a&p lab exam three Flashcards
waste collected from collecting duct into ____
minor calyx
major calyx drain into ___ which drains into ___
renal pelvis, ureter
difference btwn lung lobes and renal lobes
no physical demarcation between renal lobes
renal columns are found in between ____
renal pyramids
T/F: the collecting duct is part of the nephron
FALSE
the three layers of the kidney (out to in)
renal capsule
cortex
medulla
renal corpusle
glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule
need to know 5 capillaries
peritubular capillaries
-proximal and distal tubules
vasa recta
glomerulus
afferent arteriole
efferent arteriole
nephron loop aka
loop of henle
65% of total filtration reabsorbed in the proximal tubule
juxtaglomerular apparatus
macula densa
granular cells
extraglomerular mesangial cells
granular cell functions
secretes renin, sense increase in pressure
macula dense functions
mod’ed epithelial cells in distal conv tubule, adj to afferent before it enters glomerulus
extraglomerular mesangial cell functions
renal autoregulation, senses blood pressure and increases in salt
cells slides might ask about (renal)
distal tubules
glomerulus
bowman’s space
proximal tubules
The functional units of the kidney are the ___. They’re called ___ if they’re mainly in the cortex. They’re called ___ if they’re in the cortex and medulla, and these have very long Loops of Henle.
nephrons
cortical
juxtamedullary
Blood enters the kidney through the ___ artery. The artery branches into smaller and smaller arteries and arterioles.
renal
Complete the sequence below of blood entering the kidneys:
___ arteriole -> ___ capillaries -> ___ arteriole -> ___ capillaries and vasa recta
afferent -> glomerular -> efferent -> paratubular
Complete the sequence below showing all parts of the nephron:
Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule -> ___ convoluted tubule -> ___ (both descending and ascending limb) -> ___ convoluted tubule -> ___ duct
proximal -> nephron loop -> distal -> collecting
The renal corpuscle consists of two parts: ___ capillaries and the ___. A portion of the plasma is filtered into the capsular space due to the hydrostatic pressure of the blood.
glomerular
Bowman space
The filtration membrane consists of the following 3 parts: ___, ___membrane, and the ___ (which contain filtration slits.) This filtration membrane filters (selects) by ___ and ___ of a molecule.
glomerular endothelium
basement
podocytes
size
charge
The thin descending limb of the loop of Henle is highly permeable to ___ but not to ___. The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is highly permeable to ___ but not to ___.
water
salt
salt
water
Thick section of nephron loop diffuses
Sodium, potassium, chloride
what is the function of seminiferous tubules
produces sperm
where is the adrenal gland
fatty tissue on top of the kidney
what is the renal hilum
the lesser curvature of kidney
where is the renal capsule
outermost layer of kidney
what is the renal cortex
layer in between capsule and medulla
what is the renal medulla
contains nephron loop and collecting ducts
what is the renal column
in between the renal pyramids
what is the vasa recta
the capillary complex cutting through the nephron loop
juxtaglomerular apparatus
contains macula densa, mesangial cells, and granular cells
macula densa
sense sodium gradient
granular cells
sense increase in pressure
mesangial cells
sense blood pressure and increase salt
know respiratory tract
trachea –> primary bronchus –> secondary bronchus –> tertiary bronchus –> terminal bronchiole –> respiratory bronchiole –> alveoli
fissures and lobes of right lung
horizontal and oblique fissures
superior, middle, and inferior lobes
fissure and lobes of left lung
oblique fissure
superior and inferior lobe
cardiac notch
where is the brush border located
small intestines, make up the villi
what is contained in the villi
lacteals, microvilli, goblet cells,
what are the little things hanging off the large intestine
epiploic appendages
another name for the right colic flexure
hepatic flexure
another name for the left colic flexure
splenic flexure
what are the salivary glands
parotid
sublingual
submandibular
where is the quadrate lobe located
next to the gallbladder
where is the caudate lobe located
next to the inferior vena cava
what are the three sections of the male urethra
prostatic urethra
membranous urethra
spongy/penile urethra
where is sperm turned into semen
in the ejaculatory duct
what ligaments attach the ovaries to the uterus
ovarian ligament
broad ligament
suspensory ligament
parts of fallopian tube from ovary to uterus
fimbrae
infundibulum
isthmus
ampulla
timeline of ovarian follicles
primary –> secondary –> tertiary –> mature –> corpus hemorrhagicum –> corpus luteum –> corpus albicans
what ovarian follicle is the first to contain the blue stuff
tertiary
what is expelled from the corpus hemorrhagicum
ovulated oocyte
what percent of filtrate is reabsorbed in the pct
65%
what does aldosterone cause the principal cells of the DCT and Collecting duct do
create aquaporins to help reabsorb water
what are the four regions of the stomach
cardia
fundus
body
pylorus
what cells secrete:
HCl
Pepsinogen
Intrinsic factor
Gastric lipase
parietal
chief
parietal
chief
what are the three accessory organs of the male reproductive system
prostate, seminal vesicle, bulbo-urethral gland
