Downing: Mammary

Question 1

when during pregnancy do the alveoli enlarge and acquire a lumen?

Answer 1

middle!

Question 2

what happens to the alveoli during lactation?

Answer 2

DILATE

Question 3

within the lobule itself, what is the consistency of connective tissue?

Answer 3

quite loose!

Question 4

how is the the fatty portion of the milk released?

Answer 4

milk lipids form in the cytoplasm and get pinched off into the duct

Question 5

what is the sequence of the ducts?

Answer 5

intralobular duct -> interlobular -> lactiferous duct -> lactiferous sinus -> lactiferous duct

Question 6

how do the glands enlarge in pubertal changes?

Answer 6

due to increase in adipose tissue deposition

Question 7

T or F: breasts are completely developed before first pregnancy

Answer 7

F. remain incompletely developed until first pregnancy

Question 8

what cell type makes up the nipple?

Answer 8

stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

Question 9

what increases during the pregnancy within the nipple?

Answer 9

melanin

Question 10

how many layers of smooth muscle is within the nipple?

Answer 10

circumferential and longitudinal

Question 11

what are areolar glands of Montgomery?

Answer 11

intermediate in structure between sweat gland and true mammary gland

Question 12

what is the secretory process of lipids called?

Answer 12

apocrine

Question 13

what is the secretory process of protein/salts called?

Answer 13

merocrine

Question 14

what form the secretory units of the mammary gland at the distal ends of intralobular ducts?

Answer 14

alveoli!

Question 15

what surround an alveolus? what due they do in response to suckling?

Answer 15

myoepithelial cells. oxytocin- ‘milk let down’, suckling -> contraction of myoepithelial cells

Question 16

what do the alveoli look like in an INACTIVE GLAND?

Answer 16

FLATTENED ‘cuboidal’ epithelium- solid masses of cells, little secretory vesicles.

Question 17

what happens to the intralobular ducts during pregnancy?

Answer 17

proliferate & branch.

Question 18

During pregnancy, alveoli ____ (decrease/no change/increase) and connective tissue _____ (decrease/no change/ increase).

Answer 18

increase. decrease since it’s getting compressed.

Question 19

protein-rich, vitamin A, sodium, chloride, lactalbumin, IgA is called what (pre-milk)?

Answer 19

colostrum

Question 20

what does milk consist of?

Answer 20

lactose, proteins (caseins), lipids, IgA

Question 21

what happens to alveolar size and connective tissue during REGRESSION?

Answer 21

decreases. increases.

Question 22

what stimulates duct proliferation from puberty -> pregnancy?

Answer 22

ESTROGENS

Question 23

what stimulates alveolar proliferation from puberty -> pregnancy?

Answer 23

PROGESTERONE

Question 24

what are the three functions of prolactin?

Answer 24

additional gland development in latter half of pregnancy, stimulates casein production, stimulates lactose production

Question 25

_____ from the pars distalis (acidophils)

Answer 25

prolactin

Question 26

______: increases prolactin secretion by decreasing prolactin inhibitory factor (PIF)

Answer 26

suckling reflex

Question 27

_____: oxytocin release (myoepithelial cells contract) and milk accumulates in lactiferous sinuses

Answer 27

Milk ejection reflex

Question 28

where are most cancers developed in the breast?

Answer 28

80% duct cells