Chapter 14 Flashcards
Describe two ways your body maintains your body temperature through homeostasis
When you’re warm you sweat and sweating helps cool the body when you’re cold you shiver and your muscles rapidly contract and relax
What are the four types of tissue
Muscle tissue, nervous tissue, connective tissue, epithelial tissue
What is the function of each of the four tissues
Muscle tissue – contract or shorten making you move nervous tissue – directs and controls the process epithelial tissue-surfaces and protects your body inside and out connective tissue- provide support for your body and connects all its parts
What are the five functions of the skeletal system
Shape and support, enables you to move, protect your organs, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and other materials until your body needs them
How does a healthy diet, including dairy products, help you to maintain bones
A well-balanced diet includes enough calcium and phosphorus to keep your bones strong while they are growing
What are the three types of muscle
Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle
Where do you find each of the three muscle types named above
Skeletal muscle- attached to the bones of your skeleton smooth muscle- the inside of many internal organs cardiac muscle- in your heart
Which of the three muscle types does not tire easily
Cardiac muscle and smooth muscle
Which of the three types tires quickly during exercise
Skeletal muscle
How does the skin protect the body from disease
By forming a barrier that keeps disease causing microorganisms and harmful substances out of the body
How does the skin help regulate body temperature
Blood vessels and sweat glands
Where are the living cells in the epidermis located
Begins deep in the epidermis and moves to the top while maturing
What is the center of your skeleton
Backbone
What are the bones of the backbone called
Vertebrae
How do you prevent Osteoporosis
Regular exercise throughout life and a diet with enough calcium
What is Melanin
A pigment, or colored substance, that gives skin its color
What is the function of melanin
Melanin production helps to protect the skin from burning
What type of connective tissue holds the bones in movable joints together
Ligaments
What are the four levels of organization in the human body
Cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems
What is the outermost layer of skin
Epidermis
Define stress and give an example of stress in your life and the way that you respond physically to that stress
Stress- reaction of your body to potentially threatening, challenging, or disturbing events
Example – leave the starting line in a bike race
What type of connective tissue connects muscle to bone
Tendons
What do skin cells produce that help the digestive system absorb calcium
Vitamin D
What are the four types of joints
Hinge joint, ball and socket joint, pivot joint, and gliding joint
Give an example of each of the 4 joints
Hinge joint- knee ball and socket joint – shoulder pivot joint – neck and gliding joint – wrist or ankle
Which joint provides the greatest range of motion
Ball and socket joint
Do you consider bones to be dead or alive explain your answer
Alive because they grow and develop
What is the function of the endocrine system
Controls many body processes by means of chemicals or hormones
Which system is more important, muscular skeletal? Include three reasons to support your choice
Skeletal because it shapes and supports the body, enables you to move, and protects your organs
What is homeostasis
The process by which an organism’s internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment
