Cell Division and the Cell Cycle

Question 1

The structure that contains most of the cells genetic information in the form of DNA

Answer 1

Chromosome

Question 2

One half of a chromosome in a eukaryotic cell, remains attached to a sister chromatic at the centromere until mitosis

Answer 2

Chromatid

Question 3

The complex of dna and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes often used to refer to the diffuse, very extended form taken by chromosomes want to cell is not dividing

Answer 3

Chromatin

Question 4

The region of a duplicated chromosome were two sister chromatids are joined and where spindle microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis. The _________ divide at the onset of anaphase during mitosis and anaphase two during meiosis

Answer 4

Centromere

Question 5

The division of a single nucleus into two genetically identical nuclei. ______ and cytokinesis make up the mitotic phase of the cell cycle

Answer 5

Mitosis

Question 6

The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells.___Usually occurs in conjunction with the Telophase of mitosis. Mitosis and___make up the mitotic phase of the cell cycle

Answer 6

Cytokinesis

Question 7

Disease characterized by the presence of a malignant tumor in the body

Answer 7

Cancer

Question 8

And abnormal mass of cells that remain at it’s original site in the body

Answer 8

Benign

Question 9

And abnormal tissue mass that can spread into neighboring tissue and two other parts of the body; a cancerous tumor

Answer 9

Malignant

Question 10

Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell or a cell that develops into a sperm or egg

Answer 10

Somatic cell

Question 11

A sex cell; haploid egg or sperm. The union of two _______ of opposite sex produces zygote

Answer 11

Gamete

Question 12

A chromosome not directly involved in determining the sex of an organism; in mammals for example any chromosome other than X or Y

Answer 12

Autosome

Question 13

A chromosome that determines whether an individual is male or female

Answer 13

Sex chromosome

Question 14

The two chromosomes that make up a matched pair in a diploid cell._Are the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern and posses genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One_is inherited from the organisms father, the other from the mother

Answer 14

Homologous chromosomes

Question 15

In a sexually reproducing organisms, the division of a single diploid nucleus into four haploid daughter nuclei._And cytokinesis produce haploid gamete from the diploid cells in the reproductive organs of the parents

Answer 15

Meiosis

Question 16

In the lifecycle of an organism that reproduces sexually, a cell containing a single set of chromosomes; an n cell

Answer 16

Haploid

Question 17

In an organism that reproduces sexually, a cell containing two homologous sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent; a 2n cell

Answer 17

Diploid

Question 18

The diploid fertilized egg, which results from the union of a sperm cell nucleus and an egg cell nucleus

Answer 18

Zygote

Question 19

A display of micrographs of the metaphase chromosomes of a cell, arranged by size and centromere position._____ may be used to identify certain chromosomal abnormalities

Answer 19

Karyotype

Question 20

An accident of meiosis or mitosis in which a pair of Homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister chromatids fail to separate at anaphase

Answer 20

Nondisjunction

Question 21

The loss of one or more nucleotides from a gene by mutation; the loss of a fragment of a chromosome

Answer 21

Deletion

Question 22

Repetition of part of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from the homologous chromosome; can result from an error in meiosis or from mutagenesis

Answer 22

Duplication

Question 23

Resulting from reattachment of a chromosome fragment to the original chromosome, but in the reverse direction. Mutagens and errors during meiosis can cause this

Answer 23

Inversion

Question 24

During protein synthesis, the movement of a tRNA molecule caring a growing polypeptide chain from the A site to the P site on ribosome.
A change in a chromosome resulting from a chromosome or fragment attaching to a non-Homologous chromosome; can occur as a result of an error in meiosis or from mutagenesis

Answer 24

Translocation