Downing: Mammary Flashcards
when during pregnancy do the alveoli enlarge and acquire a lumen?
middle!
what happens to the alveoli during lactation?
DILATE
within the lobule itself, what is the consistency of connective tissue?
quite loose!
how is the the fatty portion of the milk released?
milk lipids form in the cytoplasm and get pinched off into the duct
what is the sequence of the ducts?
intralobular duct -> interlobular -> lactiferous duct -> lactiferous sinus -> lactiferous duct
how do the glands enlarge in pubertal changes?
due to increase in adipose tissue deposition
T or F: breasts are completely developed before first pregnancy
F. remain incompletely developed until first pregnancy
what cell type makes up the nipple?
stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
what increases during the pregnancy within the nipple?
melanin
how many layers of smooth muscle is within the nipple?
circumferential and longitudinal
what are areolar glands of Montgomery?
intermediate in structure between sweat gland and true mammary gland
what is the secretory process of lipids called?
apocrine
what is the secretory process of protein/salts called?
merocrine
what form the secretory units of the mammary gland at the distal ends of intralobular ducts?
alveoli!
what surround an alveolus? what due they do in response to suckling?
myoepithelial cells. oxytocin- ‘milk let down’, suckling -> contraction of myoepithelial cells
what do the alveoli look like in an INACTIVE GLAND?
FLATTENED ‘cuboidal’ epithelium- solid masses of cells, little secretory vesicles.
what happens to the intralobular ducts during pregnancy?
proliferate & branch.
During pregnancy, alveoli ____ (decrease/no change/increase) and connective tissue _____ (decrease/no change/ increase).
increase. decrease since it’s getting compressed.
protein-rich, vitamin A, sodium, chloride, lactalbumin, IgA is called what (pre-milk)?
colostrum
what does milk consist of?
lactose, proteins (caseins), lipids, IgA
what happens to alveolar size and connective tissue during REGRESSION?
decreases. increases.
what stimulates duct proliferation from puberty -> pregnancy?
ESTROGENS
what stimulates alveolar proliferation from puberty -> pregnancy?
PROGESTERONE
what are the three functions of prolactin?
additional gland development in latter half of pregnancy, stimulates casein production, stimulates lactose production
_____ from the pars distalis (acidophils)
prolactin
______: increases prolactin secretion by decreasing prolactin inhibitory factor (PIF)
suckling reflex
_____: oxytocin release (myoepithelial cells contract) and milk accumulates in lactiferous sinuses
Milk ejection reflex
where are most cancers developed in the breast?
80% duct cells
