Final Flashcards
In molecular biology, a piece of DNA, usually a plasmid or a viral genome that is used to move genes from one cell to another
Vector
A small ring of independently replicating DNA separate from the main chromosomes. Found in prokaryotes and yeast
Plasmids
A DNA molecule that has been manipulated in the laboratory to carry nucleotide sequences desvives from 2 sources, often different species
Recombinant DNA
An enzyme, essential for DNA replication, that catalyzes the covalent bonding of adjacent DNA polynucleotide strands
DNA Ligase
An enzyme encoded and used by retroviruses that catalyzes the synthesis of DNA on an RNA template
Reverse transcriptase
A bacterial enzyme that cuts up foreign DNA (at specific DNA sequences called restriction sites) thus protecting bacteria against intruding DNA from phages and other organisms
Restriction enzymes
The scientific study of the interactions between organisms and the environment
Ecology
Descent with modification; the idea that living species are descendants of ancestral species that were different from present day ones; also, the genetic changes in a population from generation to generation
Evolution
A group of individuals belonging to ones species and living in the same geographic area
Population
An assemblage of all the populations of organisms living close enough together for potential interactions
Community
A process in which individuals with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than are individuals that do not have those traits
Natural selection
The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits
Artificial selection
The manipulation of living organisms or their components to make useful products
Biotechnology
The evolution of a new species
Speciation
A reproductive barrier that impedes mating between species or hinders fertilization if mating two species is attempted. Temporalmente hábitat, behavioral, mechanical, and genetic isolation
Prezygotic barrier
A reproductive barrier that prevents hybrid zygotes produce by two different species from developing into viable, fertile adults. Hybrid viability, reduced hybrid fertility, and hybrid breakdown
Postzygotic barriers
The formation of new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another
Allopatric speciation
The formation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area
Sympatric speciation
Offspring that results from the mating of individuals from two different species or from true breeding varieties of the same species;an offspring of two parents that differ in one or more pairs of genes
Hybrid
Period of evolutionary change in which groups of organisms form many new species whose adaptations allow them to fill new or vacant ecological roles in their communities
Adaptive radiation
The entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sun of all the planets ecosystems
Biosphere
All the organisms in a given area, along with the non living factors with which they interact; a biological community and its physical environment
Ecosystem
In a population, the number of individuals that an environment can sustain
Carrying capacity
A population limiting factor whose intensity is linked to population density
Ex: decline in birth rates, increase in death rate in response to an increase in the number of individuals living in a designated area
Density dependent factor
A population limiting factor whose intensity is unrelated to population density
Density independent factor
The role of a species in its community; the sum total of species use of biotic and abiotic resources of its environment
Ecological niche
A change in the genetic information of a cell; the ultimate source of genetic diversity
Mutation
Offspring that results from the mating of individuals from two different species or from two true-breeding varieties of the same species; an offspring of two parents that differ in one or more inherited traits; an individual that is heterozygous for one or more pairs of genes
Hybrid
A living component of the environment; an organism, or a factor pertaining to one or more organisms
Biotic Factors
A non living component of the environment, such as air, water, or temperature
Abiotic factor
