Exam 3: Traction

Question 1

What are the 5 effects of spinal traction

Answer 1

joint distraction reduction of disc protrusion soft tissue stretching muscle relaxation joint mobilization

Question 2

Which effect of spinal traction can be described as the separation of two articular surfaces perpendicular to the plane of articulation

Answer 2

Joint distraction

Question 3

Joint distraction (increases/reduces) joint compression and (widens/narrows) intervertebral foramina

Answer 3

reduces; widens

Question 4

Joint distraction may reduce pressure on ______ surfaces, ______ structures or spinal nerve roots

Answer 4

articular; intraarticular

Question 5

Joint distraction requires enough force. What percentage of body weight is needed for lumbar and cervical joints

Answer 5

lumbar joints: 50% BW cervical joints: 7% BW

Question 6

Reduction of disc protrusion, which is an effect of spinal traction, requires sufficient force for the lumbar and cervical spine. What are the ranges of weight needed for reduction of disc production for the lumbar and cervical spine

Answer 6

Lumbar spine: 60-120 lbs or 30% to 60% of BW Cervical spine: 15 to 30 lbs

Question 7

Soft tissue stretching and muscle relaxation are ___ ____ effects of spinal traction

Answer 7

soft tissue

Question 8

Which type of effect of spinal traction may contribute to spinal joint distraction, reduction of disc protrusion, or increase in spinal ROM

Answer 8

soft tissue stretching

Question 9

Soft tissue stretching may contribute to what three other effects of spinal traction

Answer 9

spinal joint distraction, reduction of disc protrusion, or increase in spinal ROM

Question 10

Which type of effect of spinal traction is due to reduced pressure on pain sensitive structures or gaiting by intermittent traction

Answer 10

muscle relaxation

Question 11

Muscle relaxation is due to reduced pressure on ____ sensitive structures or gaiting by _______ traction

Answer 11

pain; intermittent

Question 12

Which effect of spinal traction occurs by high force traction or repetitive intermittent traction

Answer 12

joint mobilization

Question 13

Joint mobilization mobilizes (one/many) joint(s) at a time

Answer 13

many

Question 14

Manual joint mobilization techniques are more _____

Answer 14

localized

Question 15

_____ joint mobilization techniques are more localized

Answer 15

manual

Question 16

What are 5 clinical indications for traction

Answer 16

spinal disc bulge or herniation spinal nerve root impingement joint hypomobility subacute joint inflammation muscle spasm

Question 17

Lumbar traction may (increase/decrease) the size of the herniated disc material by (increasing/decreasing) compression of spinal nerve roots

Answer 17

decreases; decreases

Question 18

Are there more positive outcomes of improving disc bulge or herniation in lumbar traction or cervical traction

Answer 18

cervical

Question 19

Spinal traction can be used in patients with nerve root impingements. What are 6 conditions that impingement is associated with and can be treated with spinal traction

Answer 19

disc bulge ligament encroachment, foraminal stenosis, osteophyte, nerve root swelling, or spondylolisthesis

Question 20

Spinal traction can be used to treat patients with nerve root impingement and is best applied ____ after onset of symptoms and in patients with worse symptoms with spinal loading and decreased symptoms with decreased loading

Answer 20

shortly

Question 21

How can traction help treat a patient with joint hypomobility

Answer 21

traction can glide and distract spinal facet joints to increase mobility that affects multiple joints

Question 22

How does spinal traction treat patients with subacute joint inflammation

Answer 22

1. The force reduces pressure on inflamed joint surfaces 2. Small movements may gate pain and help maintain normal fluid exchange in the joints

Question 23

True or False: Studies show that there is great significant clinical benefit between the severity of a disc protrusion and the use of spinal traction to treat it

Answer 23

False

Question 24

What are three causes of spinal nerve root compression?

