Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

The creation of genetically identical offspring by a single parent, without the participation of sperm and egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chromosomes

A

The structures that contain most of the organism’s DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Each offspring inherits a unique combination of genes from its two parents, making a unique combination of traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cell division

A

The reproduction of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Binary fission

A

Dividing in half

The way the prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) reproduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chromatin

A

How chromosomes exist most of the time
A diffuse mass of long thin fibers
Combination of DNA and protein molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sister chromatids

A

Contain identical copies of the DNA molecule on a certain chromosome
After a chromosome duplicates, each chromosome in one is called a sister chromatid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Centromere

A

Joins the two sister chromatids together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cell cycle

A

An ordered sequence of events that extends from the time a cell is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into two cells
Growing stage and actual cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Interphase

A

Most of the cell cycle spent here
Cell’s metabolic activity is high, cell performs functions in organism
Increases supply of proteins, creates more cytoplasmic organelles, and grows in size
Chromosomes duplicate
90% of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

G1 S G2

A

Grows in G1
Synthesizes DNA and duplicates DNA in S
Prepares for cell division in G2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mitosis phase (M phase)

A

The part of the cell cycle when the cell actually divides
10% of time
Mitosis and cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mitosis

A

The nucleus and its contents, including the duplicated chromosomes, divide and are evenly distributed to form two daughter nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The cytoplasm is divided in two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mitosis spindle

A

A football-shaped structure of microtubules that guides the separation of the two sets of daughter chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Centrosomes

A

Clouds of cytoplasmic material that in animal cells contain centrioles
Spindle microtubules come from here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

A

Describe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cleavage furrow

A

A shallow groove in the cell surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cell plate

A

In a plant when vesicles containing cell wall material fuse

20
Q

Growth factor

A

A protein secreted by certain body cells that stimulates other cells to divide

21
Q

Density-dependent inhibition

A

Crowded cells stop dividing

22
Q

Anchorage dependence

A

Cells must be in contact with a solid surface to divide

23
Q

Cell cycle control system

A

A cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that both triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle

24
Q

Somatic cell

A

In humans, a typical body cell
A cell that reproduces asexually
Not a sex cell/gamete

25
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

The two chromosomes composing a pair. They both carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics

26
Q

Locus

A

A particular place on a chromosome where a gene is located

27
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

X and Y chromosomes

28
Q

Autosomes

A

The non-sex chromosomes

29
Q

Diploid cell

A

Any cell with two homologous sets of chromosomes

30
Q

Gametes

A

The egg and sperm cells

31
Q

Haploid cell

A

A cell with a single chromosome set

32
Q

Fertilization

A

When a haploid sperm cell and a haploid egg cell fuse

33
Q

Zygote

A

A fertilized egg

Diploid

34
Q

Meiosis

A

A type of cell division that produces haploid gametes in diploid organisms

35
Q

Tetrads

A

Four chromatids

36
Q

Crossing over

A

An exchange of corresponding segments between two homologous chromosomes
Begins very early in prophase I of meiosis

37
Q

Chiasma

A

A place where two homologous chromatids are attached to each other

38
Q

Genetic recombination

A

The production of gene combinations different from those carried by the original chromosomes

39
Q

Karyotype

A

An ordered display of magnified images of an individual’s chromosomes arranged in pairs, starting with the longest

40
Q

Nondisjunction

A

An occasional mishap when the members of a chromosome pair fail to separate
Could not separate during meiosis I (one side gets three chromosomes the other gets one)
Could not separate during meiosis II (one side gets three chromatids the other gets one)

41
Q

Deletion

A

When a fragment of a chromosome is lost

Most harmful

42
Q

Duplication

A

When a fragment from one chromosome joins to a sister chromatids or homologous chromosome

43
Q

Inversion

A

When a fragment reattaches to the original chromosome but in the reverse direction
Least harmful

44
Q

Translocation

A

When a chromosomal fragment attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome

45
Q

Law of independent assortment

A

Each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs of alleles during gamete formation

Bio (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions