Final

Question 1

In molecular biology, a piece of DNA, usually a plasmid or a viral genome that is used to move genes from one cell to another

Answer 1

Vector

Question 2

A small ring of independently replicating DNA separate from the main chromosomes. Found in prokaryotes and yeast

Answer 2

Plasmids

Question 3

A DNA molecule that has been manipulated in the laboratory to carry nucleotide sequences desvives from 2 sources, often different species

Answer 3

Recombinant DNA

Question 4

An enzyme, essential for DNA replication, that catalyzes the covalent bonding of adjacent DNA polynucleotide strands

Answer 4

DNA Ligase

Question 5

An enzyme encoded and used by retroviruses that catalyzes the synthesis of DNA on an RNA template

Answer 5

Reverse transcriptase

Question 6

A bacterial enzyme that cuts up foreign DNA (at specific DNA sequences called restriction sites) thus protecting bacteria against intruding DNA from phages and other organisms

Answer 6

Restriction enzymes

Question 7

The scientific study of the interactions between organisms and the environment

Answer 7

Ecology

Question 8

Descent with modification; the idea that living species are descendants of ancestral species that were different from present day ones; also, the genetic changes in a population from generation to generation

Answer 8

Evolution

Question 9

A group of individuals belonging to ones species and living in the same geographic area

Answer 9

Population

Question 10

An assemblage of all the populations of organisms living close enough together for potential interactions

Answer 10

Community

Question 11

A process in which individuals with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than are individuals that do not have those traits

Answer 11

Natural selection

Question 12

The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits

Answer 12

Artificial selection

Question 13

The manipulation of living organisms or their components to make useful products

Answer 13

Biotechnology

Question 14

The evolution of a new species

Answer 14

Speciation

Question 15

A reproductive barrier that impedes mating between species or hinders fertilization if mating two species is attempted. Temporalmente hábitat, behavioral, mechanical, and genetic isolation

Answer 15

Prezygotic barrier

Question 16

A reproductive barrier that prevents hybrid zygotes produce by two different species from developing into viable, fertile adults. Hybrid viability, reduced hybrid fertility, and hybrid breakdown

Answer 16

Postzygotic barriers

Question 17

The formation of new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another

Answer 17

Allopatric speciation

Question 18

The formation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area

Answer 18

Sympatric speciation

Question 19

Offspring that results from the mating of individuals from two different species or from true breeding varieties of the same species;an offspring of two parents that differ in one or more pairs of genes

Answer 19

Hybrid

Question 20

Period of evolutionary change in which groups of organisms form many new species whose adaptations allow them to fill new or vacant ecological roles in their communities

Answer 20

Adaptive radiation

Question 21

The entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sun of all the planets ecosystems

Answer 21

Biosphere

Question 22

All the organisms in a given area, along with the non living factors with which they interact; a biological community and its physical environment

Answer 22

Ecosystem

Question 23

In a population, the number of individuals that an environment can sustain

Answer 23

Carrying capacity

Question 24

A population limiting factor whose intensity is linked to population density
Ex: decline in birth rates, increase in death rate in response to an increase in the number of individuals living in a designated area

Answer 24

Density dependent factor

Question 25

A population limiting factor whose intensity is unrelated to population density

Answer 25

Density independent factor

Question 26

The role of a species in its community; the sum total of species use of biotic and abiotic resources of its environment

Answer 26

Ecological niche

Question 27

A change in the genetic information of a cell; the ultimate source of genetic diversity

Answer 27

Mutation

Question 28

Offspring that results from the mating of individuals from two different species or from two true-breeding varieties of the same species; an offspring of two parents that differ in one or more inherited traits; an individual that is heterozygous for one or more pairs of genes

Answer 28

Hybrid

Question 29

A living component of the environment; an organism, or a factor pertaining to one or more organisms

Answer 29

Biotic Factors

Question 30

A non living component of the environment, such as air, water, or temperature

Answer 30

Abiotic factor