Final: DRA and oral health Flashcards
which systemic conditions can periodontitis be linked ot
- heart disease
- stroke
- diabetes
- pregnancy complications (preterm and low birth weight)
- respiratory infections: COPD and pneumonia in elderly
- alzheimers/neurodegeneration
- obstructive sleep apnea
what is type 1 diabetes/how common
body doesnt produce insulin and can happen at any age. 5-10% of population with diabetes
how common is type 2 diabetes
insulin resistance ttype 90-95 % of diabetes
gestational diabetes how common?
nearly 10% of pregnancies in the US unknown cause
what is type 3 diabetes
related to alzheimers, insulin signaling pathway and tau protein
what are signs of diabetes
- extreme thirst
- extreme hunger even tho eating
- blurry vision
- extreme weight losss (type 1) even tho eating
- tingling, pain and numbless in hands and feet (type2)
- cuts or bruises that are slow to heal
what are type 2 diabetes risk factors
-overweight, family history, 45+, gestational diabetes, physically inactive, certain ethnic/races
what is a high random blood glucose test
shouldnt exceed 200 mg/dl!
what is the difference between prevalence and incidence
incidence: total number of NEW cases of an illness at a specific period of time
prevalence: total number of people with a certain illnesss at a specific period of time (diagnosed and undiagnosed) ALL
what are some serious medical outcomes diabetes is a leading cause for
- atraumatic limb amputation
- kidney failure
- adult onset blindness
- stroke and heart attack
what are 3 diabetes related oral health conditiosn
- xerostomia (dry mouth due to impaired salivary function, possibly due to decreased blood flow)
- oral candidiasis- thrush or candida; white patches that wipe off
- burning mouth syndrome
when should you not treat a patient based on blood glucose
over 200!
what is prediabetes/diabetes for A1c test
-a1c: diabetes= 6.5% or above
prediabetes: 5.7-6.4%
normal below 5.7%
what is prediabetes/diabetes for fasting blood sugar test
diabetes: 126 mg/dl or more
prediabetes : 100-125 mg/dl or more
normal up to 99
what is prediabetes/diabetes for random blood sugar test, normal?
diabetes: 200 or more
prediabetes 140-199
normal: up to 140
what are the 4 steps of ODTP
History (medical dental and social)
periodontal disease status (soft tissue)
caries disease status (hard tissue)
treatment plan
what are the 4 fundamental oral diseases
-periodontal, caries, occlusal, and oral/oropharyngeal cancers
what are risk factors for chronic adult periodontitis
diabetes, diet, and smoking
which has a greater risk for periodontal disease type 1 or 2 diabetes
type 1 is 3-7x greater risk! depends on control of diabetes
-type 2 is 2-4x greater risk, dependent on diet control.
-well controlled diabetics with effective hygiene is similar to non diabetics!!
how much risk does smoking add and whats it proportional to
periodontal risk is 2.5-7x greater! pack years – packs a day x years
– periodontitis onset is earlier and more rapid progression in smokers but it MASKS THE SIGNS!
what are predictors for periodontal disease examples
age, obesity, gender, bacteria, genetics, stress, occlusion, dental visits
how is gender related to periodontitis
its a predictor: greater in males than females 2:1
how is age related to periodontitis
its a predictor: can increase as much as 4x with age but this isnt inevitable.
-inflammation is root cause of many chronic diseases of aging and periodontal disease is a major source of chronic inflammation
what is the relation between obesity and periodontitis
it is a predictor and goes up with degree of excess weight
-body over produces inflammatory mediators when over weight- same that cause periodontal disease.
- inflammatory mediators released by gingival cells in presence of periodontal disease also stimulate an increase in appetite, which compounds both diseasess.
- both obesity and periodontal disease increase risk of heart/cv disease, diabetes, gallstones etc
list caries identification technology
- fiber optic transilllumination (FOTI and DIFOTI)
- light induced fluorescence (QLF)
- laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent)
- laser induced infrared photothermal radiometry and modulated luminescence
- electrical conductance
- alternatin current impedance spectroscapy
- ultrasound
- optical coherence tomography (OCT) using near infrared (NIR) transillumination
what are the BEST caries risk INDICATORS found so far
- the number of existing caries lesions
- the number of restored or missing teeth!
what are caries risk factors
anything that lowers oral pH or harbors plaque:
- acid producing bacteria are high
- readily visible heavy plaque on teeth
- snacking more than 3x a day
- deep pits and fissures
- recreational drug use
- inadequate saliva flow
- saliva reducing factors (medications, radiation etc)
- exposed root surfaces
- orthodontic appliances
what issues can malocclusion lead to
- secondary occlusal trauma leading to loss of periodontal attachment
- accumulation of plaque/inability to thoroughly clean tooth and gingival surfaces leading to periodontal and/or caries disease
-occlusla disease is a risk factor for periodontal and caries! and loss of teeth due to periodontal/caries is a risk factor for occlusal disease
what are caries disease indicators? how many do you need for high risk?
just ONE makes you high risk!
- new/progressing visible cavitations or radiolucencies into dentin
- new/progressing approximal enamel lesions by radiogrpah
- new/active white spot lesions
- restoration for caries in the last 3 years due to decay
STATS 2: how do you get the mean variance?
subtract value from mean and square for each value, add these all together and divide by the number of measurements.
STATS 2: how do you get the standard deviation
square root of variance (now same unit as measurement)
what % is in each normal standard deviation (+ or - 1, 2, and 3)
+ or -1 standard deviation is 68.3%
+ or -2 standard deviations is 95.4%
3 standard deviations + or - is 99.7%
-also remember that it goes 34.1% on one side for 1 standard deviation, 13.6% more for 2 standard deviations, 2.1 % more for 3 standard deviations
