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OTB 502 - Peds > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Why do children with visual impairments often have delayed language?

They focus more on hearing and touch abilities than on language.

It is more difficult for them to be included in conversations because of their poor eye contact.

It is more difficult for them to grasp associations between people and objects.

It is more difficult for them to explore objects and attach names to them.

A

It is more difficult for them to grasp associations between people and objects.

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2
Q

Which statement reflects the interaction of vision on basic infant behaviors such as smiling, vocalizing, and cuddling?

  • Infants who have visual impairments do not respond to caregiver’s responses as easily as do sighted children.
  • Infants with visual impairments engage in fewer facial expressions than sighted infants, but they cuddle similarly.
  • These behaviors depend on vision; infants with vision impairments do not smile, cuddle, or vocalize as often.
  • Vision is not required for these behaviors or for them to perceive the responses.
A

Vision is not required for these behaviors or for them to perceive the responses.

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3
Q

Which of the following professionals are specifically trained to instruct people with blindness/visual impairment in compensatory skills and training including independent living, vocation, and education including reading Braille?

Certified vision rehabilitation therapists
Orientation and mobility specialists

Orientation and mobility specialists

Occupational therapists

Behavioral optometrists

A

Certified vision rehabilitation therapistsOrientation and mobility specialists

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4
Q

What percentage of children with developmental disabilities also have significant ocular disorder or visual impairment?

75%
25%
100%
50%

A

50%

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5
Q

Cody is a 19-month-old child with significant visual impairment participating in an early intervention playgroup. Which of the following developmental play activities would be most beneficial and accessible for Cody in a playgroup?

Participating in a puppet theater
Learning to play an instrument
Listening to a story read by a teacher
Playing in a sand/water table

A

Playing in a sand/water table

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6
Q

Which postural and motor characteristics are often found in children with visual impairments?

Small base of support when standing
Overuse of trunk rotation with movements
Head movements (swaying)
High muscle tone and rigidity

A

Head movements (swaying) ?

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7
Q

What is considered normal visual acuity?

50/50
20/100
30/30
20/20

A

20/20

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8
Q

Which of the following behaviors is not typically observed in an adolescent with visual impairments?

Which of the following behaviors is not typically observed in an adolescent with visual impairments?

Blinking, rubbing, or rolling the eyes

Standing in the personal space of others

Making too much eye contact with the person who is speaking

Rocking the body

A

Making too much eye contact with the person who is speaking

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9
Q

Which of the following early developmental activities is NOT related to vision?

Interacting and communicating with caregivers

Learning about the properties of objects

Suck, swallow, and breathe

Exploring the environment and negotiating space

A

Suck, swallow, and breathe

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10
Q

What did Mindell and DeMarco (1997) find helped blind children sleep better through the night?

  • Rocking infant to sleep
  • Background noise in bedroom
  • Warm milk before bedtime
  • Less parental attention and talking
A

Less parental attention and talking

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11
Q

Why might an infant born at 25 weeks’ gestation be at high risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)?

The eyelids are no longer fused, and a mature visual response emerges.

The visual evoked response is similar to that of a full-term infant.

The visual cortex is fully mature, but the retina may be damaged at birth.

The retina and visual cortex undergo further maturation during the last trimester of pregnancy.

A

The retina and visual cortex undergo further maturation during the last trimester of pregnancy.

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12
Q

Which statement is true regarding children who have visual impairments?

  • They are advanced at performing gross motor skills.
  • Degree of vision loss does not change findings.
  • They demonstrate delayed achievement of crawling and walking.
  • They experience movement in the same way as other children.
A

They demonstrate delayed achievement of crawling and walking.

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13
Q

Which of the following professionals can assess and treat oculomotor of eye alignment difficulties?

  • Orientation and mobility specialists
  • Occupational therapists
  • Certified vision rehabilitation therapists
  • Behavioral optometrists
A

Behavioral optometrists

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14
Q

What is the name of the technique in which the child with visual impairment takes a person’s arm and walks a half step behind?

  • Mobility training
  • Trailing
  • Sighted guide technique
  • Protective techniques
A

Sighted guide technique

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15
Q

Which strategy is least effective and therefore not recommended by therapists to help children with visual impairments play with others?

