Final

Question 1

Define a food chain

Answer 1

A series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains energy

Question 2

Define a food web

Answer 2

Consists of the many overlapping food chains an ecosystem

Question 3

What is the study of where organisms live

Answer 3

Biogeography

Question 4

What is the typical weather period in an area over a long period of time

Answer 4

Climate

Question 5

Which biome is extremely cold and dry

Answer 5

Tundra

Question 6

Ponds and rivers are examples of which kind of ecosystem

Answer 6

Freshwater

Question 7

What is a producer

Answer 7

An organism that can make its own food

Question 8

What is a consumer

Answer 8

An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms

Question 9

What is always the first organism in a food chain

Answer 9

Producer

Question 10

What is the very slow movement of the continents overtime

Answer 10

Continental drift

Question 11

Why does such a large variety of plants grow in the tropical rain forest

Answer 11

They have a year-round growing season

Question 12

Define a renewable and nonrenewable resource

Answer 12

Renewable – either always available or naturally replaced in a relatively short time
Nonrenewable resource – natural resources that are not replaced in a useful timeframe

Question 13

Give an example of a renewable and nonrenewable resource

Answer 13

Renewable – water

nonrenewable- coal

Question 14

Define pollution

Answer 14

We contamination of Earth’s land water or air

Question 15

Explain what we mean by the costs and benefits of an environmental decision

Answer 15

A decision that has advantages and negative consequences

Question 16

What is the difference between selective cutting in clearcutting? Which method is the best choice for maintaining biodiversity

Answer 16

Selective cutting – cutting down only some trees in an forest and leaving a mix of tree sizes and species behind
Clearcutting – process of cutting down all the trees in an area at once

Question 17

If the death rate is higher than the birth rate for a species, how will its overall population change

Answer 17

Population decreases

Question 18

Define biodiversity

Answer 18

The number of different species in an area

Question 19

What is the biggest threat to biodiversity

Answer 19

Habitat destruction

Question 20

What is the most successful way to maintain biodiversity

Answer 20

Habitat preservation

Question 21

What do we call the loss of a natural habitat

Answer 21

Habitat destruction

Question 22

What are the most diverse ecosystems on earth

Answer 22

Tropical rain forests

Question 23

What are the second most diverse ecosystems on earth

Answer 23

Tropical coral reefs

Question 24

List and describe four types of consumers

Answer 24

Omnivore – consumers that eat both plants and animals
carnivore – consumers that eat only animals herbivore – consumers that eat only plants scavenger – carnivore that feeds on the bodies of dead organisms

Question 25

What is the difference between an abiotic and a biotic factor

Answer 25

Abiotic – the nonliving parts of an organisms habitat | Biotic – the living parts of an organisms habitat

Question 26

Give two examples each of abiotic and biotic factors

Answer 26

Abiotic- water, soil, and oxygen | Biotic- trees, grass, and birds

Question 27

What is a habitat

Answer 27

Environment that provides the things the organism needs to live, grow, and reproduce

Question 28

What is a niche

Answer 28

The role of an organism in its habitat, or how it makes its living

Question 29

What are the four levels of organization and ecosystem, starting with the smallest

Answer 29

Organism, population, community, and ecosystem

Question 30

Give an example of a population

Answer 30

Rabbit population

Question 31

Define carrying capacity

Answer 31

The largest population that an area can support

Question 32

What are the behaviors and physical characteristics of species that allow them to live successfully in their environment

Answer 32

Adaptations

Question 33

What is the difference between immigration and emigration

Answer 33

Immigration – moving into a population emigration – leaving a population

Question 34

Define competition

Answer 34

The struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resource

Question 35

Define predation

Answer 35

And interaction in which one organism kills another for food

Question 36

Define symbiosis

Answer 36

A close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species

Question 37

List and give an example of the three types of symbiotic relationships

Answer 37

Mutualism – saguaro and long eared bats commensalism – Redtailed Hawks and saguaro parasitism – fleas and dogs

