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Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Difficult to digest

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2
Q

Hepaturia

A

Blood in the urine

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3
Q

Polydipsia

A

Excessive thirst

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4
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Blood in the sputum

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5
Q

Jejunum

A

Second portion of the small intestine

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6
Q

Cecum

A

The last segment of the small intestine

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7
Q

Chancroid

A

Caused by haemophilus ducreyi

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8
Q

Suprapubic catheter

A

Is inserted surgically through the abdominal walls above the symphysis pubis into the urinary bladder
Insertion site care involves sterile technique
Catheter needs to be replaced within 30 min if it falls out

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9
Q

Ischemia

A

Results from an obstruction, loss, or reduction of blood supply leading to lack of oxygen

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10
Q

Gangrene

A

tissue necrosis (death) resulting form local anemia

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11
Q

Gas gangrene

A

Is always cause by clostridium spp.

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12
Q

Pericardium

A

Around the heart

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13
Q

Capillary

A

One of the microscopic blood vessels joining arterioles and venules

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14
Q

vein

A

Any one of the many vessels that convey blood from the capillaries as part of the pulmonary venous system

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15
Q

Crutch training

A

3 finger widths below the axilla, 30 degree elbow angle flexion

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16
Q

When drawing up insulin which do you draw up first?

A

clear to cloudy

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17
Q

How do you mix insulin?

A

You should never shake insulin but instead role it between your palms to mix

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18
Q

why is one type of insulin cloudy?

A

cloudy insulin has a protein in it and therefore must be drawn up after clear in order to prevent contamination

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19
Q

which injection sites for insulin are most quickly absorbed?

A

arms and abdomen

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20
Q

which injection sites for insulin take longer to absorb?

A

thigh and buttocks

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21
Q

what are the recommend site to inject insulin?

A

arms
abdomen
thigh
buttocks

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22
Q

How often should insulin injection site be rotated/

A

rotate injection sites weekly to prevent lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy

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23
Q

why do insulin injection sites need to be rotated?

A

minimize tissue damage
aid absorption
avoid discomfort

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24
Q

what are the different medication orders?

A

prn, stat, single, standing

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25
Q

what are oral contradictions?

A

npo, vomiting, unable to swallow, unconscious

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26
Q

what are the eight rights to medications?

A 
med
time
dose
route
client
client ed
right to refuse
documentation
evaluation assessment
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27
Q

Aseptic techniques

A

eliminate and exclude pathogens- include: hand hygiene, sterile gloves, mask and gowns.

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28
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis are caused by what?

A

S. pyogens

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29
Q

Colitis

A 
Inflammation of the colon (large intestine)
S/S
Diarrhea with or without blood
Abdominal pain
Fever can be present
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30
Q

Dysentery

A

frequent watery stools accompanied by: abdominal pain, fever, and dehydration The stool specimens may contain blood or mucus Caused by: Shigella spp (bacteria)

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31
Q

Enteritis

A

Inflammation of the intestines, usually referring t the small intestine

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32
Q

Cholera

A

acute bacterial disease caused by V. Cholerae by ingestion of raw or undercooked foods. Signs and symptoms are profuse watery stools, vomiting and rapid dehydration

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33
Q

Bacterial gastritis

A

is an infection with Helicobacter pylori can cause chronic bacterial gastritis and duodenal ulcers

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34
Q

C. Diff

A

is an anaerobic, spore-forming, gram postive bacillus. It is an indigenous microbiota of the colon and occurs when a patient receives oral anitbiotics

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35
Q

Disinfection

A

elimination of most or all pathogens (except bacterial spores) from nonliving objects. Disinfectants are not used on living tissue. Ex. Alcohol,

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36
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

infections acquired in a hospital

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37
Q

Epidemic disease (outbreak)

A

a greater than usual number of cases of a disease in a particular region, usually occurring within a relatively short period of time. Ex. A dozen people develop food poisoning after a luncheon together- this constitutes an epidemic.

38
Q

Endemic disease

A

always present within the population of a particular geographic area. Number of cases may fluctuate over time but the disease never dies out completely. Ex. Include bacterial diseases such as TB, staphylococcal, streptococcal, STD’s such as gonorrhea and syphilis, viral disease – common cold, influenza, chicken pox, and mumps. Plague caused by bacterium an endemic among rats, prairie dogs and other rodents

39
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver. Result of viral infection. Also caused by toxic agents

40
Q

What is the only type of hepatitis that is DNA?

