Exam Four Flashcards
Lymphatic System
Network of organs & vein- like vessels that recover fluid
Lymphatic system functions
fluid recovery
immunity
lipid absorption
Lymphatic system components
lymph
lymphatic vessels
lymphatic tissue
lymphatic organs
lymphatic vessels in size order
lymphatic capillaries collected vessels 6 lymphatic trunks 2 collecting ducts subclavian veins
natural killer cell
lymphocytes that destroy bacteria, tissue, host cells
T lymphocytes
mature in the thymus n depend on thymic hormones
B lymphocytes
differentiate into plasma cells, develop in bone marrow
macrophages
monocytes
eat things
primary APC
APCs (antigen presenting cells)
produce foreign matter & display it to T cell altering the immune system
Dendritic Cells
mobile APCs found in epidermis, mucous membrane, n lymphatic organs
surface defense
reticular cells
stationary APCs that contribute to connective tissue framework of lymphatic organs
Primary Lymphatic organs
red bone marrow
thymus
Secondary Lymphatic organs
lymph nodes
tonsils
spleen
Red bone marrow
primary
hemopoiesis- blood cells
found in bones/skeleton
thymus
primary
matures T cells
member of endocrine, lymphatic and immune system
lymph nodes
Secondary
most numerous
filters and cleans lymph
activate T cells
3 sets of tonsils
adenoid- back nose
pelatine- back mouth
Lingula- tounge
Spleen
biggest lymphatic organ
highly vascular and vulnerable
monitor blood
first line of defense
external barriers- skin, mucous membrane, sub epithelial areolar tissue
second line of defense
non specific resistance
mechanisms- cells, processes to protect
third line of defense
specific immunity, immune system
External barriers
skin
mucous membranes
sub epithelial areolar tissue
leukocytes- neutrophils
wander thru connective tissue to kill bacteria
2 methods
- phagocytosis- random cop one at a time
- chemical cloud- killing itself and all bacteria around
leukocytes- eosinophils
guard against parasites & allergens found in mucous membranes
leukocytes- basophils
helpers
secret 3 chemicals leukotrienes, histamine, heparin
leukocytes- monocytes
become macrophages- eat things
interferons
alert cells
secreted by cells infected with viruses
complement system
group of globulins who contribute to nonspecific resistance and specific immunity
pathway made by liver, destroys pathogens
classical pathway
requires an antibody
specific
antibody onto antigen
alternative pathway
nonspecific- doesn’t require antibody
lectin pathway
non specific- doesn’t require antibody
plasma proteins bind to carbohydrates
mechanisms of pathogen
inflammation
immune clearance
phagocytes
cytolysis
immune surveillance
NK cells- bind & release perforins
puncture a hole
shoot in enzyme
kill cell
onset stage of fever
OSP rises causing shivers to generate heat
temp goes up
stadium stage of fever
temp stays high until done fighting pathogen
defervescence stage of fever
temp goes back down to normal
inflammation
response to injury
inflammation purpose
limit spread of pathogens
remove debris
repair tissue
4 signs of inflammation
redness
swelling
heat
pain
step 1. mobilization of defense
get all cells to infected area
gather the troops
step 2. containment & destruction
containing cells by blood clot fence nutrophils doing destruction
stage 3. Clean up and Repair
monocytes turn into macrophages
cellular immunity
T cells attacking whole cells
humoral immunity
B cells attacking extracellular things
natural active immunity
production of ones own antibodies or T cells
artificial active immunity
production of ones own antibodies from vaccinations
natural passive immunity
temporary immunity from acquiring antibodies made by another person (mom to kid)
artificial passive immunity
temporary immunity from the injection of an immune serum from another person or animal
antigen
trigger an immune response
epitope
reactive part of antigen
haptens
things that are too small to cause a problem by themselves
antibodies
what is created to fight off antigens
life cycle T cells
born in bone marrow
trained n matured in thymus
life cycle B cell
born in bone marrow
mature in bone marrow n can go wherever
Cellular immunity steps
recognition
react
remember
recognition
recognizing something foreign & bind onto it, create attack against it
react
go out and find foreign things in body
remember
leave T cells behind as memory to launch attack again
T cells in cellular immunity
cytotoxin
helper
regulatory
memory
cytotoxin (tc cell)
effector of cellular immunity
helper cells
promote the action of TC cells play role in humoral immunity
regulatory cells
limit the immune response
memory cells
descend from TC cells
humoral immunity steps
recognize
react
remember
4 methods against antigens
neutralization
complement fixation
agglutination
precipitation
type 1 hypersensitivity
acute allergy
most common
react instantly
type 2 hypersensitivity
antibody dependent cytotoxin
attack antigens causing destruction of cell
type 3 hypersensitivity
immune complex
antigen antibody complexes participate beneath the endothelium of the blood vessels
cause tissue destruction