  • Facilitation through physical, tactile, and verbal cues to keep up with changes in play
  • Use of auditory means to understand the play situation
  • Adult one-on-one intervention during all play scenarios
  • Typical peer partnerships to facilitate play participation
A

-Adult one-on-one intervention during all play scenarios

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16
Q

In 1997, IDEA was reauthorized and amended. Which of the following are now legal mandates?

  • Annual student goals are now prescribed by the law.
  • Schools are responsible for implementing all needed transition-related services.
  • Students with disabilities must participate in district and statewide school accountability efforts.
  • Students receiving special education participate in a combined education program with other disabled students.
A

Students with disabilities must participate in district and statewide school accountability efforts.

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17
Q

Until what age are students eligible for transition services?

  • 22 years
  • 14 years
  • 18 years
  • 16 years
A

22 years

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18
Q

IDEA requires educationally relevant evaluations to be conducted by members of the IEP team. What would the occupational therapist bring to the evaluation process for a 16-year-old student who is eligible for special education and who is a quadriplegic as a result of a spinal cord injury at the age of 9?

  • Needed curriculum modifications
  • A list of interventions that have worked for the student in the past
  • The student’s current level of participation in available education activities
  • Strength and endurance evaluation
A

The student’s current level of participation in available education activities

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19
Q

Special education and services have been made available through the public education system to children and youth who have disabilities since passage of Public Law 94-142 the Education for all Handicapped Children Act of 1975 (EHA), currently known as IDEA. How is occupational therapy described in the EHA and its subsequent amendments?

  • Direct service
  • Transition service
  • Related service
  • Supportive service
A

Related service

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20
Q

James sustained a severe head injury when he was 13. At 18 he is participating in a transition program at his high school. He has applied for a courtesy clerk position at a major grocery store. He has completed an application and an interview. The prospective employer is uncertain about having an employee with a disability. The occupational therapist on the team who knows James and the demands of the job decides to discuss the nature of brain injury and supported employment with the owner. What kind of occupational therapy intervention is this?

  • Direct service
  • Education
  • Consultation
  • Monitoring
A

Education

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21
Q

Cassie is an 18-year-old student with cerebral palsy who participates in a transition program. Before services, the education team completes an evaluation. Team members observe Cassie’s performance during activities in selected environments. Based on careful observation, the activity demands and Cassie’s ability to perform in each environment are noted. What kind of evaluation would you call this?

  • Discrepancy analysis
  • Transition evaluation
  • Outcome assessment
  • Assistive technology assessment
A

Discrepancy analysis

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22
Q

Ian is a 17-year-old with cerebral palsy who uses a manual wheelchair that is pushed by others. He is sociable, and he likes to talk, although it costs him some effort. As the occupational therapist, you carry out an ecological assessment in the domestic domain. You consider it important to note on the assessment form that Ian and his mother communicate quite effectively during meal preparation through the mother’s use of “yes” and “no” type of questions, to which Ian responds. How would you document this observation using an ecological assessment form?

  • As an activity
  • As an interest
  • As performance
  • As a deficit
A

As performance

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23
Q

What does the term related services not include?

  • Counseling
  • Transportation
  • Vocational rehabilitation
  • Recreation
A

Vocational rehabilitation

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24
Q

Which statement is true regarding youth with disabilities (according to National Longitudinal Transition Study 2) and postsecondary education?

A

They may not consider themselves disabled by the time they enter postsecondary settings.

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25
Q

There are many benefits associated with interagency linkages during the transition process for students with disabilities. Which of the following is true of interagency linkages?

  • Interagency linkages have not yet become a part of the law.
  • Schools direct and control transition services and receive cooperation from other agencies.
  • Interagency linkages can include shared financial responsibility for a student’s transition services.
  • It is mandatory to state the interagency responsibilities and commitments in the IEP.
A

Interagency linkages can include shared financial responsibility for a student’s transition services.

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26
Q

Occupational therapists help to uphold the intent of IDEA. Which of the following represents optimal practice that is consistent with IDEA’s intent?

1) Occupational therapy evaluation identifies a student’s transition-related deficits.
2) Occupational therapists collaborate with special education teachers only.
3) Occupational therapists support special education students as they work to meet all general curriculum standards.
4) Occupational therapists enable students with and without disabilities to be educated together.

