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Final Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define a food chain

A

A series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains energy

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2
Q

Define a food web

A

Consists of the many overlapping food chains an ecosystem

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3
Q

What is the study of where organisms live

A

Biogeography

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4
Q

What is the typical weather period in an area over a long period of time

A

Climate

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5
Q

Which biome is extremely cold and dry

A

Tundra

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6
Q

Ponds and rivers are examples of which kind of ecosystem

A

Freshwater

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7
Q

What is a producer

A

An organism that can make its own food

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8
Q

What is a consumer

A

An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms

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9
Q

What is always the first organism in a food chain

A

Producer

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10
Q

What is the very slow movement of the continents overtime

A

Continental drift

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11
Q

Why does such a large variety of plants grow in the tropical rain forest

A

They have a year-round growing season

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12
Q

Define a renewable and nonrenewable resource

A

Renewable – either always available or naturally replaced in a relatively short time
Nonrenewable resource – natural resources that are not replaced in a useful timeframe

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13
Q

Give an example of a renewable and nonrenewable resource

A

Renewable – water

nonrenewable- coal

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14
Q

Define pollution

A

We contamination of Earth’s land water or air

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15
Q

Explain what we mean by the costs and benefits of an environmental decision

A

A decision that has advantages and negative consequences

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16
Q

What is the difference between selective cutting in clearcutting? Which method is the best choice for maintaining biodiversity

A

Selective cutting – cutting down only some trees in an forest and leaving a mix of tree sizes and species behind
Clearcutting – process of cutting down all the trees in an area at once

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17
Q

If the death rate is higher than the birth rate for a species, how will its overall population change

A

Population decreases

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18
Q

Define biodiversity

A

The number of different species in an area

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19
Q

What is the biggest threat to biodiversity

A

Habitat destruction

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20
Q

What is the most successful way to maintain biodiversity

A

Habitat preservation

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21
Q

What do we call the loss of a natural habitat

A

Habitat destruction

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22
Q

What are the most diverse ecosystems on earth

A

Tropical rain forests

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23
Q

What are the second most diverse ecosystems on earth

A

Tropical coral reefs

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24
Q

List and describe four types of consumers

A

Omnivore – consumers that eat both plants and animals
carnivore – consumers that eat only animals herbivore – consumers that eat only plants scavenger – carnivore that feeds on the bodies of dead organisms

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25
Q

What is the difference between an abiotic and a biotic factor

A

Abiotic – the nonliving parts of an organisms habitat

Biotic – the living parts of an organisms habitat

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26
Q

Give two examples each of abiotic and biotic factors

A

Abiotic- water, soil, and oxygen

Biotic- trees, grass, and birds

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27
Q

What is a habitat

A

Environment that provides the things the organism needs to live, grow, and reproduce

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28
Q

What is a niche

A

The role of an organism in its habitat, or how it makes its living

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29
Q

What are the four levels of organization and ecosystem, starting with the smallest

A

Organism, population, community, and ecosystem

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30
Q

Give an example of a population

A

Rabbit population

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31
Q

Define carrying capacity

A

The largest population that an area can support

32
Q

What are the behaviors and physical characteristics of species that allow them to live successfully in their environment

A

Adaptations

33
Q

What is the difference between immigration and emigration

A

Immigration – moving into a population emigration – leaving a population

34
Q

Define competition

A

The struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resource

35
Q

Define predation

A

And interaction in which one organism kills another for food

36
Q

Define symbiosis

A

A close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species

37
Q

List and give an example of the three types of symbiotic relationships

A

Mutualism – saguaro and long eared bats commensalism – Redtailed Hawks and saguaro parasitism – fleas and dogs

38
Q

List three limiting factors in an ecosystem

A

Water and food, space, and weather conditions

39
Q

What is the role of a decomposer

A

Breakdown wastes and dead organisms and return the raw materials to the ecosystem

40
Q

Define homeostasis

A

Process by which an organisms internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment

41
Q

What type of tissue carries messages from the brain to the rest of the body

A

Nervous tissue

42
Q

Which type of muscle tissue contracts, or shortens

A

Skeletal tissue

43
Q

What are the functions of the skeleton

A

Provide shape and support, enables you to move, protects your organs, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and other materials until your body needs them

44
Q

Which type of muscle tires quickly during exercise

A

Skeletal muscle

45
Q

How does the skin protect the body from disease

A

By forming a barrier that keeps disease causing microorganisms and harmful substances out of the body

46
Q

How can you prevent osteoporosis

A

Regular exercise throughout life and a diet with enough calcium

47
Q

What is melanin

A

A pigment, or colored substance, that gives skin its color

48
Q

What is the function of melanin

A

Helps to protect the skin from burning

49
Q

Which type of tissue lines your digestive tract and allows you to absorb nutrients from food

A

Epithelial tissue

50
Q

What are the six nutrients needed by the human body

A

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water

51
Q

What are the functions of each of the six nutrients listed above

A

Carbohydrates – provide energy and provide the raw materials to make cell parts
Fats- provide energy, form part of the cell membrane, protects and supports your internal organs, insulates your body
Proteins – tissue growth and repair, chemical reactions
vitamins and minerals- needed in small amounts to carry out chemical processes
water – the bodies vital processes take place in water

52
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system

A

Digestion, absorption, elimination

53
Q

What does a calorie measure

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C

54
Q

Where do we get the energy our body needs

A

Food

55
Q

What substance begins chemical digestion in your mouth

A

Saliva

56
Q

Which is the most important of the six nutrients

A

Water

57
Q

Define a stimulus

A

Any change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react

58
Q

Define a response

A

What your body does in reaction to a stimulus

59
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system

A

Receiving information, responding to information, and maintaining homeostasis

60
Q

What are the three types of neurons

A

Sensory neuron, interneuron, and motor neuron

61
Q

What is the function of each type of neuron

A

Sensory neuron – picks up stimuli from the internal or external environment and converts each stimulus into a nerve impulse
Interneuron– Carries nerve impulses from one neuron to another
Motor neuron – send an impulse to a muscle or gland

62
Q

What is the thick column of nervous tissue that links the brain to most of the nerves

A

Spinal cord

63
Q

Why is pain an important sensation

A

It alerts you to any possible danger

64
Q

What makes up the central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

65
Q

What do fungi have in common with animals

A

Eukaryotes, heterotrophs, and reproduce

66
Q

What do animallike protists have in common with animals

A

They’re both heterotrophs and eukaryotes and can move

67
Q

What characteristic do all algae share

A

All autotrophs

68
Q

What determines the physical appearance of a multicellular fungus

A

The arrangement of hyphae

69
Q

What conditions do fungi require for growth

A

Warm, moist places

70
Q

What structures do sarcodines use for movement

A

Pseudopods

71
Q

What is the function of a contractile vacuole

A

A structure that collects the extra water and then expels it from the cell

72
Q

A lichen is a relationship between what two organisms

A

Fungus and algae

73
Q

What structures do fungi use for reproduction

A

Spores

74
Q

Name a protozoan that moves through the use of pseudopods

A

Amoeba

75
Q

If a snake eats a mouse that eats grass, what level consumer is the snake

A

Second level consumer

Life Science (8 decks)

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