A

Type B (HBV infection, serum hepatitis)

41
Q

Tinea Barbae

A

A fungal infection of the beard and moustache

42
Q

Tinea Capitis

A

A fungal infection of the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes

43
Q

Tinea Corpris

A

fungal infection of the face, trunk and major limbs

44
Q

Tinea Cruris

A

A fungal infection of the groin and perineal and perianal areas

45
Q

Tinea Pedis

A

also called athlete’s foot: a fungal infection of the soles of the feet and between the toes

46
Q

Tinea Unguium

A

A fungal infection of the nails; also called onychomycosis

47
Q

Trichomonas

A

is a sexually transmitted disease affecting both men and women. S/S in women are vaginitis with profuse, thin foamy,malodorous, greenish-yellow discharge

48
Q

Giardiasis

A

is a protozoal infection of the duodenum from drinking water

49
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

Most common systemic fungal infection in AIDs patients is

50
Q

Lyme disease

A

most common arthropod borne disease- tick feeds from infected deer or mouse then becomes infected with Borrelia burgdorferi it then feeds from a human transmitting the disease to the human. Characterized by a bull’s eye rash, neurological and cardiac dysfunction, and severe arthritis

51
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the mucous membranes and underlying tissue of the pharynx, Commonly referred to as a “sore throat”. Strep throat is caused by S. pyogenes. The most cases are caused by VIRUSES

52
Q

Leukocytosis

A

increased number of leukocytes in the blood- Bacterial infection

53
Q

Penicillin (cells)

A

human cells have no cell walls so therefore cant be destroyed by penicillin. treat syphillis except for tertiary

54
Q

B, T, memory cells

A

Memory cells respond to antigen next time antigen comes into body

55
Q

B cell

A

produce antibodies

56
Q

T cell

A

predominate in the blood

57
Q

droplet isolation

A

requires regular mask

for the flu

58
Q

Airborne isolation

A

requires N95 mask
for TB
negative pressure

59
Q

protective isolation

A

positive pressure
nurse must wear a mask
for those with leukopenia

60
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

inhibits growth of microbes

used only in pt with good defense mechanism

61
Q

Bactericidal

A

kills bacteria

62
Q

Bacteriostatic agent

A

inhibits the metabolism and reproductions of bacteria

63
Q

Sepsis

A

presence of pathogens

64
Q

Bactericidal

A

kill bacteria

65
Q

NGT

A

gastric suctioning
swallow
examine nares/skin breakdown for comfort before
if have problem getting it in, withdraw it and try other nares

66
Q

when doing wound care what should you never do?

A

microwave fluids

67
Q

what size syringe should you use?

A

18-19 gauge, 30-60 ml

68
Q

Chlamydia

A

most common STI in US

69
Q

fungal allergens

A

cause type 1 hypersensitivity

70
Q

gonococcal conjunctivitis

A

acute redness swelling of the conjunctiva
purulent discharge
corneal ulcers, perforation, and blindness may occur if the disease is untreated

71
Q

drug toxicity

A

harmful effects of a drug on an organism

72
Q

antifungal

A

most toxic to the patient

73
Q

Factor that increase virulence factor

A

toxins are obvious virulence factors

capsule

74
Q

Bladder Irrigation

A

non sterile procedure

75
Q

CAUTI

A

Catheter associated urinary tract infection

risk for infection increases by 5% each day when foley left in place

76
Q

SARS

A

is a viral respiratory illness with high fever, chills, headache, a general feeling of discomfort, body aches and sometimes diarrhea. SARS is caused by SARS- associated coronavirus

77
Q

what position do you want to have the client in for Oropharynx suctioning?

A

fowler’s or semi fowlers

78
Q

Salmonella

A

Typhoid fever
gram negative bacili
least likely to cause HAI

79
Q

what are the function of antibodies

A

mark invading organisms for destructions

80
Q

what has the fastest absorption rate?

A

IV

81
Q

what has the slowest absorption rate?

A

subcutaneous absorption route is the slowest

82
Q

IgA

A

exists as a monomer or dimer
predominant class in body secretions (saliva, tears, breastmilk)
protects mucous membranes from pathogens

83
Q

IgD

A 
found on surface of B cells
function is unknown
84
Q

IgE

A

produced in response to allergens

85
Q

IgG

A 
most abundant type in serum
only class that can cross the placenta
86
Q

IgM

A

pentameter
largest type
first antibodies formed in the primary response*
short lived

87
Q

Fungal diseases in AIDS clients

A

Candadisis

number 1 infection

88
Q

Crytococcus

A

causes meningitis in clients with AIDS

89
Q

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

A

allergic reaction

responses to insect stings and drugs

90
Q

Type 2 Hypersensitivity

A

cytotoxic

blood transfusion reaction

91
Q

Type 3 Hypersensitivity

A

serum sickness
immune complex reaction
RA o r SLE

92
Q

Type 4 Hypersensitivity

A

delayed type hypersensitivity or cell-mediated immune reactions
TB, other skin tests

Nursing Skills (8 decks)

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