A

4)Occupational therapists enable students with and without disabilities to be educated together.

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27
Q

In what way did the 1997 amendments affect school-based occupational therapy services?

  • General education teachers are now the teachers of all children.
  • Special educators are no longer needed.
  • Students with disabilities participate in the special education curriculum only.
  • Special education students spend all of their school time attending general classes.
A

General education teachers are now the teachers of all children.

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28
Q

Difficulties with eating, sleeping, playing, repetitive or difficult behaviors, and paying attention may all be caused in part because of which of the following?

  • Imitation deficits
    • Lack of motivation for mastery
  • Cognitive delays
  • Sensory processing challenges
A

Sensory processing challenges

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29
Q

Occupational therapists always use standardized assessments with children with ASD.

True
False

A

False

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30
Q

Primary occupational performance deficits include:

  • Difficulties with play
  • Delayed development of ADLs
  • All of the above
  • Limited social participation
A

All of the above

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31
Q

One of the most commonly used interventions for children with ASD, widely accepted as being evidenced based, is applied behavioral analysis.
True
False

A

True

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32
Q

Principles of family centered care consist of:

  • Goal-based intervention
  • Expert communication
  • Interdisciplinary teaming
  • Collaboration and family choice
A
  • Collaboration and family choice
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33
Q

Why is it important to share information with the family about why you are asking certain things as you evaluate the child?

  • It helps them to understand the role of occupational therapy.
  • It communicates your level of expertise to the family.
  • It allows them to understand your point of view.
  • It establishes your goals with the family up front.
A
  • It helps them to understand the role of occupational therapy.
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34
Q

Which of the following is a key new feature of the diagnosis of ASD according to the DSM V?

  • Delayed motor development
  • Repetitive behaviors
  • Social isolation
  • Unusual responses to sensation
A

Unusual responses to sensation

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35
Q

Social stories are written to generate __ about an event through __, rather than specifically alter behavior.

  • Conversation, questioning
  • Compliance, rules
  • Understanding, description
  • Fear, depiction
A

Understanding, description

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36
Q

Which of the following adaptations may allow a child with ASD to perform better during evaluation with standardized assessment?

  • Requiring eye contact with the examiner
  • Allowing the parent to help the child with items
  • Alternating order of preferred and non-preferred items
  • Moving quickly through the assessment without breaks
A

-Alternating order of preferred and non-preferred items

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37
Q

Which of the following supports might an occupational therapist suggest for a young child struggling with transitions from the classroom to the lunchroom at school?

  • A reward with preferred food upon entering the lunchroom successfully
  • A favorite toy to carry to the lunchroom
  • A visual or picture schedule on the desk and reminders of upcoming transition time
  • A peer buddy to encourage and walk with the child to lunch
  • All of the above
A

All of the above

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38
Q

Which of the following is a common issue experienced by families of children with ASD?

  • Financial limitations
  • Difficulty obtaining early diagnosis
  • All of the above
  • Difficulty accessing needed services
  • Social isolation
A

All of the above

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39
Q

Primary occupational performance deficits include:

  • All of the above
  • Difficulties with play
  • Delayed development of ADLs
  • Limited social participation
A

-All of the above

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40
Q

An important issue to make sure to specifically ask families about when evaluating a child with autism includes:

  • The child’s language ability
  • Safety and escapism
  • The child’s IQ
  • Nutrition and dietary needs
A

-Safety and escapism

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41
Q

For a child with sensory defensiveness and limited diet, which of the following foods might be best tolerated because of its sensory properties?

  • Raisins
  • Soup with noodles
  • Mashed potatoes
  • Yogurt with little pieces of different kinds of fruit in it
A

Raisins

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42
Q

Positive reinforcement:

  • Is the removal of something unpleasant
  • Makes the behavior more likely to occur
  • Is minimally effective in changing behavior
  • Occurs in some settings or situations and not others
A

-Makes the behavior more likely to occur

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43
Q

The CO-OP approach stresses:

  • Imitation and non-verbal communication
  • Mastering specific skills that have been chosen by the child
  • Limited use of problem-solving skills
  • Use of limited feedback during performance
A

Mastering specific skills that have been chosen by the child

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44
Q

Which statement best reflects why children with cerebral palsy may have speech and language problems?

