Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Drugs and Society > Final Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Final Chapter 5 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

this is the most widely abused psychoactive drug and the oldest known

A

ethyl alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

alcohol results from

A

fermentation of fruits for wine and grains for beer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fermentation products are limited to about ____% alcohol bc why?

A

higher alcohol levels kill the yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

C6H12O6 (SUgar)–>

A

2C2H5OH (Ethyl alcohol) + 2CO2(carbon Dioxide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

these are impurities that can increase the severity of hangovers

A

congeners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

this is made from roasted grain; combined with water, hops, and yeast

A

beer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

a lager has how much % alcohol?

A

4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

these are generally made from grapes

A

wines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

unfortified wines have about %

A

12%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

these result from distilling fermentation products

A

distilled spirits (liquors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Liquors and whiskey have about % alcohol

A

40-50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Everclear has % alcohol

A

95%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

1 proof= ?%

A

1/2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

1% = ? poof

A

2 proof

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the body absorption is distributed of how much percentage of which organs

A

stomach=20% and the small intestine absorb 80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the body does what to alcohol

A

the body metabolizes alcohol at at continuous rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what goes on in a liver cell when alcohol is consumed

A

Ethyl alcohol–>(alcohol dehydrogenase occurs) Tf producing Acetaldehyde–> if you are taking antabuse this is where antabuse stops the process
next acetic acid –> cargo dioxide (water and energy) which means that there are calories; this is the only drug mentioned where you gain calories!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This is a measure of the % of alcohol on 100 mls of blood

A

Blood alcohol content (BAC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A 175 lb. male, on average, drinking 5 drinks in 2 hours would have a ? BAC. this means what?

A

.095 BAC

he would be legally drink in most states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

these measure how alcohol works in your blood and what is happening in your lungs

A

breathalyzers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the four LOW dose episodes for the effects and consequences of alcohol

A
  1. blood vessel dilation
  2. increased sexual desire
  3. gastric juices stimulated
  4. relaxation and disinhibitation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the six HIGH dose episodes for the effects and consequences of alcohol

A
  1. muscular coordination is impaired
  2. slurred speech
  3. loss of emotional control
  4. impaired sexual performance
  5. Alcohol poisoning over dose
  6. hangover
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

this is vomiting, unconsciousness, coma, death

A

alcohol poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the BAC threshold for alcohol poisoning is

A

.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

this is a headache, fatigue, nausea, thirst, inability to concentrate, depression

A

hangover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are the frequent high dose use? (4)

A
  1. alcoholism
  2. blackouts
  3. tolerance and tissue dependence
  4. withdrawal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how much % of adults in the US suffer from alcoholism and becomes an addiction

A

10-12%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

this is defined as no recall of events while intoxicated

A

blackouts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

severe withdrawal involves what

A

sweating, tremors, hallucinations, seizures and delirium tremens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the long term effects of alcohol use?

A
  1. ) stomach problems
  2. ) liver problems
  3. ) brain atrophy and enlarged ventricles
  4. ) heart problems
  5. ) malnutrition
31
Q

What are the stomach problems that are associated with long term use effects of alcohol?

A

gastritis: the inflammation of the stomach
ulcers: this is where individuals cough up bright red blood

32
Q

What are the liver problems associated with the long term use of alcohol?

A

cirrhosis: where scare tissue replaces normal liver tissue

“fatty liver”: the liver becomes enlarged

33
Q

What result from prolonged heavy drinking?

A

memory loss and dementias: this is not a natural normal aging condition

34
Q

When it comes to long term alcohol use, why does malnutrition happen?

A

alcoholics receive their calories from alcohol which had=s not vitamins, protein, or minerals

35
Q

What are some other problems that are associated with alcohol use?

A 
A self-medication/mental problems
B FAS
C Suicide
D Motor vehicle accidents
E aggression/violence
36
Q

When it comes to self-medication and mental problems. alcohol is often used to try to do what to mental disorders? What do alcoholics often suffer from?