Answer 24

bulging disc, bone spur/disc degeneration, and spondylolisthesis

Question 25

In patients with hypomobility, increased flexion localizes force to upper and lower \_\_\_\_\_. While neutral/extension localizes force to _____ lumbar

Answer 25

thoracic; lower

Question 26

Traction can be used to reduce muscle spasms. Which type of traction is used to interrupt pain-spasm-pain cycle

Answer 26

static or low-load intermittent traction

Question 27

What are the two types of traction that are used to reduce muscle spasms

Answer 27

static/low load intermittent traction and higher load traction

Question 28

Traction can be used to reduce muscle spasms. Which type of traction is used to reduce the underlying cause of pain

Answer 28

higher load traction

Question 29

What are the 5 contraindications of traction

Answer 29

1. When motion is contraindicated 2. Acute injury/inflammation 3. Joint hypermobility or instability 4. Peripheralization of symptoms with traction 5. Uncontrolled hypertension

Question 30

What does peripheralization of symptoms with traction mean?

Answer 30

It means if you are performing traction, and their symptoms anywhere increase

Question 31

True or False: If you are performing traction, and a patient's severe pain fully resolves during the treatment, it means you have found where the problem is and have helped heal it

Answer 31

False, it means you probably were holding a nerve with enough pressure to cause a nerve block

Question 32

What are different effects traction has on a lateral bulge versus a medial bulge

Answer 32

Traction will provide relief with a lateral bulge, but will aggravate a medial bulge

Question 33

What is another name for a lateral bulging disc

Answer 33

a shoulder bulge

Question 34

What is another name for a medial bulging disc

Answer 34

an axillary bulge

Question 35

What are some precautions for cervical traction

Answer 35

TMJ problems and dentures

Question 36

True or False: If a clinician is performing cervical traction on a patient with dentures, the patient should remove the dentures before traction begins

Answer 36

False, they need to leave them in

Question 37

What are three adverse effects of performing traction

Answer 37

1. Excessive force may increase symptoms 2. rebounding increase in pain 3. Lumbar radicular discomfort after cervical traction

Question 38

What are some advantages of mechanical spinal traction

Answer 38

force and time is readily controlled, does not require continuous supervision, static devices are inexpensive and convenient

Question 39

What are some disadvantages of mechanical spinal traction

Answer 39

time consuming set up, lack of patient participation, restriction by belt, mobilizes broad regions, expensive electrical devices

Question 40

Self and positional spinal traction use ____ \_\_\_\_ to exert distractive force on the spine

Answer 40

body weight

Question 41

Is self and positional spinal traction used for the lumbar or cervical spine

Answer 41

lumbar

Question 42

When is self and positional spinal traction good to use?

Answer 42

on the lumbar spine and when low forces are required

Question 43

Which type of traction should a patient with hypertension definitely not use

Answer 43

inversion traction

Question 44

What is being depicted in this picture?

Answer 44

The of spinal traction to reduce a disc protrusion

Question 45

This picture is showing three causes of...........?

Answer 45

Causes of spinal nerve root compression

Question 46

Which one of the three causes of spinal nerve root compression is this picture showing?

Answer 46

bulging disc

Question 47

Which one of the three causes of spinal nerve root compression is this picture showing?

Answer 47

Bone spurs and disc degeration

Question 48

Which one of the three causes of spinal nerve root compression is this picture showing?

Answer 48

Spondylolisthesis

Question 49

Describe what is being depicted in this picture

Answer 49

In figure A, a lateral bulge is present but is relieved when traction is provided--seen in figure B. Figure C shows a medial bulge that is aggravated even more when traction is performed

Question 50

What is this a picture of?

Answer 50

A mechanical lumbar traction machine

Question 51

What is this a picture of?

Answer 51

A mechanical lumbar traction machine

Question 52

What is this a picture of?

Answer 52

Lumbar traction belts/harness

Question 53

What is this a picture of?

Answer 53

mechanical cervical traction machine

Question 54

What is this a picture of?

Answer 54

Hip traction with resistance band

Question 55

What is this a picture of?

Answer 55

Hip traction with a hiptrac machine

Question 56

What is this picture showing?

Answer 56

A patient using self and poisitonal spinal traction to relieve pain

Question 57

What is this a picture of?

Answer 57

Manual traction for lumbar spine

Question 58

What is this a picture of?

Answer 58

Manual traction to the cervical spine