  • Lesions affecting frontal lobe
  • Lesions affecting primary motor and temporal lobe
  • Hemiplegia affecting one side of the body
  • Low intelligence owing to cerebral palsy
A

-Lesions affecting primary motor and temporal lobe

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45
Q

Which type of medical intervention (medication) is used to reduce spasticity through an injection directly into the muscle?

  • Ativan
  • Botox
  • Phenol
  • Baclofen
A

Botox

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46
Q

Which postural reflex realigns the head with the body?

  • Equilibrium
  • Righting
  • Protective extension
  • Primitive reflexes
A

-Righting

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47
Q

What is not considered an essential feature of constraint induced movement therapy for children with cerebral palsy?

  • Unaffected extremity is constrained
  • Three children per group
  • Shaping of more complex motor acts
  • Intensive, repetitive practice
A

-Three children per group

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48
Q

Which of the following is a common compensatory strategy used by children with cerebral palsy while reaching and grasping?

  • Wrist extension with forearm supination
  • Use of isolated finger and hand movement (fingers move while forearm remains still)
  • Shoulder external rotation with shoulder adduction, elbow flexion, and forearm supination
  • Excessive trunk movements including trunk extension and lateral flexion
A

-Excessive trunk movements including trunk extension and lateral flexion

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49
Q

What type of movement would you expect to see upon observation of a 4-year-old girl with athetoid type cerebral palsy (CP)?

  • Movement only to midranges
  • Large sudden fluctuations, “jerky” movements with poor midrange control
  • Very hypertonic, high risk for contractures
  • Intention tremors, trouble with stabilizing proximal joints, significant balance issues
A

-Large sudden fluctuations, “jerky” movements with poor midrange control

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50
Q

Which statement is true regarding the incidence of cerebral palsy?

  • 1 in 2000 births
  • 1 in 500 births
  • 2 in 100 births
  • Rare and infrequent
A

1 in 500 births

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51
Q

Which approach has the most evidence to support its use in occupational therapy for children with cerebral palsy?

  • Motor control
  • Biomechanical
  • Neurosensorimotor reflex integ
  • Neurodevelopmental treatment
A

Motor control

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52
Q

How do serial static splints lengthen tissues and correct deformity?

  • Application of gentle forces sustained for extended periods of time
  • Facilitates muscle contractions for improved movement
  • Improves postural tone to allow for increased ROM
  • Shortens antagonistic muscle groups
A

-Application of gentle forces sustained for extended periods of time

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53
Q

What is a common scale used to determine the level of functional hand use in a child diagnosed with cerebral palsy?

  • The Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS)
  • The Canadian Occupational Therapy Performance Measure
  • The Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2
  • Manual Ability Classification System (MACS)
A

-Manual Ability Classification System (MACS)

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54
Q

What is not a cause of cerebral palsy in children?

  • Low birth weight
  • Prenatal maternal infection
  • Multiple pregnancies
  • Socioeconomic status
A

Socioeconomic status

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55
Q

Which of the following is considered a secondary impairment in children diagnosed with cerebral palsy?

  • Possible seizure disorder
  • Spasticity
  • Joint contracture
  • Weakness of eye muscles
A

-Joint contracture

56
Q

Which type of movement disorder and distribution is most prevalent?

  • Spastic; Quadriplegic, all four extremities
  • Spastic; Hemiplegic, one side arm > leg
  • Dyskinetic; Quadriplegic, all four extremities
  • Spastic; Diplegic, legs > arms
A

-Spastic; Diplegic, legs > arms

57
Q

According to the medical record, Jenny had damage to her primary motor cortex during birth trauma. She has been receiving OT, PT, and SLP since birth. The therapist observed the following during the initial evaluation: Abnormal movements and atypical reflexes present (ie. ATNR) Hypertonicity in her arms with spasticity greater in her right bicep, wrist flexors, and thumb adductor Hypertonicity in her legs with spasticity greater in hip adductors, hamstrings, and gastroc/soleus Delayed or absent righting and equilibrium responses. Which type of cerebral palsy does Jenny have?

  • Athetoid
  • Ataxic
  • Mixed
  • Spastic
A
  • Spastic
58
Q

What type of intervention approach is being used when the therapist recommends a zipper pull to allow a child with cerebral palsy to put on his own coat?

