Chapter 4

Question 0

What is the name of the factors that control traits that Mendel discovered

Answer 0

Gene

Question 1

In Mendels experiments, what proportion of the plants in the F2 generation had the trait that had been missing in generation F1

Answer 1

3/4 were tall 1/4 were short

Question 2

What do the following notations mean to genetics: TT, Tt, tt

Answer 2

TT – Dominant Tt – dominant tt- recessive

Question 3

What was the dominant trait in Mendels experiments (tall or short)?

Answer 3

Tall

Question 4

What are the possible genotypes for a tall pea plant

Answer 4

TT, Tt

Question 5

What does a punnet square show

Answer 5

It shows all possible combinations of alleles in a genetic cross

Question 6

What is a genotype? What do you write down when I ask for a genotype?

Answer 6

The genotype is its genetic makeup. You write down the alleles. Ex. TT, Tt

Question 7

What is a phenotype? What do you write down when I ask for a phenotype?

Answer 7

The phenotype is its physical appearance. You write down the dominant or recessive trait. Ex. Tall stem or short stem

Question 8

What is the definition of codominance? Give an example of a trait that follows that pattern of inheritance

Answer 8

The alleles are neither dominant or recessive. Ex. FB FW

Question 9

What is the definition of incomplete dominance? Give an example of a trait that follows the pattern of inheritance.

Answer 9

With incomplete dominance, a cross between organisms with two different phenotypes produces offspring with a third phenotype that is a blending of the parental traits. Ex. Red x white–> pink

Question 10

What is the chromosome theory of inheritance? Who developed it?

Answer 10

Genes are carried from parents to their offspring on chromosomes. Walter Sutton

Question 11

What fraction of the chromosomes does each sex Cell contribute when they combine to produce offspring

Answer 11

1/2

Question 12

What determines the genetic code

Answer 12

The order of the nitrogen bases along a gene

Question 13

What does the genetic code tell the cell

Answer 13

Specifies what type of protein will be produced

Question 14

What does messenger RNA do during protein synthesis

Answer 14

Copies the coded message from the DNA in the nucleus, and carries it to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Question 15

What does transfer RNA do during protein synthesis

Answer 15

Carries amino acid and adds them to the growing protein

Question 16

What are the two major differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 16

DNA has two strands RNA has one strand

Question 17

What is the definition of a mutation

Answer 17

Any change in a gene or chromosome

Question 18

What are the three types of mutations? Define them and give an example of each.

Answer 18

One base pair is removed, one base pair is added, one base pair is substituted for another. Look at your packet

Question 19

What are the different forms of a gene called

Answer 19

Allele

Question 20

What does homozygous mean

Answer 20

If the alleles are the same or purebred

Question 21

What does heterozygous mean

Answer 21

If the alleles are different or hybrid

Question 22

What does purebred mean

Answer 22

The two alleles are the same or homozygous

Question 23

What does hybrid mean

Answer 23

The two alleles are different or heterozygous

Question 24

What are chromosomes made of

Answer 24

Genes

Question 25

Mutations can happen in two types of cells. Name the cells.

Answer 25

Sex cells and body cells

Question 26

A mutation that happens in which type of cell can be passed to offspring?

Answer 26

Sex cell

Question 27

How many times does the cell divide during meiosis

Answer 27

2

Question 28

What are produced by meiosis

Answer 28

4 Sex cells with half the number of chromosomes as the original

Question 29

What does a set of three bases represent

Answer 29

One specific amino acid

Question 30

What are the four basic steps of protein synthesis

Answer 30

1. Messenger RNA production
2. Messenger RNA attaches to a ribosome and carries message to cytoplasm
3. Transfer RNA attaches to messenger RNA and reads message
4. Protein production continues until a stop code is reached