FINAL DRUGS Hellekant random (wks 1-4)

Question 1

GHRH analog? what is it used for?

Answer 1

Sermorelin. Tx for hyposecretion of GH.

Question 2

rhGH. Name that drug! what is it used for?

Answer 2

Omnitrope/nutropin/norditropin. Tx for hyposecretion of GH

Question 3

Mecasermin, what is the MOA? what is it clinically used for? contraindications?

Answer 3

rhIGF. Laron-type dwarfism. dont give to children with cancer or for growth promotion if epiphyses are CLOSED.

Question 4

bromocriptine, MOA? what is it used for?

Answer 4

dopamine agonist. TX for GH hypersecretion (such as ACROMEGALY)

Question 5

somatostatin analog (GHIH), name that drug! what is it clinically used for?

Answer 5

Octreotide. GH hypersecretion treatment (acromegaly)

Question 6

GH receptor antagonist, Name that drug! what is it clinically used for?

Answer 6

Pegvisomant. Tx for GH hypersecretion (acromegaly)

Question 7

what are two dopamine agonists that are used for treatment of hypersecretion of prolactin?

Answer 7

Cabergoline! and we already know, bromocriptine

Question 8

Propylthiouracil- MOA and clinical application? association side effect?

Answer 8

inhibits THYROID PEROXIDASE (involved in organification and conjugation)—> inhibits thyroid synthesis and inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 -> T3. TX: hyperthryoidism. hepatotoxicity.

Question 9

what is a similar drug to propylthiouracil and not used for hyperthyroidism during pregnancy?

Answer 9

METHIMAZOLE (teratogen)

Question 10

what is a synthetic form of T4? what is it used for?

Answer 10

Levothyroxine. Tx hypothryoidism. also used to suppress TSH secretion for the treatment of goiters

Question 11

what is the T3 synthetic form?

Answer 11

Liothyronine

Question 12

what radioactive Iodine is for thyroid ablation?

Answer 12

131

Question 13

what radioactive iodine is used for thyroid imaging?

Answer 13

123

Question 14

what else does PTU inhibit besides thyroid peroxidase?

Answer 14

Deiodinase 1 (thereby inhibiting peripheral conversion of T4 to T3)

Question 15

what drugs do you use for thyrotoxicosis?

Answer 15

beta blockers for symptomatic.

Question 16

what drug has a purely GLUCOCORTICOID EFFECT and no mineralocorticoid effect?

Answer 16

Dexamethasone.

Question 17

what drug has an extremely high MINERALOCORTICOID EFFECT and a lower glucocorticoid effect?

Answer 17

FLUDROCORTISONE

Question 18

______ inhibits side chain cleavage and other CYP enzymes. what medical treatment is it used for?

Answer 18

KETOCONAZOLE. Tx for Cushing Disease

Question 19

____ inhibits 11beta hydroxylase in the adrenal gland and the goal of interfering with cortisol production?

Answer 19

Metyrapone

Question 20

Glucocorticoid receptor agonist: _______. used in treatment of inoperable cushing disease

Answer 20

mifepristone

Question 21

_____ is a Biguanide. What is its MOA?

Answer 21

Metformin. inhibits gluconeogenesis and increases insulin sensitivity!

Question 22

______ is an insulin secretagogue and requires some beta islets for patient response. What class does it fit under?

Answer 22

Glimepiride. Sulfonylureas.

Question 23

what is Glimepiride’s MOA?

Answer 23

binds to SUR1 subunit of ATP-sensitive potassium channel adn closes the channel –> increases intracellular calcium.

Question 24

what are first generation Sulfonylureas?

Answer 24

chlorpropamide

Question 25

what is a GLP-1 analog? what does it do?

Answer 25

Exenatide (SC). stimulates insulin and inhibits glucagon secretion, delays gastric emptying, induces satiety.

Question 26

Sitagliptin: MOA?

Answer 26

DDP-IV inhibitor. therefore enhances incretin activity (prevents degradation)

Question 27

what are the two alpha-glucosidase inhibitors? and where do they act?

Answer 27

Acarbose and Miglitol. brushborder, inhibit hydrolysis of disaccharides and complex carbs -> monosaccharides.

Question 28

what is an example of an Amylin analog?

Answer 28

Pramlintide

Question 29

what are the PPARgamma receptor agonists?

Answer 29

Glitazones

Question 30

for women with endogenous estrogen activity and normal hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian function, usually use _______, an estrogen antagonist which INDUCES FSH secretion

Answer 30

Clomiphene citrate

Question 31

For women with hypothalamic anovulatory function, administer ______ and ______ w/ daily injection

Answer 31

FSH and LH.

Question 32

_______ w/ hCG given in sequence for OVULATION in ANovulatory women and for production of multiple follicles

Answer 32

MENOTROPINS (pergonal): injected, FSH and LH activity

Question 33

_____ w/ hCG given in sequence for induction of ovulation of patients with PCOS (w/high FSH/LH and failed clomiphene citrate therapy)

Answer 33

UROFOLITROPIN (injected, FSH activity)

Question 34

_____ is used to induce follicle development and when couple with hCG induction of ovulation

Answer 34

FOLLITROPIN

Question 35

give an example of a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that is an estrogen antagonist in the hypothalamus and stimulates release of GnRH and gonadotropins

Answer 35

Clomiphene citrate

Question 36

GnRH agonist. Name that drug!

