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anatomy and physiology > a&p lab exam one > Flashcards

a&p lab exam one Flashcards

1
Q

define cardiac output

A

total amount of blood pumped per minute

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2
Q

what is the equation for CO

A

SVxHR

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3
Q

define stroke volume

A

EDV-ESV

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4
Q

how does increased venous return affect HR, SV, and CO

A

incr SV, which incr CO

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5
Q

how does exercise affect HR, SV, and CO

A

increases all

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6
Q

the part of the intrinsic conduction system that initiates and sets the heart rate is the …

A

SA node

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7
Q

List the parts of the intrinsic conductive system in order of how they reach the electrical signal

A

SA node –> AV node –> AV bundle –> AV bundle branch –> Purkinjie fibers

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8
Q

a tracing of the electrical activity of the heart is called an …

A

ECG

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9
Q

what does a P wave reflect

A

atrial depolarization

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10
Q

what does a QRS complex reflect

A

ventricular depolarization

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11
Q

what does a T wave reflect

A

ventricular repolarization

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12
Q

in a normal ECG wave tracing, atrial repolarization is hidden by the

A

ventricular depolarization

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13
Q

The P wave represents ___ depolarization, which leads to atrial ___.

A

atrial
systole

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14
Q

how do the waves of depolarization, generated by autorhythmic cells, spread to the muscle cells?

A

gap junctions

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15
Q

name three channels essential for generating an action potential and indicate which way the ions move

A

Ca2+ channels into
Na+ channels into
K+ channels out of

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16
Q

if the sodium channel or the calcium channels are open, the inside of the cell would be relatively more …

A

positive/depolarized

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17
Q

state the voltage-gated channels responsible for the following stagees of the action potential in cardiac contractile cells:
Depolarization
Plateau
Repolarization

A

Na+ gates
Ca2+ gates
K+ gates

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18
Q

What channels in the autorhythmic cells allow ions to leak in, producing a pacemaker potential?

A

Na+ channels

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19
Q

Where do you place stethoscope to hear Pulmonary SL valve? (on self)

A

just below the clavicle and to the left of the sternum

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20
Q

Where do you place stethoscope to hear Aortic SL valve? (on self)

A

just below the clavicle and to the right of the sternum

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21
Q

Where do you place stethoscope to hear mitral valve? (on self)

A

just below xiphoid process and to the left

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22
Q

Where do you place stethoscope to hear tricuspid valve?

A

just over xiphoid process

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23
Q

what causes heart sound 1

A

closure of the AV valves

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24
Q

what causes heart sound 2

A

closure of the SL valves

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25
Q

what are the parts of a stethoscope (6)

A

eartips
binaural
binaural spring
tubing
bell
diaphragm

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26
Q

what is the bell of a stethoscope used for

A

murmurs and newborns

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27
Q

anterior (ventral)

A

front of the body

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28
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

back of the body

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29
Q

superior (cranial)

A

toward head end of body

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30
Q

inferior (caudal)

A

away from head end of body

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31
Q

proximal

A

nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part of the body

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32
Q

distal

A

furthest from trunk or the point of origin of a part of the body

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33
Q

medial

A

toward the midline of the body

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34
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline of the body

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35
Q

superficial

A

closer to external surface of the body

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36
Q

deep

A

further from the external surface of the body

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37
Q

coronal plane

A

vertical plane that divides body into anterior and posterior

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38
Q

transverse plane

A

horizontal plane that divides body into upper and lower parts

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39
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertical plane that divides body into left and right

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40
Q

median plane

A

sagittal plane through the midline of the body

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41
Q

longitudinal tissue section

A

hotdog cut

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42
Q

cross tissue section

A

hamburger cut

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43
Q

oblique tissue section

A

diagonal cut

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44
Q

dorsal cavity

A

posterior, contains cranial and spinal cavity

45
Q

ventral cavity

A

anterior, contains thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavity

46
Q

abdominal-pelvic quadrants (4)

A

right upper
left upper
right lower
left lower

47
Q

right upper quadrant (8)

