FINAL DRUGS Hellekant random (wks 1-4) Flashcards
GHRH analog? what is it used for?
Sermorelin. Tx for hyposecretion of GH.
rhGH. Name that drug! what is it used for?
Omnitrope/nutropin/norditropin. Tx for hyposecretion of GH
Mecasermin, what is the MOA? what is it clinically used for? contraindications?
rhIGF. Laron-type dwarfism. dont give to children with cancer or for growth promotion if epiphyses are CLOSED.
bromocriptine, MOA? what is it used for?
dopamine agonist. TX for GH hypersecretion (such as ACROMEGALY)
somatostatin analog (GHIH), name that drug! what is it clinically used for?
Octreotide. GH hypersecretion treatment (acromegaly)
GH receptor antagonist, Name that drug! what is it clinically used for?
Pegvisomant. Tx for GH hypersecretion (acromegaly)
what are two dopamine agonists that are used for treatment of hypersecretion of prolactin?
Cabergoline! and we already know, bromocriptine
Propylthiouracil- MOA and clinical application? association side effect?
inhibits THYROID PEROXIDASE (involved in organification and conjugation)—> inhibits thyroid synthesis and inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 -> T3. TX: hyperthryoidism. hepatotoxicity.
what is a similar drug to propylthiouracil and not used for hyperthyroidism during pregnancy?
METHIMAZOLE (teratogen)
what is a synthetic form of T4? what is it used for?
Levothyroxine. Tx hypothryoidism. also used to suppress TSH secretion for the treatment of goiters
what is the T3 synthetic form?
Liothyronine
what radioactive Iodine is for thyroid ablation?
131
what radioactive iodine is used for thyroid imaging?
123
what else does PTU inhibit besides thyroid peroxidase?
Deiodinase 1 (thereby inhibiting peripheral conversion of T4 to T3)
what drugs do you use for thyrotoxicosis?
beta blockers for symptomatic.
what drug has a purely GLUCOCORTICOID EFFECT and no mineralocorticoid effect?
Dexamethasone.
what drug has an extremely high MINERALOCORTICOID EFFECT and a lower glucocorticoid effect?
FLUDROCORTISONE
______ inhibits side chain cleavage and other CYP enzymes. what medical treatment is it used for?
KETOCONAZOLE. Tx for Cushing Disease
____ inhibits 11beta hydroxylase in the adrenal gland and the goal of interfering with cortisol production?
Metyrapone
Glucocorticoid receptor agonist: _______. used in treatment of inoperable cushing disease
mifepristone
_____ is a Biguanide. What is its MOA?
Metformin. inhibits gluconeogenesis and increases insulin sensitivity!
______ is an insulin secretagogue and requires some beta islets for patient response. What class does it fit under?
Glimepiride. Sulfonylureas.
what is Glimepiride’s MOA?
binds to SUR1 subunit of ATP-sensitive potassium channel adn closes the channel –> increases intracellular calcium.
what are first generation Sulfonylureas?
chlorpropamide
what is a GLP-1 analog? what does it do?
Exenatide (SC). stimulates insulin and inhibits glucagon secretion, delays gastric emptying, induces satiety.
Sitagliptin: MOA?
DDP-IV inhibitor. therefore enhances incretin activity (prevents degradation)
what are the two alpha-glucosidase inhibitors? and where do they act?
Acarbose and Miglitol. brushborder, inhibit hydrolysis of disaccharides and complex carbs -> monosaccharides.
what is an example of an Amylin analog?
Pramlintide
what are the PPARgamma receptor agonists?
Glitazones
for women with endogenous estrogen activity and normal hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian function, usually use _______, an estrogen antagonist which INDUCES FSH secretion
Clomiphene citrate
For women with hypothalamic anovulatory function, administer ______ and ______ w/ daily injection
FSH and LH.
_______ w/ hCG given in sequence for OVULATION in ANovulatory women and for production of multiple follicles
MENOTROPINS (pergonal): injected, FSH and LH activity
_____ w/ hCG given in sequence for induction of ovulation of patients with PCOS (w/high FSH/LH and failed clomiphene citrate therapy)
UROFOLITROPIN (injected, FSH activity)
_____ is used to induce follicle development and when couple with hCG induction of ovulation
FOLLITROPIN
give an example of a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that is an estrogen antagonist in the hypothalamus and stimulates release of GnRH and gonadotropins
Clomiphene citrate
GnRH agonist. Name that drug!