  • Neurodevelopmental
  • Adaptive
  • Biomechanical
  • Motor control
A

-Adaptive

59
Q

Which guiding principle of pediatric hand therapy involves developing new skills through active experimentation, experience, and repetitive practice?

Age-appropriate tasks
Use of purposeful, functional activities
Feedback to promote generalization
Active learning

A

Active learning

60
Q 
Which is the most appropriate pain scale to use with a 3.5 year old?
  Numerical Rating Scale 
  Faces Pain Scale – Revised 
  Oucher 
  Visual Analog Scale
A

Oucher

61
Q 
When assessing skin integrity, which is not considered by a hand therapist?
  Texture 
  Range of motion 
  Quality 
  Temperature 
  Color
A

Range of motion

62
Q

Which superficial thermal agent modality delivers cold by applying ice in a continuous pattern of movement directly over a specific region of the upper extremity?

  Fluidotherapy 
  Paraffin bath 
  Ice massage 
  Moist heat 
  Ice packs
A

Ice massage

63
Q

Which strategy involves adapting an activity in order to increase independence?

Activity modification
Joint protection strategies
Energy conservation techniques

A

Activity modification

64
Q

When measuring with a Semmes Weinstein grade of monofilament, when it is appropriate to begin sensory reeducation?

  1. 56
  2. 83
  3. 61
  4. 31
  5. 65
A

6.65

65
Q

Which congenital anomaly classification is described as the specific upper limb anatomy does not develop entirely or is entirely absent?

  Undergrowth 
  Duplication 
  Overgrowth 
  Generalized skeletal abnormalities 
  Failure of differentiation 
  Failure of formation 
  Congenital construction band syndrome
A

Failure of formation

66
Q 
Which congenital anomaly classification manifests as macrodactyly?
  Undergrowth 
  Overgrowth 
  Duplication 
  Generalized skeletal abnormalities
A

Overgrowth

67
Q

Which option describes a Level 5 on the Manual Ability Classification System Levels?

Handles objects easily and successfully

Handles most objects, but with somewhat reduced quality and/or speed of achievement

Handles a limited selection of easily managed objects in adaptive situations.

Handles objects with difficulty.

Does not handle objects and has severely limited ability to perform even simple actions.

A

Does not handle objects and has severely limited ability to perform even simple actions.

68
Q

What is the result of a shoulder traction injury at the time of injury?

Ehlers Danlos syndrome
Scleroderma
Brachial plexus birth palsy
Upper extremity fracture

A

Brachial plexus birth palsy

69
Q

What is the most important piece of information to guide an occupational therapist’s plan of care in pediatric hand therapy?

Range of motion scores

Diagnosis-specific protocols

The concerns of child and family

Developmental history

A

The concerns of child and family

70
Q

Which guiding principle of pediatric hand therapy suggests practicing in a variety of environments helps develop flexible strategies?

Motivation

Practice in a variety of contexts

Compensatory and/or adaptive strategies considering person, environment, and occupation

A

Practice in a variety of contexts

71
Q

Which superficial thermal agent modality delivers a dry heat medium similar to a whirpool?

Moist heat

Ice packs

Fluidotherapy

Ice massage

Paraffin bath

A

Fluidotherapy

72
Q

Which strategy involves reducing strain on a joint to prevent pain?

Activity modification

Energy conservation techniques

Joint protection strategies

A

Joint protection strategies

73
Q

What has been reported as a way to decrease pain and restore function in individuals with complex regional pain syndrome?

Isometric exercises

Daily passive range of motion

Mirror therapy

Splinting

A

Mirror therapy

74
Q

Which congenital anomaly classification involves specific structures in the hand being duplicated?

Failure of formation

Overgrowth

Generalized skeletal abnormalities

Duplication

A

Duplication

75
Q

Which congenital anomaly classification manifests as radial longitudinal deficiencies?

Undergrowth

Failure of formation

Generalized skeletal abnormalities

Failure of differentiation

A

Failure of formation

76
Q

Which option describes a Level 4 on the Manual Ability Classification System Levels?

Handles most objects, but with somewhat reduced quality and/or speed of achievement

Does not handle objects and has severely limited ability to perform even simple actions.

