Chapter 23 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is environmental science

A

The study of natural processes in the environment and how humans can affect them

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1
Q

What is the difference between a renewable and nonrenewable resource

A

Renewable– either always available or are naturally replaced in a relatively short time
Nonrenewable– natural resources are not replaced in a useful time frame

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2
Q

Classify the following as a renewable or nonrenewable resource: oil, aluminum, wind, trees, coal, cattle

A

Coal oil, aluminum– non renewable

Wind, trees, cattle– renewable

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3
Q

List two costs of drilling for oil in Alaska

A

Pollution and habitat destruction

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4
Q

List two benefits of building a recycling center in neshannock

A

Jobs and less litter

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5
Q

How are selective cutting and clear-cutting different

A

Selective cutting – cutting down only some trees in the forest and leaving a mix of tree sizes and species behind
Clear-cutting – cutting down all the trees in an area at once

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6
Q

What is the definition of aquaculture

A

The practice of raising fish and other water-dwelling organisms for food

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7
Q

What is the definition of a fishery

A

An area with a large population of valuable ocean organisms

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8
Q

What is overfishing? What happens to the fish population if this starts to happen?

A

If fish are caught at a faster rate than they can breed. The population decreases

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9
Q

Define biodiversity

A

The number of different species in an area

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10
Q

What is a species that influences the survival of many other species in an ecosystem

A

Keystone species

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11
Q

List four threats to biodiversity

A

Pollution, poaching, habitat destruction, and the introduction of exotic species

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12
Q

What is captive breeding

A

The mating of animals in zoos or wildlife preserves

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13
Q

A National park is an example of what type of biodiversity protection

A

Habitat preservation

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14
Q

How can biodiversity provide an economic benefit

A

Wildlife tours in rain forests, savannas, mountain ranges and other locations. Ecotourism

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15
Q

How does area affect biodiversity

A

A large area will contain more species than a small area

16
Q

How does climate affect biodiversity

A

The number of species increases from the poles toward the equator. Tropical climate

17
Q

How does the diversity of niches affect biodiversity

A

The more niches there are the more biodiversity

18
Q

List the three categories of environmental issues

A

Resource use, population growth, pollution

19
Q

What is the most diverse ecosystem on earth? What factor makes it so diverse?

A

Tropical rain forests. Climate.

20
Q

What is the second most diverse ecosystem on earth? What factor makes it so diverse?

A

Tropical coral reefs. Niches.

21
Q

What is the difference between an endangered and threatened species

A

Endangered – species in danger of becoming extinct in the near future
Threatened – species that could become endangered in the near future

22
Q

What does it mean for a species to become extinct

A

The disappearance of all members of a species from earth

23
Q

What is a sustainable yield

A

An amount of renewable resources such as trees that can be harvested regularly without reducing the future supply

24
Q

What is a gene pool

A

All the possibilities that you can inherit in your traits

25
Q

Why is it an advantage for a species to have a large gene pool

A

If there is a variety odds are some species will survive

26
Q

What is habitat fragmentation? Give an example.

A

Breaking larger habitats into smaller, isolated pieces, or fragments. Building a highway through a forest.

27
Q

How has the human population change since 1650

A

Increasing at a faster rate

28
Q

What factors can account for the change in human populations since 1650

A

Improvements in medicine, agriculture, and sanitation

29
Q

Why is human population growth considered an environmental issue?

A

Taking up more space, more waste, destroying forests to build houses and buildings

30
Q

What is a monoculture? Why is a monoculture less successful than a diverse ecosystem?

A

It is the opposite of diversity it’s when there’s only one species. Because there is no variety

31
Q

What protections have humans put in place to increase biodiversity

A

Captive breeding, laws and treaties, and habitat preservation

32
Q

What is poaching

A

The illegal killing or removal wildlife from their habitats

33
Q

List two things that you can do personally to support biodiversity

A

Plant something and don’t litter

34
Q

What are strategies for managing fisheries for sustainable yield

A

Setting fishing limits, changing fishing methods, developing aquaculture techniques, finding new resources