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anatomy and physiology > final a&p 2 > Flashcards

final a&p 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine system

A

Glands, tissues, and cells that secrete hormones

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2
Q

Hormones

A

Chem messengers transported through bloodstream

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3
Q

What is pituitary gland controlled by

A

Hypothalamus

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4
Q

4 principal mechanisms of communication btwn cells

A

Gap junctions
neurotransmitters
Paracrines
Hormones

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5
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Have ducts, carry secretion to epithelial surface or mucosa of digestive tract
Extracellular effects (food digestion)

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6
Q

Endocrine system

A

No ducts, capillary network takes hormones into blood

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7
Q

Nervous/Endocrine - communication

A

Nervous - electrical impulses and neurotransmitters
Endocrine - hormones

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8
Q

Nervous/Endochrine - releases

A

Nervous - neurotransmitters at synapses at specific target cells
Endocrine - hormones into bloodstream for general distribution

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9
Q

Nervous/Endocrine - effects

A

Nervous - relatively local, specific effects
Endocrine - very general, widespread effects

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10
Q

Nervous/Endocrine reaction time

A

Nervous - quick, within 1-10 ms
Endocrine - slow, seconds to days

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11
Q

Nervous/Endocrine - stopping

A

Nervous - stops when stim stops
Endocrine - may continue to respond after stim stops

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12
Q

Nervous/Endocrine adaptation

A

Nervous - relatively quick to continual stim
Endocrine - relatively slowly, days to weeks

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13
Q

What is the adenohypophysis

A

Anterior pituitary

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14
Q

What is the neurohypophsis

A

Posterior pituitary

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15
Q

hypothalamic hormones

A

GnRH
TRH
CRH
PIH
GHRH
Somatostatin

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16
Q

Anterior lobe hormones

A

FSH
LH
TSH
ACTH
Prolactin
GH

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17
Q

posterior pituitary hormones

A

oxytocin
ADH

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18
Q

What is the full name, source, and target of ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone
anterior pituitary
adrenal glands

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19
Q

What is the full name, source, and target of ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone
posterior pituitary
kidneys

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20
Q

What is the full name and source of ANP

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide
heart

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21
Q

What is the full name, source, and target of CRH

A

Corticotropin-releasing hormone
hypothalamus
anterior pituitary

22
Q

What is the full name and source of DHEA

A

Dehydroepiandrosterone
adrenal cortex

23
Q

What is the full name and source of EPO

A

Erythropoietin
kidney, liver

24
Q

What is the full name, source, and target of FSH

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone
anterior pituitary
ovaries, testes

25
Q

What is the full name and source of GH

A

Growth hormone
anterior pituitary

26
Q

What is the full name, source, and target of GHRH

A

Growth hormone-releasing hormone
hypothalamus
anterior pituitary

27
Q

What is the full name, source, and target of GnRH

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
hypothalamus
anterior pituitary

28
Q

What is the full name and source of IGFs

A

Insulin-like growth factors
liver, other tissues

29
Q

What is the full name, source, and target of LH

A

Luteinizing hormone
anterior pituitary
ovaries, testes

30
Q

What is the full name and source of NE

A

Norepinephrine
adrenal medulla

31
Q

What is the full name and source of OT

A

Oxytocin
posterior pituitary

32
Q

What is the full name, source, and target of PIH

A

prolactin-inhibiting hormone (dopamine)
hypothalamus
anterior pituitary

33
Q

What is the full name, source, and target of PRL

A

prolactin
anterior pituitary
mammary glands

34
Q

What is the full name and source of PTH

A

Parathyroid hormone
parathyroids

35
Q

What is the full name and source of TH

A

thyroid hormone
thyroid

36
Q

What is the full name, source, and target of TRH

A

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
hypothalamus
anterior pituitary

37
Q

What is the full name, source, and target of TSH

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)
anterior pituitary
thyroid

38
Q

TRH promotes secretion of

39
Q

CRH promotes secretion of

40
Q

GnRH promotes secretion of

41
Q

GHRH promotes secretion of

42
Q

PIH inhibits secretion of

43
Q

Somatostatin inhibits secretion of

A

GH and TSH

44
Q

Function of FSH

A
  • stims secretion of ovarian sex hormones
  • dev of ovarian follicles
  • sperm production
45
Q

Function of LH

A
  • stims ovulation
  • stim corpus luteum to secrete progesterone
  • stim testes to secrete testosterone
46
Q

Function of ACTH

A

stims adrenal cortex to secrete glucocoticoids

47
Q

Function of PRL

A

stims mammary glands to produce milk

48
Q

Function of GH

A

stims mitosis and cellular differentiation

49
Q

Function of ADH

A
  • incr water retention preventing dehydr
  • target: collecting duct
50
Q

Function of IGF

A

prolong action of GH

51
Q

GH half-life
vs
IGF half-life

A

6-20 min
vs
~20 hrs

52
Q

Path of sperm

anatomy and physiology (13 decks)

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