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A&P 2 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Male Primary sex organ

A

testes

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2
Q

female primary sex organ

A

ovaries

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3
Q

male secondary sex organs

A

ducts, glands, and penis

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4
Q

female secondary sex organ

A

uterine tubes, uterus, vagina

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5
Q

3 main scrotal mechanisms for temp regulation

A

cremaster muscle
dartos muscle
pampiniform plexus

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6
Q

blood-testis barrier

A

tight junction, separates sperm from immune system

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7
Q

spermatic ducts

A

efferent ductules
duct of epididymis
ductus deferenes
ejaculatory duct

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8
Q

3 glands in male system

A

seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands

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9
Q

spermatogenesis

A

process of making sperm

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10
Q

spermiogenesis

A

transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa

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11
Q

purpose of female system

A

produce & delivers gametes

provides nutrition & shelter for fetus

gives birth

nourishes infant

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12
Q

layers of uterus

A

perimetrium (outer)
myometrium (middle)
Endometrium (inner)

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13
Q

layers of endometrium

A

stratum functionalism

stratum basalis

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14
Q

3 stages of female puberty

A

thelarche (breast development)

pubarche (pubic hair)

menarche ( menstrual period)

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15
Q

climacteric

A

midlife change in hormone secretion

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16
Q

menopause

A

cessation of menstrual cycle

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17
Q

reproductive cycle

A

fertilization—birth—-fertility

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18
Q

sexual cycle

A

monthly events w/o pregnancy

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19
Q

ovarian cycle

A

3 stages that develop follicles

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20
Q

menstrual cycle

A

buildup of endometrium followed by breakdown and discharge

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21
Q

hierarchy of hormonal control during sexual cycle

A

hypothalamus— pituitary— ovaries—- uterus

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22
Q

3 stages of ovarian cycle

A

follicles phase

ovulation

luteal phase

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23
Q

4 stages of menstrual cycle

A

proliferative

secretory

premenstrual

menstrual

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24
Q

conceptus

A

all products of conception

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25
Q

terms of unborn child

A

blastocyst
embryo
fetus
neonate

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26
Q

pregnancy hormones

A

estrogen

progesterone

human chorionic gonadotopin

human chorionic

somatommotropin

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27
Q

stages of labor

A

dilation
expulsion
placental stage

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28
Q

colostrum

A

first breast milk, less fat and has igA

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29
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

