Exam 2: Ultraviolet and Anodyne Flashcards
What are the three factors that affect the intensity of UV reaching the patient
power, distance, and angle of incidence
The (closer/further) the source is to the medium, the more intense the UV radiation will be on the patient
closer
The closer the angle of incidence is to (parallel/perpendicular) to the patient, the more intense the UV radiation will be
perpendicular
What are the effects of UV?
Erythema, Tanning, Epidermal Hyperplasia, vitamin D synthesis, Bactericidal
What does epidermal hyperplasia mean?
The epidermis grows so fast that it feels (like when you get a sun burn)
Erythema production is primarily from ____ and ___ with sensitization (PUVA)
UVB and UVA
True or False:
When erythema is present, you know damage has occurred
False, erythema will blanch so we know that no damage has occurred
How do we tell the difference between erythema and a burn?
Erythema will blanch, but a burn will stay red
Which vitamin does UV help produce?
Vitamin D
What is the primary clinical application for UV?
Psoriasis
When treating psoriasis, patients being treated with UV respond mostly to UVA + ______ (PUVA). However Narrowband ___ (311 to 313nm) is almost as effective and safer
psoralen
UVB
When treating psoriasis, patients being treated with UV respond mostly to___ + psoralen (PUVA). However Narrowband UVB (___ to ___ nm) is almost as effective and safer
UVA
311 to 313nm
What are the proposed mechanisms that are associated with treating psoriasis with UV
inactivates cell division
Inhibits DBA synthesis
Inhibits mitosis of hyperproliferating epidermal cells
___ is most commonly used to avoid erythema or tanning in regards to wound healing
UVC
UVC is most commonly used to avoid ____ or ____ in regards to wound healing
tanning or erythema
What are the proposed mechanisms that are associated with treating wounds with UV?
increased epithelial cell turnover
Accelerated granulation tissue formation
bactericidal
promotes sloughing of necrotic tissue
True or False:
The research to support the use of UV for wound healing is limited
true
What are some contraindications of UV radiation?
direct contact with eyes, skin cancer, cardiac/liver/kidney disease, lupus, fever
What are the precautions of UV radiation
*****don’t repeat UV until effect of previous dose have disappeared
photosensitivity, medications, recent x ray therapy
What are adverse side effects that can occur with UV radiation
Burns, premature aging of skin, carcinogenesis, eye damage
What does actinic mean
pertaining to sun damage
How should minimal erythemal dosage (MED) be determined?
Exposed skin to be tested, place cardboard with four holes over the test area but cover 3 of the 4 holes. place the lamp to 60-80cm from test area. Turn on the lamp and after the appropriate time goes by, uncover each hole one by one
During determining the MED, after ___ seconds, uncover the second hole.
After another ___ seconds, uncover the third hole
after another ___ seconds, uncover the fourth hole.
Finally, after another ___ seconds, turn off the lamp.
The treatment area should be observed for up to __ days
120 60 30 30 4
____ is the smallest dose of UV that produces erythema within 8 hours after exposure that disappears within 24 hours
MED
When determining the MED, the appropriate UV exposure should turn red after ___ hours, but completely disappear after ___ hours
8; 24
True or False:
When using UV radiation, only the patient should wear goggles
false, the PT should also wear goggles
What is anodyne technology?
Monochromatic infrared energy
Anodyne is a monochromatic infrared energy. What are the specific characteristics of “monochromatic”
A single wavelength of light (890nm) and is absorbed by hemoglobin
Anodyne is a monochromatic infrared energy. What are the specific characteristics of “infrared”
invisible to the human eye and penetrates approximately 5cm
Anodyne is a monochromatic infrared energy. What are the specific characteristics of “energy”
780 mw of power per therapy pad
photo-thermal energy (whatever that means)
How does anodyne photo therapy work?
By releasing nitric oxide from hemoglobin.
What is the purpose of nitric oxide in anodyne photo therapy
It is a neurotransmitter that is naturally released by the body. It causes vasodilation and angiogenesis when released. It also controls BP
Nitric oxide improves pain through anodyne photo therapy directly and indirectly. How does it directly improve pain
it is a mediator of the analgesic effect of morphine
Nitric oxide improves pain through anodyne photo therapy directly and indirectly. How does it indirectly improve pain
reduces inflammation, swelling, hypoxia, and ischemia
Anodyne therapy is best used for gait and balance programs to reduce fall risks. By assessing fall risk issues, we look at medication, vision, and a somatosensory assessment called _______
semmes weinstein 5.07 monofilament
The protocol for anodyne therapy is
___ minutes
___ times a week
__-__ treatments
30 minutes
3x
12-24
What is the name of the instrument that shows a laser image of how much circulation is in a patients foot
moor scanning laser doppler
True or False:
The darker the blue on an image of the moor scanning laser doppler means there is more circulation
False, the more circulation a patient has the more green to yellow/red a picture will be
What are the contraindications of anodyne therapy
active malignancy, pregnancy, over topical heating agents
True or False:
Anodyne therapy is safe to use over all implants, pacemakers, defibrillators, and has no affects on drugs
true
many ___ ___ use anodyne therapy to improve circulation in “mushy heels that are starting to break down in patients who are bedridden
nursing homes