Answer 36

Leuprolide/ Goserelin! nonpulsatile administration decreases FSH and LH levels (takes 7-10 days), administer with --utamide-- to suppress 'flare'

Question 37

GnRH antagonist, name that drug!

Answer 37

Ganirelix, Cetrorelix, DEGARELIX (fitzakerly).

Question 38

what is the princippal natural hormone in synthetic estrogens?

Answer 38

Estradiol 17b. THE ADDITION OF C-17 MAKES IT MORE ORALLY ACTIVE

Question 39

Name that drug! agonist in bone, lipoproteins. antagnoist in breast and uterus for ER+ cancers.

Answer 39

Raloxifene

Question 40

Name that drug! antagonist in breast, no effect in bone, agonist in uterus. hot flashes, lowers LDL and increases HDL

Answer 40

TOREMIFENE

Question 41

can be used in premenopausal women, ER+ breast cancer treatment, antagnoist in breast and vasculature, agonist in utreus, bone and lipoproteins.

Answer 41

Tamoxifen

Question 42

PURE estrogen antagonist and IM injection/month. Name that drug!

Answer 42

Fulvestrant

Question 43

what drugs can be used to treat ER(+) cancer in postmenopausal women?

Answer 43

Aromatase inhibitors: anastrozole/letrozole. exemestane

Question 44

Medroxyprogesterone acetate, norethindrone and levonorgestrel are of what classification? what are they used in clinically?

Answer 44

progestins. oral contraceptives

Question 45

treatment modalities for emergency contraception and abortefacient: 1) progesterone agonist ______ 2) progesterone antagonists: _______ when used at high doses

Answer 45

1) levonogestrel (PLAN B) | 2) mifepristone

Question 46

Does levonogestrel prevent ovulation or terminate a pregnancy?

Answer 46

prevents ovulation! mifepristone at high doses can terminate a pregnancy

Question 47

______ (aka Ella) is used for emergency contraception to prevent or delay ovulation (up to 5 days after intercourse)

Answer 47

Ulipristal acetate

Question 48

what are oxytocics used for?

Answer 48

to promote labor OR limit bleeding post-labor

Question 49

what are tocolytics used for?

Answer 49

to reduce uterine contractility

Question 50

definition of AUGMENT, victoria....

Answer 50

to make something greater/additive. In a sentence- I would use Pitocin to AUGMENT labor

Question 51

what are tocolytics used for?

Answer 51

to reduce uterine contractility and suppress premature labor

Question 52

what is the drug of choice for LABOR INDUCTION?

Answer 52

pitocin

Question 53

what promotes cervical ripening prior to delivery AND can be used as abortifacients?

Answer 53

prostaglandins. DinoPROSTone= natural PGE. MisoPROSTol= synthetic PGE.

Question 54

what is another use for Diniprostone?

Answer 54

TO TREAT HYDATIDIFORM MOLE.

Question 55

what are 2 major functions of ERGOTS and what drugs are paired with those functions?

Answer 55

1) contraction of uterus mediated by ergonovine=ergometrine. | 2) contraction of blood vessels by ERGOTAMINE

Question 56

what are 2 major functions of ERGOTS and what drugs are paired with those functions?

Answer 56

1) contraction of uterus mediated by ergonoVine=ergometrine. | 2) contraction of blood vessels by ERGOTAMINE- used to treat migraine headaches

Question 57

what is a beta2 selective agent that can cause pulmonary edema in mothers?

Answer 57

terbutaline

Question 58

what drug competes with Calcium and relaxes smooth muscle? hint: its also used to prevent seizures associated with eclampsia

Answer 58

Magnesium sulfate

Question 59

what are 2 major functions of ERGOTS and what drugs are paired with those functions?

Answer 59

1) contraction of uterus mediated by ergonoVine=ergometrine, therefore used to REDUCE POST-PARTUM UTERINE BLEEDING. never give to induce labor! 2) contraction of blood vessels by ERGOTAMINE- used to treat migraine headaches

Question 60

_____ is the only oxytocin receptor antagonist approved for clinical use (delays labor, rapid onset) and also increased fetal mortality.

Answer 60

Atosiban

Question 61

What tocolytic agent is used to delay labor in the SHORT TERM?

Answer 61

Indomethacin (NSAIDs)

Question 62

what is a DHT derivative and act as an anabolic steroid (promotes muscle growth 1:3-1:13)

Answer 62

Oxandrolone

Question 63

what is a nonsteroidal 'pure' receptor antagonist used in advanced prostate cancer that has side effects of gynecomastia and hepatotoxicity?

Answer 63

Bicalutamide, flutamide. used in conjunction with GnRH agonist or orchidectomy

Question 64

what drug is a human recombinant GnRH agonist and can be used in a pulsatile fashion to improve sperm numbers within 3-6months?

Answer 64

Gonadorelin

Question 65

what is important about Tadalafil?

Answer 65

4x longer duration than the others (aka viagra-sildenafil)