Handles objects easily and successfully

Handles a limited selection of easily managed objects in adaptive situations.

Handles most objects, but with somewhat reduced quality and/or speed of achievement

A

Handles a limited selection of easily managed objects in adaptive situations.

77
Q

What is characterized by pain, specifically allodynia and hyperalgesia?

Brachial plexus birth palsy

Complex regional pain syndrome

Ehlers Danlos syndrome

Scleroderma

A

Complex regional pain syndrome

78
Q

Which guiding principle of pediatric hand therapy encourages therapists to consider the child’s values and roles while creating a plan of care?

Motivation

Compensatory and/or adaptive strategies considering person, environment, and occupation

Practice in a variety of contexts

A

Motivation

79
Q

Which is not a potential limitation of passive ROM?

Joint tightness

Muscle weakness

Scar adhesions

Tendon tightness

A

Muscle weakness

80
Q

Which assessment is not a patient-reported outcome measure?

Quick DASH

Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH)

Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL)

Box and Blocks

A

Box and Blocks

81
Q

Which electrotherapeutic physical agent modality may train a muscle or muscle group to perform a specific movement?

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

A

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)

82
Q

Which congenital anomaly classification is characterized by a disruption in the development of the digits, metacarpal, carpals, digital or interdigital spaces?

Failure of formation

Failure of differentiation

Duplication

Undergrowth

A

Failure of differentiation

83
Q

Which option describes a Level 1 on the Manual Ability Classification System Levels?

Handles objects easily and successfully

Handles most objects, but with somewhat reduced quality and/or speed of achievement

Handles a limited selection of easily managed objects in adaptive situations.

Does not handle objects and has severely limited ability to perform even simple actions.

Handles objects with difficulty.

A

Handles objects easily and successfully

84
Q

What is a genetic condition characterized by a collagen deficiency causing increased soft tissue elasticity and global join hypermobility?

Brachial plexus birth palsy

Ehlers Danlos syndrome

Scleroderma

A

Ehlers Danlos syndrome

85
Q

Which congenital anomaly classification manifests as a supernumerary digit on ulnar side of the hand?

Failure of differentiation
Undergrowth
Duplication
Overgrowth

A

Duplication

86
Q

Which guiding principle of pediatric hand therapy provides feedback to support the child eventually engaging in self-evaluation?

Feedback to promote generalization

Age-appropriate tasks

Use of purposeful, functional activities

Active learning

A

Feedback to promote generalization

87
Q

What is the preferred method of measuring edema on the dorsum of a hand?

Figure-of-eight method

Disk-Criminator

Volumeter

Wrinkle Test

A

Figure-of-eight method

88
Q

Which superficial thermal agent modality delivers heat through the application of hot packs and multiple layers of toweling placed on a specific region of the upper extremity?

Moist heat

Fluidotherapy

Ice packs

Ice massage

Paraffin bath

A

Moist heat

89
Q

A common protocol for treating children with flexor tendon repairs involves initiating AROM immediately.

True

False

A

False

90
Q

Which congenital anomaly classification occurs when there is an underdeveloped hand or absent digits?

Duplication

Failure of differentiation

Generalized skeletal abnormalities

Undergrowth

A

Undergrowth

91
Q

Which congenital anomaly classification manifests as brachydactyly?

Duplication

Congenital construction band syndrome

Overgrowth

Undergrowth

A

Undergrowth

92
Q

Which congenital anomaly classification is described by conditions in which defects of the upper extremity accompany multiple skeletal variations?

Congenital construction band syndrome

Duplication

Generalized skeletal abnormalities

Failure of formation

A

Generalized skeletal abnormalities

93
Q

What is the most effective occupational therapy pain management strategies for cases of upper extremity trauma?

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)

Pain modification

Gradual progression of therapeutic activities

A

Gradual progression of therapeutic activities

94
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis if a child describes sharp, shooting pain in an upper extremity during activity?

Fracture

Arthritis

Tendonitis

A

Tendonitis

95
Q

Which guiding principle of pediatric hand therapy encourages therapists to consider the contexts, activity demands, and performance patterns when making recommendations?

Motivation

Practice in a variety of contexts

Compensatory and/or adaptive strategies considering person, environment, and occupation

A

Compensatory and/or adaptive strategies considering person, environment, and occupation

96
Q

Which option describes a Level 3 on the Manual Ability Classification System Levels?

