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Embryology > exam 3 chp 11 > Flashcards

exam 3 chp 11 Flashcards

1
Q

the urinary system develops before what other closely related systme?

A

reproductive

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2
Q

the kidneys excrete?

A

urine

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3
Q

what carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

A

ureters

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4
Q

what does the urinary bladder store?

A

urine

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5
Q

what carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body?

A

urethra

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6
Q

what are the three genes important for development?

A

Wilm’s tumor suppresor (WT1)
Sterodogenic factor 1
DAX1 gene

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7
Q

mutations of the DAX1 gene will cause?

A

sex-linked X adrenal hypoplasia

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8
Q

the urinary and genital system both develop from?

A

intermediate mesoderm

mesonnephric mesenchyme

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9
Q

the intermediate mesoderm extends along the paraxial mesoderm from the 7th to the ____ somite level.

A

28th

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10
Q

during development a longitudinal ridge develops from the ___________ mesoderm alontg the 7th to 28th somite level.

A

intermediate mesoderm

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11
Q

during development a nephrogenic mass extends along the dorsal body wall of the?

A

embryo

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12
Q

the longitudinal elevation of the mesoderm becomes the?

A

urogenital ridge

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13
Q

the somites break up into segments aong the 7th to 14th level. the segments are known as?

A

nephrotomes

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14
Q

the urogenital ridge forms on each side of the dorsal aorta and bulges into the?

A

coelum

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15
Q

the urogenital ridge gives rise to what two systems?

A

urinary system- nephrogenic cord/ridge

genital system- genital ridge

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16
Q

teh three distinct types of kidneys?

A

pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros

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17
Q

development of the kidneys begins in what week?

A

the 3rd week

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18
Q

the first set of kidneys that is rudimentary and nonfunctional?

A

Pronephroi

analog- found in developmental stages in fishes and amphibians

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19
Q

the second set of kidneys that are well developed and function briefly?

A

mesonephroi

analog- the adult kidney of amphibians and fish

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20
Q

which kidneys becomes the permanent kidneys?

A

metanephroi

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21
Q

the urinary tubules are open and connect what two structures?

A

the coelom

the collecting duct

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22
Q

the glomerulus projects into the?

A

coelom

external glomerulus?

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23
Q

the closed tubules only open into the?

A

collecting ducts

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24
Q

the closed tubules are associated with the?

A

gomerulus

internal glomerulus?

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25
Q

the kidney that develops from the 7th to 10th somite level?

A

Pronephroi

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26
Q

the kidney that is referred to as the head kidney?

A

pronephroi

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27
Q

the kidney that develops open tubules with external glomeruli?

A

pronephroi

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28
Q

the kidney that degenrates around the 4th week?

A

Pronephroi

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29
Q

the kidney with 4 pairs of tubules?

A

pronephroi

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30
Q

the kidney located at the 10-26th somite level?

A

mesonphroi

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31
Q

the kidney that develops from the nephrogenic cord?

A

mesonphroi

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32
Q

the kidney that opens into the excretory duct?

A

mesonephroi

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33
Q

the excretory duct of this kidneys is known as the mesonephronic ducts?

A

mesonephroi

34
Q

the kidney with 38 pairs of tubules?

A

mesonephroi

35
Q

the kindey with closed tubules associated with internal glomerulus?

A

mesonephroi

36
Q

the tubules of this kidney have an S- shape?

A

mesonephroi

37
Q

which kidney is this? during the degeneration of the tubules from the cranial end, more are added to the caudal end?

A

mesonephroi

38
Q

some of the mesonephric tubules and duct remain in which sex?

A

Male becomes the genital duct system

39
Q

the mesonephric tubules are not retained in which sex?

A

female

40
Q

which are the permanent kidneys?

A

Metanephros

41
Q

which kidney develops in the 5th week?

A

metanehros

42
Q

which kidney develops from two sources?

A

metanephros

43
Q

what are the two sources that the metanephros kidneys develops from?

A

ureteric bud

metanephrogenic blastema

44
Q

what is derived from the mesonephric duct close to cloaca?

A

ureteric bud

45
Q

what is derived from caudal part of nephrogenic cord?