Leuprolide/ Goserelin! nonpulsatile administration decreases FSH and LH levels (takes 7-10 days), administer with –utamide– to suppress ‘flare’
GnRH antagonist, name that drug!
Ganirelix, Cetrorelix, DEGARELIX (fitzakerly).
what is the princippal natural hormone in synthetic estrogens?
Estradiol 17b. THE ADDITION OF C-17 MAKES IT MORE ORALLY ACTIVE
Name that drug! agonist in bone, lipoproteins. antagnoist in breast and uterus for ER+ cancers.
Raloxifene
Name that drug! antagonist in breast, no effect in bone, agonist in uterus. hot flashes, lowers LDL and increases HDL
TOREMIFENE
can be used in premenopausal women, ER+ breast cancer treatment, antagnoist in breast and vasculature, agonist in utreus, bone and lipoproteins.
Tamoxifen
PURE estrogen antagonist and IM injection/month. Name that drug!
Fulvestrant
what drugs can be used to treat ER(+) cancer in postmenopausal women?
Aromatase inhibitors: anastrozole/letrozole. exemestane
Medroxyprogesterone acetate, norethindrone and levonorgestrel are of what classification? what are they used in clinically?
progestins. oral contraceptives
treatment modalities for emergency contraception and abortefacient:
1) progesterone agonist ______
2) progesterone antagonists: _______ when used at high doses
1) levonogestrel (PLAN B)
2) mifepristone
Does levonogestrel prevent ovulation or terminate a pregnancy?
prevents ovulation! mifepristone at high doses can terminate a pregnancy
______ (aka Ella) is used for emergency contraception to prevent or delay ovulation (up to 5 days after intercourse)
Ulipristal acetate
what are oxytocics used for?
to promote labor OR limit bleeding post-labor
what are tocolytics used for?
to reduce uterine contractility
definition of AUGMENT, victoria….
to make something greater/additive. In a sentence- I would use Pitocin to AUGMENT labor
what are tocolytics used for?
to reduce uterine contractility and suppress premature labor
what is the drug of choice for LABOR INDUCTION?
pitocin
what promotes cervical ripening prior to delivery AND can be used as abortifacients?
prostaglandins. DinoPROSTone= natural PGE. MisoPROSTol= synthetic PGE.
what is another use for Diniprostone?
TO TREAT HYDATIDIFORM MOLE.
what are 2 major functions of ERGOTS and what drugs are paired with those functions?
1) contraction of uterus mediated by ergonovine=ergometrine.
2) contraction of blood vessels by ERGOTAMINE
what are 2 major functions of ERGOTS and what drugs are paired with those functions?
1) contraction of uterus mediated by ergonoVine=ergometrine.
2) contraction of blood vessels by ERGOTAMINE- used to treat migraine headaches
what is a beta2 selective agent that can cause pulmonary edema in mothers?
terbutaline
what drug competes with Calcium and relaxes smooth muscle? hint: its also used to prevent seizures associated with eclampsia
Magnesium sulfate
what are 2 major functions of ERGOTS and what drugs are paired with those functions?
1) contraction of uterus mediated by ergonoVine=ergometrine, therefore used to REDUCE POST-PARTUM UTERINE BLEEDING. never give to induce labor!
2) contraction of blood vessels by ERGOTAMINE- used to treat migraine headaches
_____ is the only oxytocin receptor antagonist approved for clinical use (delays labor, rapid onset) and also increased fetal mortality.
Atosiban
What tocolytic agent is used to delay labor in the SHORT TERM?
Indomethacin (NSAIDs)
what is a DHT derivative and act as an anabolic steroid (promotes muscle growth 1:3-1:13)
Oxandrolone
what is a nonsteroidal ‘pure’ receptor antagonist used in advanced prostate cancer that has side effects of gynecomastia and hepatotoxicity?
Bicalutamide, flutamide. used in conjunction with GnRH agonist or orchidectomy
what drug is a human recombinant GnRH agonist and can be used in a pulsatile fashion to improve sperm numbers within 3-6months?
Gonadorelin
what is important about Tadalafil?
4x longer duration than the others (aka viagra-sildenafil)