Handles objects with difficulty.

Handles most objects, but with somewhat reduced quality and/or speed of achievement

Handles objects easily and successfully

Handles a limited selection of easily managed objects in adaptive situations.

Does not handle objects and has severely limited ability to perform even simple actions.

A

Handles objects with difficulty.

97
Q

Which congenital anomaly classification manifests as Marfan’s syndrome?

Congenital construction band syndrome

Generalized skeletal abnormalities

Undergrowth

Overgrowth

A

Generalized skeletal abnormalities

98
Q

Which congenital anomaly classification involves enlargement on the skeletal a soft tissue structures that occurs in the digits?

Failure of differentiation

Congenital construction band syndrome

Undergrowth

Overgrowth

A

Overgrowth

99
Q

A child with congenital hand differences should have no difference in fine motor, bilateral coordination, and/or functional abilities as a typically developing child.

True
False

A

False

100
Q

Which option describes a Level 5 on the Manual Ability Classification System Levels?

Handles objects easily and successfully
Handles most objects, but with somewhat reduced quality and/or speed of achievement
Does not handle objects and has severely limited ability to perform even simple actions.
Handles a limited selection of easily managed objects in adaptive situations.
Handles objects with difficulty.

A

Does not handle objects and has severely limited ability to perform even simple actions.

101
Q

What can be used to facilitate or inhibit specific muscles or muscle groups to decrease pain, improve ROM, enhance muscle activation, and/or relax specific muscles?

Serial casting
Static progressive splinting
Kinesiology tape

A

Kinesiology tape

102
Q

Which guiding principle of pediatric hand therapy involves selecting task and environmental demands appropriate to the child’s developmental levels across domains?

Feedback to promote generalization

Active learning

Age-appropriate tasks

Use of purposeful, functional activities

A

Age-appropriate tasks

103
Q

Which congenital anomaly classification manifests as clinodactyly?

Failure of differentiation

Overgrowth

Failure of formation

Undergrowth

A

Failure of differentiation

104
Q

What is the simplest approach to effective scar management?
Pressure
Surgery
Abrasion

A

Pressure

105
Q 
What refers to a dangerous physiological response to noxious stimuli below the level of the SCI that causes symptoms such as increased blood pressure?
  Heterotopic ossification 
  Hemophilia 
  Schistosoma 
  Autonomic dysreflexia
A

Autonomic dysreflexia

106
Q

A client has had a loss of consciousness for less than 30 minutes and a Glasgow Coma Scale score between 13-15, and post-traumatic amnesia that lasts less than 24 hours. How would you classify their traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
Mild
Moderate
Severe

A

Mild

107
Q 
Emily got a sun burn after a long day at the beach.  The burn was superficial, causing pain, redness, and itching.  She healed within a few days.  What degree was her burn?
  Third 
  First 
  Deep second 
  Second
A

First

108
Q 
Select the Rancho Level that corresponds with the typical behavior: may follow some basic commands.
  Level II 
  Level III 
  Level I 
  Level IV
A

Level III

109
Q 
Select the Rancho Level that corresponds with the typical behavior: compensates for deficits and independently completes daily tasks.
  Level VIII 
  Level VI 
  Level VII 
  Level V
A

Level VIII

110
Q

The grief process is static and linear.
True
False

A

False

111
Q

Which congenital anomaly classification occurs when an amniotic band wraps around the upper limb resulting in varying levels of limb abnormality distal to the level of the band?

  • Generalized skeletal abnormalities
  • Congenital construction band syndrome
  • Overgrowth
  • Failure of formation
A

Congenital construction band syndrome

112
Q 
Which age group is the least likely to sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
  25-40 
  65+ 
  0-4 
  15-19
A

25-40

113
Q

A client has had a loss of consciousness for more than 24 hours, and a Glasgow Coma Scale score between 3-8, and possible observable findings in various scans. How would you classify their traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
Mild
Severe
Moderate

A

Severe

114
Q 
What is the most common cause of pediatric burns?
  Flame 
  Electrical or chemical interactions 
  Kitchen or bathroom scalds 
  Contact with hot objects/tools
A