Question 38

List three limiting factors in an ecosystem

Answer 38

Water and food, space, and weather conditions

Question 39

What is the role of a decomposer

Answer 39

Breakdown wastes and dead organisms and return the raw materials to the ecosystem

Question 40

Define homeostasis

Answer 40

Process by which an organisms internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment

Question 41

What type of tissue carries messages from the brain to the rest of the body

Answer 41

Nervous tissue

Question 42

Which type of muscle tissue contracts, or shortens

Answer 42

Skeletal tissue

Question 43

What are the functions of the skeleton

Answer 43

Provide shape and support, enables you to move, protects your organs, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and other materials until your body needs them

Question 44

Which type of muscle tires quickly during exercise

Answer 44

Skeletal muscle

Question 45

How does the skin protect the body from disease

Answer 45

By forming a barrier that keeps disease causing microorganisms and harmful substances out of the body

Question 46

How can you prevent osteoporosis

Answer 46

Regular exercise throughout life and a diet with enough calcium

Question 47

What is melanin

Answer 47

A pigment, or colored substance, that gives skin its color

Question 48

What is the function of melanin

Answer 48

Helps to protect the skin from burning

Question 49

Which type of tissue lines your digestive tract and allows you to absorb nutrients from food

Answer 49

Epithelial tissue

Question 50

What are the six nutrients needed by the human body

Answer 50

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water

Question 51

What are the functions of each of the six nutrients listed above

Answer 51

Carbohydrates – provide energy and provide the raw materials to make cell parts Fats- provide energy, form part of the cell membrane, protects and supports your internal organs, insulates your body Proteins – tissue growth and repair, chemical reactions vitamins and minerals- needed in small amounts to carry out chemical processes water – the bodies vital processes take place in water

Question 52

What are the functions of the digestive system

Answer 52

Digestion, absorption, elimination

Question 53

What does a calorie measure

Answer 53

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C

Question 54

Where do we get the energy our body needs

Answer 54

Food

Question 55

What substance begins chemical digestion in your mouth

Answer 55

Saliva

Question 56

Which is the most important of the six nutrients

Answer 56

Water

Question 57

Define a stimulus

Answer 57

Any change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react

Question 58

Define a response

Answer 58

What your body does in reaction to a stimulus

Question 59

What are the functions of the nervous system

Answer 59

Receiving information, responding to information, and maintaining homeostasis

Question 60

What are the three types of neurons

Answer 60

Sensory neuron, interneuron, and motor neuron

Question 61

What is the function of each type of neuron

Answer 61

Sensory neuron – picks up stimuli from the internal or external environment and converts each stimulus into a nerve impulse Interneuron– Carries nerve impulses from one neuron to another Motor neuron – send an impulse to a muscle or gland

Question 62

What is the thick column of nervous tissue that links the brain to most of the nerves

Answer 62

Spinal cord

Question 63

Why is pain an important sensation

Answer 63

It alerts you to any possible danger

Question 64

What makes up the central nervous system

Answer 64

Brain and spinal cord

Question 65

What do fungi have in common with animals

Answer 65

Eukaryotes, heterotrophs, and reproduce

Question 66

What do animallike protists have in common with animals

Answer 66

They're both heterotrophs and eukaryotes and can move

Question 67

What characteristic do all algae share

Answer 67

All autotrophs

Question 68

What determines the physical appearance of a multicellular fungus

Answer 68

The arrangement of hyphae

Question 69

What conditions do fungi require for growth

Answer 69

Warm, moist places

Question 70

What structures do sarcodines use for movement

Answer 70

Pseudopods

Question 71

What is the function of a contractile vacuole

Answer 71

A structure that collects the extra water and then expels it from the cell

Question 72

A lichen is a relationship between what two organisms

Answer 72

Fungus and algae

Question 73

What structures do fungi use for reproduction

Answer 73

Spores

Question 74

Name a protozoan that moves through the use of pseudopods

Answer 74

Amoeba

Question 75

If a snake eats a mouse that eats grass, what level consumer is the snake

Answer 75

Second level consumer