A

try to control moderate to severe mental disorders

depression and anxiety

37
Q

More than ?% of motor vehicle fatalities indicate alcohol use?

A

50%

38
Q

Adult alcoholics have ____ the suicide rate of the general population

A

twice

39
Q

About how many victims who die from suicide have a BAC of 1.0 BAC?

A

1/4

40
Q

What are the 4 abnormalities associated with FAS?

A

1 Delayed intelectual development
2 CNS Abnormalities
3 Abnormal construction of the head and face
4 growth retardation

41
Q

according to findings about FAS, When do the greatest damage results happen and what is the severity of exposure to alcohol?

A

in the earlier stages of pregnancy and heavy exposure

42
Q

This kind of drinking is high in BAC and the most drinking pattern and does not happen over a couple of weeks

A

Binge drinking

43
Q

Sedatives can lower your inhibitions, causing what?

A

Personality change

44
Q

By lowering your inhibitions, alcohol may cause what?

A

pent-up anger, hatred or desire

45
Q

Alcohol also impairs what

A

judgment, reason, and common sense

46
Q

What % of homicides and rapes are committed under the influence of alcohol?

A

50

47
Q

This is the branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of disease and other factors relating to health:

A

epidemiology

48
Q

Drinking problems account for what % percentage of hospital admissions?

A

30%

49
Q

Who drink more per episode and have more drinking problems?

A

men

50
Q

How many % of college students agree to binge drinking at least once a week?

A

40%

51
Q

As a result of binge drinking for college students:

A

GPA drops and frequency of alcohol use increases

52
Q

What are the main classes of psychedelics

A 
1 Indole Psychedelics
2 Phenyalklamines
3 Anticholingers
4 Cannabinols
5 Other
53
Q

Name 2 Indole Psychedelics:

A

1 LSD

2 Psilocybin

54
Q

Name 2 Phenyalklamines:

A

1 Mescaline

2 ecstasy

55
Q

Name an Anticholinger:

A

belladonna

56
Q

Name some “others”

A

PCP

Ketamine

57
Q

The general effects to psychedelics, particularly the mental effects, depend on what?

A 
1 Size of dose
2 History with the drug
3 emotional makeup
4 mood
5 surroundings
58
Q

Some physical effects of psychedelics include?

A 
1 Increased heart rate
2 Increased blood pressure
3 sweating
4 nausea
5 increased sensitivity to sensory items
59
Q

what type of psychedelic is LSD?

A

Indole Psychadelic

60
Q

What does LSD Mean?

A

Lysergic Acid Deitthylamide

61
Q

Who was the fist to synthesize LSD?

A

Dr Albert Hoffman

62
Q

What was MK-ULTRA?

A

This is a program where the CIA conducted mind control studies and truth serum experiments with LSD

63
Q

WHo popularized LSD and when?

A

Harvard professor Dr Timothy Leary, in the 60s

64
Q

When and by whom made LSD illegal?

A

February 1, 1966

Federal Drug Abuse Control Amendments

65
Q

Where is LSD still manufactured?

A

In the San Francisco Bay Northern California

66
Q

How much LSD does the nation consume?

A

11 lbs. / year

67
Q

How is LSD synthesized and where do people tend to put it or how is it distributed?

A

Crystallin is dissolved in alcohol

Drops are put on blotter paper, pills, powders, and microdots

68
Q

Lower dose of LSD is?

A

30-50micrograms

69
Q

Effects of LSD are what?

A

Dose dependent

70
Q

what effects do 30-50 micrograms produce?

A

these are lower doses and they produce euphoria (laughter and giddiness)

71
Q

How much LSD is need to produce strong hallucinogens?

A

150-300 micrograms

72
Q

what is the dry that contains synthetic THC and is used to improve appetite?

A

Marinol

73
Q

What does of LSD is given to the research subject in the video?

A

100 micrograms

Drugs and Society (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions