Cell Division and the Cell Cycle Flashcards
The structure that contains most of the cells genetic information in the form of DNA
Chromosome
One half of a chromosome in a eukaryotic cell, remains attached to a sister chromatic at the centromere until mitosis
Chromatid
The complex of dna and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes often used to refer to the diffuse, very extended form taken by chromosomes want to cell is not dividing
Chromatin
The region of a duplicated chromosome were two sister chromatids are joined and where spindle microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis. The _________ divide at the onset of anaphase during mitosis and anaphase two during meiosis
Centromere
The division of a single nucleus into two genetically identical nuclei. ______ and cytokinesis make up the mitotic phase of the cell cycle
Mitosis
The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells.___Usually occurs in conjunction with the Telophase of mitosis. Mitosis and___make up the mitotic phase of the cell cycle
Cytokinesis
Disease characterized by the presence of a malignant tumor in the body
Cancer
And abnormal mass of cells that remain at it’s original site in the body
Benign
And abnormal tissue mass that can spread into neighboring tissue and two other parts of the body; a cancerous tumor
Malignant
Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell or a cell that develops into a sperm or egg
Somatic cell
A sex cell; haploid egg or sperm. The union of two _______ of opposite sex produces zygote
Gamete
A chromosome not directly involved in determining the sex of an organism; in mammals for example any chromosome other than X or Y
Autosome
A chromosome that determines whether an individual is male or female
Sex chromosome
The two chromosomes that make up a matched pair in a diploid cell._Are the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern and posses genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One_is inherited from the organisms father, the other from the mother
Homologous chromosomes
In a sexually reproducing organisms, the division of a single diploid nucleus into four haploid daughter nuclei._And cytokinesis produce haploid gamete from the diploid cells in the reproductive organs of the parents
Meiosis
In the lifecycle of an organism that reproduces sexually, a cell containing a single set of chromosomes; an n cell
Haploid
In an organism that reproduces sexually, a cell containing two homologous sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent; a 2n cell
Diploid
The diploid fertilized egg, which results from the union of a sperm cell nucleus and an egg cell nucleus
Zygote
A display of micrographs of the metaphase chromosomes of a cell, arranged by size and centromere position._____ may be used to identify certain chromosomal abnormalities
Karyotype
An accident of meiosis or mitosis in which a pair of Homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister chromatids fail to separate at anaphase
Nondisjunction
The loss of one or more nucleotides from a gene by mutation; the loss of a fragment of a chromosome
Deletion
Repetition of part of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragment from the homologous chromosome; can result from an error in meiosis or from mutagenesis
Duplication
Resulting from reattachment of a chromosome fragment to the original chromosome, but in the reverse direction. Mutagens and errors during meiosis can cause this
Inversion
During protein synthesis, the movement of a tRNA molecule caring a growing polypeptide chain from the A site to the P site on ribosome.
A change in a chromosome resulting from a chromosome or fragment attaching to a non-Homologous chromosome; can occur as a result of an error in meiosis or from mutagenesis
Translocation
