Autumn Final: Common Medical Problems + Prescribed Drugs Flashcards
what are the types of names of drugs (Eg, warfarin and coumadin)
generic/non-proprietary; warfarin
trade/brand name; coumadin
pharmacological category; anticoagulant, coumarin derivative, vitamin K antagonist (this ones most important for us)
List 6 anticoagulants ; whats the general type of medicine? list each thing it acts on
GENERALLY ANTAGONISTS ; antagonist of
- acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) : COX1&2
- clopidogrel (plaxiv) - P2Y12 ADP
- coumadin (warfarin) - Vitamin K
- rivaroxaban (xarelto) - Xa
- apixaban (eliquis) - Xa
- dabigatran (pradaxa) - thrombin
List 4 antihypertensives (maybe not on test)
- beta 1 blocker (metoprolol/lopressor)
- calcium channel blocker (amlodipine/norvasc)
- ACE inhibitor (lisinopril) or ARB (losartan)
- Diuretics (hydroclorothyazide - HCTZ and furosemide/lasix)
list 2 anti anxiety meds (maybe not on test)
- SSRI (sertraline, prozac and sertraline, zoloft)
- benzodiazepines (diazepam, valium and alprazolam, xanax)
TOP 10 commonly prescribed drugs
- atorvastatin (LIPITOR)
- Lisinopril (prinivil, zestril)
- Albuterol (accuneb, ventolin, proair, proventil)
- levothyroxin (sythroid, unithroid, levoxyl, levothyroid)
- amlodipine (norvasc, amvaz)
- metoprolol (lopressor, torpol)
- gabapentin (neurontin)
- omeprazole (prilosec)
- metformin (glucophage)
- losartan (cozaar)
hydrocodone?
Lisinopril; (3 brand names, drug use and effect)
brand names; prinivil , zestril, Qbrelis
-ACE inhibitor used for HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE treatment and heart failure prevention
atorvastatin (brand name. drug use and effect)
brand name; lipitor
-Treatment to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and reduce risk of heart attack and stroke
Levothyroxine (brand names 4, treatment)
brand names; levo-T, synthroid, euthyrox, levoxyl
-Treatment for hypothyroidism
metformin (4 brand names, treatment)
Brand names -glucophage, fortamet, glumetza, riomet
first line med for type TWO diabetes
amlodipine (3 brand names, treatment)
- brand names; norvasc, katerzia, amvaz
- treatment for high blood pressure, chest pain and coronary artery disease
metoprolol (2 brand names, treatment)
brand names; lopressor, toprol
treatment for high blood pressure and chest pain
omeprazole (brand name, treatment)
prilosec
GERD
losartan (brand name, treatment)
cozaar
treatment for high blood pressure
albuterol (brand names; 4)
proair, accuneb, proventil, ventolin
asthma, COPD, airway tightness
gabapentin (3 brand names , treatment)
- brand names; horizant, neurontin, gralise
- treatment used to control seizures resulting from epilepsy
what 6 quesitons should always be asked
- cardiovar diseases?
- allergies to medicines or latex?
- bleeding issues?
- take any medications?
- other medical problems not asked about?
list diagnostic tests for :
- bleeding issues secondary to liver disease
-aspirin/non steroidal anti inflammatory agents
-thrombocytopenia
-anticoagulant warfarin
anticoagulant plavix and newer agents
- bleeding issues assoc w liver; INR (international normalized ratios)– liver disease may cause reduction in synthetic capabilities of factors they cant clot–
- aspirin/non steoridal anti inflamm agents (bleeding time)
- thrombocytopenia (CBC with a differential - gives platelet count) and bleeding time test
- anticoag warfarin; INR
- anticoag plavix and newer agents : NO RELIABLE TESTS
whats prophylactic antibiotics
preoperative antibiotics required (know about it before procedures)
what is an issue with a joint replacement
may be called bilateral tka/tkr (total knee arthroplasty/reconstruction)
- -want to know about inflammatory problems/immunosuppression problems (diabetes?)
- also could be rheumatoid arthritis, traumatic/war related
-consult orthopedic surgery; recommendation from ada is we dont prescribe prophylactic antibiotics for patients with a joint replacement, not recommended. UNLESS the patient has had previous infections in the past or an orthopedic surgeon that suggests it.
list contraindications to elective dental treatment
-myoacardial infarction within 6 months
-stroke within 6 months
-blood pressure above 180/110
-hiv/aids with CD4<50 and or platelet count <60,000
-INR>3.5 with need for invasive treatment
-undiagnosed and/or untreated chest pain
-undiagnosed , untreated, or non-compliant diabetes or other endocrine diseases
-
Describe ASA classifications I-VI
I: normal/healthy (healthy, non smoking, minimal alcohol)
II: Mild systemic disease (Mild diseases only without substantive functional limitations (current smoker, alcohol drinker, pregnancy, obesity, well controlled DM/HTN , mild lung disease)
III: Severe systemic disease (substantive functional limits; one or more moderate to severe diseases. Like poor controlled DM/HTN, copd, obesity, active hepatitis, alcohol dependence or abuse, pacemaker, moderate reduction of ejection fraction, ESRD undergoing regularly scheduled dialysis, premature infant, PCA<60 weeks, history NOT recent.. more than 3 months ago of Myocardial infraction, CVA-stroke, TIA- mini stroke, or CAD/stents- coronary artery disease)
IV: Severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life (recent MI, CVA–stroke, TIA-mini stroke, or CAD/stents=coronary artery disease, ongoing cardiac ischema or severe valve disfunction, severe reduction of ejection fraction, sepsis, DIC, ARD or ESRD, not undergoing regularly scheduled dialysis
V: moribund patient, not expected to survive without the operation (ruptured abdominal/thoracic aneurysm, massive trauma, intracranial bleed with mass effect, ischemic bowel in face of significant cardiac pathology or multiple organ/system dysfunction)
VI: declared brain dead patient, organs being removed
cerebrovascular accident= stroke (CVA)
what are diagnostic tests for kidneys
- BUN (blood, urea, nitrogen)
- creatine clearance rate
what type of diagnostic tests may be used with immunosupression
CBC with differential (plateley for surgery especiall)
- t supressor cell count for HIV
- viral load for HIV
liver diagnostic tests
- SMA20 (SGOT, AST, ALT)
- PT & PTT
- INR
LIST diagnostic diabetes tests
-fasting blood sugar (>126 mg/dL)
-random plasma glucose (>200 mg/dL with symptoms (polyurina, polydispia, unexplained weight loss)
3. 2 hour plasma glucose >200 mg/dL following 75 g glucose load
-fructosamine tests (reflects average control over last 2-3 weeks)
glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c- past 6-8 weeks (>7% is an issue)
hiv diagnostic tests
-t cell count, vital load, CBC with differential for platelet
which ASA classifications require consultation (relevant for dentistry)
3 and 4! medically complex.
