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Embryology > final chp 12 reproductive > Flashcards

final chp 12 reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

when does the reproductive system develop?

A

5-6th week

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2
Q

what week is sex identification possible?

A

8th week

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3
Q

development of the gonads?

A
  • coelomic epithelium
  • inner mesenchyme tissue
  • primordial germ cell
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4
Q

what is the genital ridge covered by?

A

coelum epithelium

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5
Q

the development of cells causes the genital ridge to bulge into the?

A

coelum

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6
Q

what makes up the inner mass of the genital ridge?

A

mesenchyme

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7
Q

the cells within the genital ridge arrange themselves into what?

A

sex cords

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8
Q

the sex cords grow into underlying?

A

mesenchyme

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9
Q

when the sex cords grow into the mesenchyme they become?

A

primary sex cords

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10
Q

the indifferent gonad has what two thingsz?

A

cortex and medulla

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11
Q

the cortex has an outer layer and during development in males it? in females?

A

in males it regresses

in females the cortex develops

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12
Q

the medulla is the inner layer and during development in males it? in females?

A

in males it develops

in females it regresses

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13
Q

during the development of the ovaries the primordial germ cells migrate to the?

A

surface epithelium and forms the cortical cords

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14
Q

during the development of the ovaries at the 16th week, what happens?

A

the cortical cords break up into primordial follicles

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15
Q

the mesonephric ducts play an important role in which sex?

A

male reproductive system

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16
Q

what is formed from the mesonephric ducts in males?

A

epididymis
ductus deferens
ejaculatory duct
cranial part-efferent ?

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17
Q

in females the paramesonephric ducts develops where?

A

they develop on each side of the body

18
Q

in females what ducts open into the coelum, pass caudally along the side of the mesonephric duct, and the caudal end fueses to form the Y shape?

A

paramesonephric ducts

uterovaginal- uterus and vagina

19
Q

the genital tubercle develops where?

A

at the upper end of the cloacal

20
Q

during the development of the genitalia labioscrotal _________ and urinogenital ______ develop

A

labioscrotal swelling and urinogenital folds develop

21
Q

during development of the genitalia, the genital tubules elongates to form?

A

a phallus

22
Q

what are some symptoms of ovarian hypoplasia?

A
  • small ovary size
  • poor breast development
  • small uterus
  • only some ovarian function
23
Q

ovarian hypoplasia can be associated with what syndrome?

A

turner’s syndrome

24
Q

true or false

turner’s syndrome can be unilateral or bilateral?

A

true

unilateral affected can give birth to a normal infant

25
Q

Bilateral ovarian hypoplasia will contain what?

A

very few primordial germ cells

26
Q

when affected by bilateral ovarian hypoplasia, six months after birth they will have no?

A

NO oocytes even after 6 months

27
Q

during bilateral ovarian hypoplasia what stimulates the fetus’ cells?

A

mother’s hormones

28
Q

during a bilateral ovarian hypoplasia few primordial germ cells reach what?

A

when migrating from yolk sac, few reach the genital ridges

29
Q

during pure gonadal dysgenesis what do the germ cells do?

A

the germ cells do not migrate from the yolk sac

30
Q

what is the karotype for those affected by pure gonadal dysgenesis?

A

normal karotype
46,xx
46,xy

31
Q

what are the physical characteristics of those affected by testicular feminization syndrome?

A

appears as a normal female

  • despite presence of testes
  • not noticed in childhood
  • raised as female
32
Q

the karotype of those affected by testicular feminization syndrome?

A

chromatin negative genetic male

46,XY

33
Q

what does chromatin negative mean?

A

containing a sex chromatin- a characteristic of the nuclei of cells in a normal male

34
Q

what does chromatin positive mean?

A

containing a sex chromatin- a characteristic of the nuclei of cells in a normal female

35
Q

what sex organs are present in true hermaphroditism?

A

both ovaries and testes are present

36
Q

true or false

in true hermaphroditism, gonadal tissue can be found only bilaterally?

A

false

can be found bilateral or unilateral

37
Q

what percentage of true hermaphrodites are chromatin positive?

A

70%

38
Q

what are the karotypes of true hermaphrodites?

A

mosaicism (chimera) has been reported
46,XX/46,XY
46,XX/47,XXY

39
Q

what does mosaic mean?

A

mixture of cells with different karotypes

40
Q

what is hypospadias?

A

the urethral opening is on the ventral side of the penis instead of the tip

  • glandular
  • penile
  • penoscrotal
  • perineal
41
Q

what is epispadise?

A

urethral opening on the dorsal side of the penis instead of the tip

Embryology (9 decks)

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