4 general effects of thermotherapy

A

Hemodynamic Neuromuscular Increased metabolic rate Increased tissue extensibility

44
Q

The hemodynamic effects of thermotherapy cause _____

A

vasodilation

45
Q

The neuromuscular effects of thermotherapy involves 1. changes in nerve conduction ____ and ___ rate 2. ____ pain threshold 3. changes is muscle ____

A

velocity and firing increased strength

46
Q

What are the indications of thermotherapy/superficial heat

A

muscle spasms, joint stiffness, pain

47
Q

What are the contraindications of thermotherapy

A

hemorrhage, thrombus, impaired sensation & mentation, malignancy

48
Q

What are precautions of thermotherpay

A

inflammation pregnancy impaired circulation metal open wounds

49
Q

Burns, fainting, bleeding, and skin/eye damage from IR are all _____ ____ of thermotherapy

A

adverse effects

50
Q

What should we look for when checking for histological changes (burn potential)

A

mottled skin, severe redness, blisters

51
Q

How many layers of towels should a hot pack be wrapped in?

A

6-8 or equivalent

52
Q

Check on a patient __ minutes after applying a hot pack to inspect the area and remove the hot pack completely after ___ minutes

A

5; 15

53
Q

paraffin, infrared lamps, and fluidotherapy are all other examples of _____

A

superficial heating agents

54
Q

What are the effects of cryotherapy and thermotherapy on pain

A

Both decrease

55
Q

What are the effects of cryotherapy and thermotherapy on muscle spasm

A

both decrease

56
Q

What are the effects of cryotherapy and thermotherapy on blood flow

A

cryotherapy decreases it and thermotherapy increases it

57
Q

What are the effects of cryotherapy and thermotherapy on edema formation

A

c: decreases T: increases

58
Q

What are the effects of cryotherapy and thermotherapy on nerve conduction velocity

A

C: decrease T: increase

59
Q

What are the effects of cryotherapy and thermotherapy on metabolic rate

A

C: decrease T: increase

60
Q

What type are the effects of cryotherapy and thermotherapy on collagen extensibility

A

C: decrease T: increase

61
Q

What type are the effects of cryotherapy and thermotherapy on joint stiffness

A

C: increase T: decrease

62
Q

What type are the effects of cryotherapy and thermotherapy on spasticity

A

C: decrease T: no effect

63
Q

______ is the therapeutic application of any material or substance that results in withdrawal of heat from the body which lowers tissue temperature locally, and in some instances the whole body core temperature

A

cryotherapy

64
Q

what are some materials or substances used to accomplish cryotherapy

A

Cold pack, ice cup, cold compression unity, vapocoolant sprays, ice water

65
Q

Hemodynamic effects of cold- Immediate _____ which reduces local blood flow. Reduced vasodilator mediators like _____ and prostaglandin. Reduced _____ rate by increased blood viscosity

A

vasoconstriction, histamine, circulatory

66
Q

What is another name for the hunting response

A

cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD)

67
Q

How long do you leave the application of a cold pack on a patient before the effects are no longer significant

A

15-20 minutes

68
Q

what is the term that describes a reflexive vasodilation of blood vessels and an associated increase in tissue temperature after 15-20 minutes of cooling

A

Hunting’s response or cold induced vasodilation

69
Q

true or false: The hunting response or CIVD is more likely to occur in proximal extremities

A

False, it is more likely in distal extremities

70
Q

Application of cold should normally not exceed ____ minutes

A

15-20

71
Q

What is the increased redness of skin seen wit the application of cold due to?

A

an increase in oxyhemoglobin in the blood

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