A

right lobe of liver
gallbladder
duodenum
head of pancreas
right adrenal gland
right kidney
superior part of ascending colon
right of transverse colon

48
Q

left upper quadrant (9)

A

left lobe of liver
spleen
most of stomach
jejunum and proximal ileum
body and tail of pancreas
left adrenal gland
left kidney
superior part of descending colon
left of transverse colon

49
Q

right lower quadrant (8)

A

cecum
appendix
most of ileum
inferior part of right uterine tube
right ovary
ascending colon
right ureter
right spermatic cord

50
Q

left lower quadrant (7)

A

sigmoid colon
inferior part of descending colon
left ovary
left uterine tube
left ureter
left spermatic cord

51
Q

abdominal-pelvic regions (9)

A

top row:
R hypochondriac, epigastric, L hypochondriac
middle row:
R lumbar, umbilical, L lumbar
bottom row:
R iliac (inguinal), hypogastric (pubic), L iliac (inguinal)

52
Q

parts of nervous system

A

brain
spinal chord
peripheral nerves

53
Q

parts of respiratory system

A

nasal passage
trachea
lungs

54
Q

parts of circulatory system

A

heart
blood vessels

55
Q

parts of digestive system

A

stomach
liver
gall bladder
large intestine
small intestine

56
Q

parts of excretory system

A

kidneys
urinary bladder

57
Q

parts of muscular system

A

skeletal muscles
tendons

58
Q

parts of skeletal system

A

cartilage
bones
joints

59
Q

parts of integumentary system

A

hair
skin
nails

60
Q

parts of immune system

A

thymus
lymph nodes
spleen
lymphatic vessels

61
Q

parts of the endocrine system

A

pituitary gland
thyroid gland
pancreas
adrenal glands
testes
ovaries

62
Q

parts of reproductive system

A

male: epididymis and testes
female: mammary glands, ovaries, and uterus

63
Q

frons

A

forehead or frontal

64
Q

oculus

A

eye (orbital or ocular)

65
Q

cranium

A

skull or cranial

66
Q

bucca

A

cheek or buccal

67
Q

facies

A

face or facial

68
Q

auris

A

ear or otic

69
Q

nasus

A

nose or nasal

70
Q

cervicis

A

neck or cervical

71
Q

oris

A

mouth or oral

72
Q

mentis

A

chin or mental

73
Q

axilla

A

armpit or axillary

74
Q

brachium

A

arm or brachial

75
Q

antecubitis

A

front of elbow or antecubital

76
Q

antebrachium

A

forearm or antebrachial

77
Q

carpus

A

wrist or carpal

78
Q

pollex

A

thumb

79
Q

palma

A

palm or palmar

80
Q

digits (phalanges)

A

fingers or toes

81
Q

patella

A

kneecap

82
Q

crus

A

leg or crural

83
Q

tarsus

A

ankle or tarsal

84
Q

pes

A

foot or pedal

85
Q

thorcis or thorax

A

chest or thoracic

86
Q

mamma

A

breast or mammary

87
Q

umbilicus

A

navel or umbilical

88
Q

hip

A

coxal

89
Q

pelvis

A

pelvic

90
Q

inguen

A

groin or inguinal

91
Q

pubis

A

pubic

92
Q

femur

A

thigh or femoral

93
Q

acromial

A

shoulder

94
Q

cephalon

A

head or cephalic

95
Q

dorsum

A

back

96
Q

olecranon

A

back of elbow

97
Q

lumbus

A

loin or lumbar

98
Q

manus

A

hand or manual

99
Q

gluteus

A

butt

100
Q

popliteus

A

back of knee

101
Q

sura

A

calf or sural

102
Q

calcaneus

A

heel of foot

103
Q

planta

A

sole of foot

104
Q

intermediate

A

between a more medial and lore lateral structure

105
Q

parietal

A

pertaining to the wall of a body cavity

106
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to the covering of an organ

107
Q

ipsilateral

A

on the same side of body

108
Q

contralateral

A

on the opposite side of body

109
Q

hallux

A

big toe

anatomy and physiology (13 decks)

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