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A&P 2 > Exam One > Flashcards

Exam One Flashcards

1
Q

Rostral

A

front and top

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2
Q

Caudal

A

back and bottom

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3
Q

3 major parts of the brain

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem

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4
Q

Gyri

A

thick folds of brain

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5
Q

Sulci

A

shallow groves of brain

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6
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

divides brain into hemispheres

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7
Q

corpus callosum

A

thick bundle of never fibers that connect brain hemispheres

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8
Q

Grey Matter (location&function)

A

outside layer

forms surface layer over cerebrum and cerebellum and nuclei deep in brain

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9
Q

White matter (location&function)

A

deep to grey matter(inside)

sends signals

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10
Q

3 primary vesicles

A

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

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11
Q

forebrain into..

A

cerebral hemispheres

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12
Q

midbrain into…

A

stays midbrain

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13
Q

hindbrain into

A

pons and cerebellum

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14
Q

3 meninges and location

A

Dura Mater-pressed against cranial bone

Arachnoid- over brain surface

Pia mater- follows contours of brain

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15
Q

location of 4 internal chambers

A

2 lateral in each hemisphere
3rd beneath corpus callosum
4th between pons and cerebellum

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16
Q

Choroid plexus

A

spongy mass of blood capillaries on the floor of each ventricle

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17
Q

Functions of CSF

A

Buoyancy
Protection
Chemical Stability

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18
Q

Blood-Brain Barrier

A

regulates what substances can get from the bloodstream into the tissue fluid

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19
Q

BBB is highly permeable to…

A

H20, glucose,O2,CO2,alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, and anesthetics

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20
Q

4 regions of brainstem

LABLE

A

diencephalon
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

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21
Q

Reticular Formation

A

web of gray matter that runs vertically through all levels of the brain stem

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22
Q

5 Functions of Reticular Formation

A 
Somatic Motor control
Cardiovascular Control
Pain modulation 
Sleep and consciousness
Habituation
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23
Q

Cranial Nerves associated with Medulla Oblongata

A

IX,X,XI,XII

9,10,11,12

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24
Q

Cranial Nerves associated with Pons

A

V,VI,VII,VIII

5,6,7,8

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25
Q

Cerebellum

A

largest of hindbrain
left and right hemisphere
half+ brains neurons

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26
Q

Functions of cerebellum

A

muscle contractions and coordination
Evaluation of sensory input
timekeeping center
hearing

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27
Q

3 Cerebellar Peduncles and where they connect

A

Inferior: medulla Oblongata
Middle: pons
Superior: midbrain

28
Q

Cranial Nerves connected to the Midbrain

A

III,IV

3,4

29
Q

3 parts of the Diencephalon

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus

30
Q

Thalamus

A

4/5 of entire diencephalon

gateway to cerebral cortex

31
Q

Functions of Thalamus

A

motor control
memory
emotional functions

32
Q

gland associated with Hypothalamus

A

pituitary gland

33
Q

Functions of Hypothalamus

A 
Hormone Secretion 
Autonomic Effects 
Thermoregulation
food and water intake 
sleep 
memory 
emotional behavior
34
Q

glands and functions of Epithalamus

A

pineal gland

produce melatonin

35
Q

list lobes of the brain

LABLE

A 
frontal
parietal 
occipital
temporal
insula
36
Q

Projection tracts

A

extends vertically

carry information between cerebrum and body

37
Q

Commissural tracts

A

cross between hemispheres

communication between 2 sides

38
Q

Association tracts

A

connect different regions of the same hemisphere

39
Q

3 spots of Neural Integration

A

Cerebral cortex
Basal Nuclei
Limbic System

40
Q

Alpha

A

awake and resting

41
Q

beta

A

eyes open and preforming mental tasks

42
Q

Theta

A

drowsy
found in children
emotional stress

43
Q

Delta

A

deep sleep

44
Q

Sleep

A

temporary state of unconsciousness from which one can be awaken when stimulated

45
Q

Restorative Effects of sleep

A

brain glycogen and ATP levels increase in non-REM sleep

Memories strengthen in REM sleep

46
Q

Amnesia

A

defects in declarative memory : inability to describe past events

47
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

unable to store new information

48
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

cannot recall things known before injury

49
Q

Difference between Wernicke and Broca

A

Wernicke is understand the information Broca is using the motor skill to portray it

50
Q

3 steps of information management

A

learning
memory
forgetting

51
Q

Nonfluent (broca) aphasia

A

slow speech, difficulty choosing words, using words that only approximate the correct word

52
Q

Fluent (Wernicke) aphasia

A

speech normal and excessive, but senseless words

cannot comprehend written and spoken words

53
Q

Anomic Aphasia

A

speaks normally and understand speech, but can not identify written words or pictures

54
Q

Cerebral Lateralization

A

difference in the function of cerebral hemispheres

55
Q

Left Hemisphere

A

Categorical

spoken and written language

analytical reasoning

information in fragments- analyzes it in linear way

56
Q

Right Hemisphere

A

Representational Hemisphere

imagination and insight

music and art

57
Q

Epilepsy

A

massive discharge of neurons resulting in motor convulsions, sensory & psychic disturbance, and impaired consciousness

58
Q

Schizophrenia

A

delusions, hallucinations, inappropriate emotional response to stimulations, incoherent speech and withdraw form society

59
Q

Bell Palsy

A

Paralysis of facial muscles on one side resulting in distortion of facial features

60
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

motor nervous system that controls glands, cardiac and smooth tissue

61
Q

Visceral Reflexes

A

unconscious, automatic,stereotyped responses to stimulation

62
Q

Visceral ARC

A

Receptors-> afferent neurons-> interneurons-> efferent neurons-> effectors

63
Q

Sympathetic Division

A

adapts the body in many ways for physical activity

fight or flight reactions

64
Q

Parasympathetic Division

A

calming effect on many body functions

resting and digesting state

65
Q

autonomic tone

A

normal background rate of two systems that represent the balance between two

66
Q

Enteric Nervous System

A

NS of digestive track

regulates motility of esophagus, stomach, intestines, and secretion of digestive enzymes and acids

regulated by sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

A&P 2 (13 decks)

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