Kitchen or bathroom scalds

115
Q 
Select the Rancho Level that corresponds with the typical behavior: may follow some basic commands.
  Level II 
  Level IV 
  Level III 
  Level I
A

Level III

116
Q 
Select the Rancho Level that corresponds with the typical behavior: follows daily routines with supervision or minimal verbal cues.
  Level VI 
  Level VII 
  Level VIII 
  Level V
A

Level VI

117
Q

A client has had a loss of consciousness for less than 30 minutes and a Glasgow Coma Scale score between 9-12, and possible observable findings in various scans. How would you classify their traumatic brain injury (TBI)?
Severe
Moderate
Mild

A

Moderate

118
Q 
Select the Rancho Level that corresponds with the typical behavior: demonstrates generalized body response to external stimulation.
  Level IV 
  Level II 
  Level I 
  Level III
A

Level II

119
Q 
What type of spinal cord injury is most likely in younger children
  C1-3 
  C5-6 
  T6 
  T1-5
A

C1-3

120
Q

Boys and girls are equally likely to experience a pediatric spinal cord injury.
True
False

A

False

121
Q

Eric’s hand was burned in a small fire. The burn went down to the deeper reticular region and was relatively painless, white, and leathery. Eric’s burn took 4 weeks to heal and required scar massage, passive range of motion (PROM), and splinting by an OT. What degree is his burn?

Deep second
Second
First
Third

A

Deep second

122
Q 
Select the Rancho Level that corresponds with the typical behavior: needs step-by-step instruction for completion of self-care skills.
  Level VII 
  Level V 
  Level VIII 
  Level VI
A

Level V

123
Q 
What refers to a dangerous physiological response to noxious stimuli below the level of the SCI that causes symptoms such as increased blood pressure?
  Hemophilia 
  Schistosoma 
  Autonomic dysreflexia 
  Heterotopic ossification
A

Autonomic dysreflexia

124
Q

At a Fourth of July party, Michael handled a firework that exploded in his hands. His burn went to the bone, and appeared black and charred. Michael’s recovery will need grafting and post-operative splinting. What degree is his burn?

First
Second
Deep second
Third

A

Third

125
Q

Select the Rancho Level that corresponds with the typical behavior: demonstrates inflexibility with thought processes and actions.

Level VIII

Level VII

Level V

Level VI

A

Level VII

126
Q

Select the Rancho Level that corresponds with the typical behavior: demonstrates confusion and agitation.

Level II

Level I

Level IV

Level III

A

Level IV

127
Q

What is an example of a traumatic brain injury?

Meningitis

Anoxia

Stroke

Sports-related injuries

A

Sports-related injuries

128
Q

Jonathan is a 15-year-old who sustained traumatic brain injury at the age of 5. He now has significant limitations when completing written classroom assignments. What should the education team do to help him?
Develop discipline-specific goals.

Identify appropriate transition goals.

Excuse Jonathan from written work.

Introduce Jonathan to the special education teacher.

A

Identify appropriate transition goals.

129
Q

What is the preferred method of measuring edema if it is more diffuse?
Wrinkle Test

Figure-of-eight method

Disk-Criminator

Volumeter

A

Volumeter

130
Q

Which electrotherapeutic physical agent modality is typically used to manage pain?
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)

A

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

131
Q

Which guiding principle of pediatric hand therapy suggests learning is improved when the child is performing a purposeful, functional activity?
Feedback to promote generalization

Age-appropriate tasks

Active learning

Use of purposeful, functional activities

A

Use of purposeful, functional activities

132
Q

During an active flare up of a rheumatic condition, which type of activity is NOT appropriate?
AROM
Stretching joints
Managing pain

A

Stretching joints

133
Q

Unstructured observation of the child while engaged in age-appropriate play and meaningful activities is not appropriate to include in the assessment process.
True
False

A

False

134
Q

Which guiding principle of pediatric hand therapy provides feedback to support the child eventually engaging in self-evaluation?

Active learning

Age-appropriate tasks

Use of purposeful, functional activities

Feedback to promote generalization

A

Feedback to promote generalization

135
Q 
Which is not a potential limitation of passive ROM?
  Joint tightness 
  Scar adhesions 
  Tendon tightness 
  Muscle weakness
A

Muscle weakness

OTB 502 - Peds (8 decks)

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