implantation outside of the uterus

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30
Q

gestational diabetes

A

diabetes that develop w/ pregnancy

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31
Q

preeclampsia

A

gestational hypertensions

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32
Q

spontaneous abortion

A

miscarriage

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33
Q

embryology

A

study of prenatal

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34
Q

developmental biology

A

study of entire life cycle

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35
Q

sperm migration

A

sperm travel distal 1/3 of uterine tube

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36
Q

capacitations

A

sperm penetrate egg

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37
Q

fertilization

A

sperm gives DNA to egg

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38
Q

first trimester

A

most vulnerable

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39
Q

second trimester

A

organs complete development

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40
Q

third trimester

A

fetus grows rapidly

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41
Q

pre embryonic stage

A

first 16 days of development

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42
Q

cleavage

A

mitotic division

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43
Q

implantation

A

attaches to uterine wall

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44
Q

embryogenesis

A

arrangement into 3 primary germ layer

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45
Q

ectoderm

A

epidermis, nervous system, eye, ear

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46
Q

mesoderm

A

skeleton, muscle, cartilage, blood, lymphoid tissue, gonads, kidneys

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47
Q

endoderm

A

gut, respiratory, urinary system

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48
Q

amnion

A

transparent sac, penetrated only by umbilical cord

49
Q

yolk sac

A

small sac, becomes GI tract, blood cells

50
Q

allantois

A

foundation of umbilical cord

51
Q

chorion

A

outermost membrane, made of chorionic villi & smooth chorion

52
Q

uterine milk

A

secretion of uterine tubes

53
Q

trophoblast ic nutrition

A

conceptus consumes endometrium cells

54
Q

placenta

A

nutrient diffuse mother fetus

55
Q

placenta function

A 
nutritional 
excretory 
respiratory 
endocrine 
immune
56
Q

teratogen

A

drugs & chemicals

infectious disease

radiation

57
Q

disjunction

A

normal chromosome seperation

58
Q

Nondisjunction

A

pairs chromosomes fails to separate

59
Q

aneuploidy

A

extra or lack of chromosome

60
Q

monosomy

A

lack of chromosome

61
Q

trisomy

A

extra chromosome, triple set

62
Q

triplo-X syndrome

A

XXX, infertile female w/ mild intellectual impairment

63
Q

klinefelter syndrome

A

XXY, sterile male w/ average intelligence

64
Q

turner syndrome

A

XO, webbed neck, failure to develop sexual characteristics, sterile

65
Q

patau syndrome

A

trisomy-13, severely deformed

66
Q

edward syndrome

A

trisomy-18, severely deformed

67
Q

down syndrome

A

trisomy-21, most survivable

68
Q

aging

A

all changes of time

69
Q

senesscene

A

degeneration

70
Q

intrinsic aging

A

normal change over time

71
Q

photo aging

A

degeneration in proportion to UV exposure

72
Q

life expectancy

A

average length of life in a given population

73
Q

life span

A

maximum age

74
Q

3 major portion of brain

A

cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem

75
Q

gray matter

A

outside, thinking

76
Q

white matter

A

inside, “railroad tracts”

77
Q

meniges

A

Dura (outer)
Arachnoid (middle)
Pia (inner)

78
Q

CSF

A

clear, colorless liquid that bathes

79
Q

3 function of CSF

A

buoyancy
protection
chemical stability

80
Q

reticular formation

A

gray matter

81
Q

characteristics of cerebellum

A

2nd largest part
1/2 neurons
R&L hemisphere

82
Q

functions of reticular formation (5)

A

somatic motor control

cardiovascular control

pain modulation

sleep & consciousness

habituation

83
Q

4 types of brain waves

A

alpha (daydream)
beta (awake)
theta (light sleep)
delta (deep sleep)

84
Q

visceral reflexes

A

unconscious, automatic, stereotyped responses to stimulation

85
Q

viceral arc pathway

A

receptors> afferent neurons> interneurons> efferent neurons> effectors

86
Q

sympathetic characteristics

A

short pre, long post (1: multi)

targets large areas

87
Q

parasympathetic characteristics

A

long pre, short post

selective

no chain

88
Q

4 nerves of parasympathetic

A

oculomotor (III)(eye)

facial (VII) facial secretion

glossopharyngeal (IX) salivation

vagus (X) rest of body

89
Q

4 areas of CNS that control ANS

A 
cerebral cortex 
hypothalamus 
midbrain,pons, medulla
oblongata 
spinal cord
90
Q

enteric nervous system

A

nervous system of digestive tract

does not arise from brain or spinal cord

regulates motility of esophagus

91
Q

sense organ

A

nervous tissue & another tissue that respond to stimulus

enhances response

92
Q

transduction

A

conversion of on energy to another

93
Q

receptor potential

A

small local
electrical charge
change to CNS

94
Q

somatic pain

A

pain from skin

95
Q

visceral pain

A

pain from organs

96
Q

sensation

A

subjective awareness

97
Q

salty

A

metal ion- sodium potassium

98
Q

sweet

A

organic compounds- sugars associated with carbs and high caloric foods

99
Q

sour

A

associated with acids, citrus fruits

100
Q

umani

A

“meaty”- amino acids

savory

101
Q

bitter

A

associated w/ spoiled foods & alkaloids

nicotine, caffeine, morphine, rejected food

102
Q

hearing

A

a response

103
Q

equilibrium

A

sense of motion, orientation & balance

104
Q

sound

A

any audible vibration

105
Q

pitch

A

high or low, determined by frequency

106
Q

loudness

A

perception, intensity

107
Q

conductive deafness

A

problem with transmission

108
Q

otosclerosis

A

fusion of ossicles

109
Q

sensorineur al deafness

A

death or hair cells or any nervous element

110
Q

2 types of acceleration

A

linear- straight line

angular- rotation

111
Q

2 types of equilibrium

A

static- perception of head

dynamic- perception of motion

112
Q

optical components

A

cornea
aqueous humor
lens
vitreous body

113
Q

3 tunics of eye

A

outer- sclera, cornea

middle- choroid, ciliary body, iris

inner- retina, optics nerve

114
Q

rods

A

night vision

115
Q

cones

A

day vision

116
Q

neural components of eye

A

retina, optic nerve

117
Q

type II diabetes

A

most common

insulin resistance

118
Q

type I diabetes

A

less common

lack of insulin

119
Q

3 polys of diabetes

A

polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia

A&P 2 (13 decks)

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