A

metanephrogenic blastema

46
Q

nephrogenic mass is located lateral to eth mesonephric duct at what somite level?

A

26th to 28th somites

tubules -branch

47
Q

the nephrons or urinary tubules are associated with the?

A

nephrogenic mass

48
Q

the duct system of the metanephros is located at what somite level?

A

28th somite

49
Q

what is the duct system of the metanephros composed of?

A

collecting ducts
renal pelvis
ureter
ureteric bud

50
Q

what is the flat end of the ureteric bud of the metanephros?

A

renal pelvis

51
Q

major and minor calyces develop from?

A

renal pelvis

52
Q

branching of the minor calyces produces what?

A

collecting duct system

53
Q

what is the inner layer of the metanephric nephrogenic tissue composed of?

A

tubules/nephrons

54
Q

what is the outer layer of the metanephric nephrogenic tissue is composed of?

A

connective tissue

55
Q

each kidney has how many nephrons?

A

2 million

56
Q

the internal glomerulus is what type of tissue?

A

metanephric nephrogenic tissue

57
Q

tubules become?

A

nephrons

58
Q

kidneys in the fetus are located where?

A

pelvis area

59
Q

kidneys in the fetus are what texture?

A

lobulated later in development they smooth out

60
Q

development of the urinary bladder happens in what week?

A

7th week

61
Q

during the development of the urinary bladder the mesodermal mass divides the cloacal into the?

A

cloacal septum

62
Q

during urinary bladder development the dorsal cloacal becomes the?

A

rectum

63
Q

the urinary bladder with urogenital sinus?

A

ventral cloacal

64
Q

the allantois and bladder are?

A

continous

65
Q

the allantois becomes?

A

vestigial

66
Q

in fetus the allantois is the?

A

urachus

67
Q

in an adult the allantois is?

A

medial umbilical ligament

68
Q

the kidney at somites 7-10 and 4 pairs of tubules?

A

pronephros

69
Q

the kidney at somite 10-26 and 38 pair of tubules?

A

mesonephros

70
Q

the kidney at somite 26-28 and 2,000,000 tubules?

A

metanephros

71
Q

the bi lateral congenital malformation of the kidney that is compatible with intra-uterine life, but not compatible with post natal life?

A

renal agenesis

bilateral is potter syndrome

72
Q

the unilateral congenital malformation of the kidney that is an absence of a kidney and compatible with life?

A

renal agenesis

73
Q

the congenital malformation of the kidney that is an incomplete development, can be unilateral or bilateral, with bilateral can support intrauterine life but not post natal life?

A

renal hypoplasia

74
Q

what type of congenital cystic kidney is found in infants, early death, giant/spongy kidneys, and symmetrically enlarged?

A

type 1

75
Q

what type of congenital cystic kidney is when kidneys are variable in size and shape, unilateral and cysts grow larger with age?

A

type 2

76
Q

what type of congenital cystic kidney has normal and abnormal tissue, both kidneys are involved, cysts are small at birth, the kidneys enlrage with cysts, and found in trisomy 13,15,18,21,22?

A

type 3

77
Q

the type of congenital kidney malformation that has a urethral obstruction, cysts found in the collecting tubules, severe is fetal/neonate death, mild cases can be surgically repaired?

A

type 4

78
Q

the type of congenital kidney malformation that we might see in clinic, manifests in adult life, present before birth, onset in 40s death in 50s, low back pain, kidney infections?

A

type 5

79
Q

the malformation that is fusion at both ends/donut, tissue connecting the two kidneys/isthmus, cannot ascend and is located in lower lumbar area, etiology is trisomies 18,13-15,21 and turners?

A

horseshoe kidney

80
Q

horeshoe can possibly be linked to what three enviromental factors?

A

vitamin A deficieny
radiation
teratogenic agents

81
Q

the disorder that has many names, renal tumors in children, rapid growth of tumors and metastases, tumors originate in mesoderm, symptoms are facial features, vision, urinary problems?

A

Wilm’s tumor

82
Q

Wilm’s tumor suppressor is important for what?

A

proper kidney development

Embryology (9 decks)

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